Pegasus
Pegasus, in fable, a winged horse of the Muses, afterwards a constellation
Could not find Pegasum in Logeion dictionaries.
Pegasum Proper-name noun: masculine genitive plural, Proper-name noun: masculine accusative singular of Pegasus
- the winged horse of the Muses, who sprang from the blood of Medusa when she was slain, and with a blow of his hoof caused the fountain of the Muses (Hippocrene) to spring from Mount Helicon. Bellerophon afterwards caught him at the fountain of Pirene, near Corinth, and, with the aid of his hoofs, destroyed the Chimaera. But when Bellerophon wished to fly on the back of Pegasus to heaven, the latter threw him off and ascended to the skies alone, where he was changed into a constellation, Ov. M. 4, 785; 5, 262 sq.; id. F. 3, 458: ales, Hor. C. 4, 11, 27; Hyg. Fab. 151; id. Astr. 2, 18.—Applied in jest to a swift messenger, Cic. Quint. 25, 80. —Of winged horses in gen., Plin. 8, 21, 30, § 72; cf.: sunt mirae aves cornutae (in Africā) et equinis auribus Pegasi, Mel. 3, 9.— Hence,
- 1 Pēgăsēïus, a, um, adj., Pegasean, i.e. poetic: melos, Pers. praef. 14. —
- 2 Pēgăsĕus (Pēgăsēus, Mart. Cap. 9 fin.), a, um, adj., of or belonging to Pegasus, Pegasean: volatus, Cat. 55, 24: habenae, Claud. in Ruf. 3, 262: aquae, Hippocrene, id. Epigr. 5, 4.—Pegaseum stagnum, a lake in lonia, Plin. 5, 27, 31, § 115: aetas Pegaseo corripiet gradu, i.e. with rapid step, Sen. Troad. 385.—
- 3 Pēgăsis, ĭdis, f. adj., of Pegasus: Pegasides undae, the waters of Hippocrene, the fountain of the Muses, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 15: unda, Mart. 9, 59, 6.—Subst.: Pēgăsĭdes, the Muses, Ov. H. 15, 27; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 19.—Pēgăsis, ĭdis, f., = Πηγή, a fountain-nymph: Pegasis Oenone Phrygiis celeberrima silvis, Ov. H. 5, 3.
- a celebrated jurist in the reign of the emperor Vespasian, Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 47; Juv. 4, 77.—Hence,
- B Pē-găsĭānus, a, um, adj., Pegasian: senatus consultum, Just. Inst. 2, tit. 23.
(Πήγασος).
1. A priest of Eleutherae, who was believed to have introduced the worship of Dionysus at Athens. (Paus. 1.2.4.)
2. The famous winged horse, whose origin is thus related. When Perseus struck off the head of Medusa, with whom Poseidon had had intercourse in the form of a horse or a bird, there sprang forth from her Chrysaor and the horse Pegasus. The latter obtained the name Pegasus because he was believed to have made his appearance near the sources (πήγαι) of Oceanns. Pegasus rose up to the seats of the immortals, and afterwards lived in the palace of Zeus, for whom he carried thunder and lightning (IIes. Theog. 281, &c.; Apollod. 2.3.2, 4.2 ; Schol. ad Aristoph. Pac. 722; comp. Ov. Met. 4.781, &100.6.119). According to this view, which is apparently the most ancient, Pegasus was the thundering horse of Zeus; but later writers describe him as the horse of Eos (Schol. ad Hom. Il. 6.155; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 17), and place him among the stars as the heavenly horse (Arat. Phaen. 205, &c.; Hygin. Poet. Astr. 2.18 Ov. Fast. 3.457, &c.).
Pegasus also acts a prominent part in the fight of Bellerophon against the Chimaera (Hes. Th. 325; Apollod. 2.3.2). After Bellerophon had tried and suffered much to obtain possession of Pegasus for his fight against the Chimaera, he consuited the soothsayer Polvidus at Corinth. The latter advised him to spend a night in the temple of Athena, and, as Bellerophon was sleeping, the goddess appeared to him in a dream, commanding him to sacrifice to Poseidon, and gave him a golden bridle. When he awoke he found the bridle, offered the sacrifice, and caught Pegasus, who was drinking at the well Peirene (Pind. O. 13.90, &c. with the Schol.; Strab. viii. p.379). According to some Athena herself tamed and bridled Pegasus, and surrendered him to Bellerophon (Paus. 2.4.1), or Bellerophon received Pegasus from his own father Poseidon (Schol. ad Hom. Il. 6.155). After he had conquered the Chimaera (Pindar says that he also conquered the Amazons and the Solymi, Ol. 13.125), he endeavoured to rise up to heaven with his winged horse, but fell down upon the earth, either from fear or from giddiness, or being thrown off by Pegasus, who was rendered furious by a gad-fly which Zeus had sent. But Pegasus continued his flight (Hygin. Poet. Astr. 2.18 ; Pind. Isthm. 7.6; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 17; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 636). Whether Hesiod considered Pegasus as a winged horse, cannot be inferred with certainty from the word ἀποπτάμενοσε; but Pindar, Euripides, and the other later writers, expressly mention his wings.
Pegasus lastly was also regarded as the horse of the Muses, and in this capacity he is more celebrated in modern times than he ever was in antiquity ; for with the ancients he had no connection with the Muses, except that by his hoof he called forth the inspiring well Hippocrene. The story about this well runs as follows. When the nine Muses engaged in a contest with the nine daughters of Pierus on Mount Helicon, all became darkness when the daughters of Pierus began to sing ; whereas during the song of the Muses, heaven, the sea, and all the rivers stood still to listen, and Helicon rose heavenward with delight, until Pegasus, on the advice of Poseidon, stopped its rising by kicking it with his hoof (Ant. Lib. 9); and from this kick there arose Hippocrene, the inspiring well of the Muses, on Mount Helicon, which, for this reason, Persius (Prol. 1) calls fons cblallinus (Ov. Met. 5.256). Others again relate that Pegasus caused the well to gush forth because he was thirsty; and in other parts of Greece also similar wells were believed to have been called forth by Pegasus, such as Hippocrene, at Troezene, and Peirene, near Corinth (Paus. 2.31.12; Stat. Theb 4.60). Pegasus is often seen represented in ancient works of art and on coins along with Athena and Bellerophon. [L.S]
a Roman jurist, one of the followers or pupils of Proculus, and praefectus urbi under Domitian (Juv. 4.76), though Pomponiuts says that he was praefectus under Vespasian (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2.47). Nothing is known of any writings of Pegasus, though he probably did write something ; and certainly he must have given Responsa, for he is cited by Valens, Pomponius, Gaius (3.64), Papinian, Plaulus, and frequently by Ulpian. The Senatusconsultum Pegasianum, which was passed in the time of Vespasian, when Pegasus, was cosisul suffectus with Pitsio, probably took its name from him. (Gaius, 1.31, 2.254; Inst. 2. tit. 23.6, 7.)
The Scholia Vetera of Juvenal (4.77) has the following, coitmment : "Hinc est Pegasianum, scilicet jus, quod juris peritus fuerat ;" and in 5.79, "juris peritus fuit Lit praaefectus; und jts Pegasianum," which schopen proposes to emend : "juris peritus, fuit urbis praefeitus; tunde et S. C. Pegasianum ;" which is a probable emendation. The expression "jus Pegasianum" has been compared with "jus Aelianum," but we know of no writings of Pegasus which were so called. (Juvenal, ed. Heinrich; Grotius, Vitae Jurisconsult.; Zimmern. Geschichte des Röm. Pricatrechts, p. 322; Wieling, Jurisprudentiu Restituta, p. 337, gives the citations from Pegasus in the Digest). [G.L]
- , Πήγασος, in fable, a winged horse of the Muses, afterwards a constellation, H., O.—Plur., of swift messengers, C.
(Πήγασος). The celebrated winged horse, whose origin is thus related: When Perseus struck off the head of Medusa, with whom Poseidon had had intercourse in the form of a horse or a bird, there sprang from her Chrysaor and the horse Pegasus. The latter received this name because he was believed to have made his appearance near the sources (πηγαί) of Oceanus. He ascended to the seats of the immortals, and afterwards lived in the palace of Zeus, for whom he carried thunder and lightning. According to this view, which is apparently the most ancient, Pegasus was the thundering horse of Zeus; but later writers describe him as the horse of Eos, and place him among the stars. Pegasus also acts a prominent part in the combat of Bellerophon against the Chimaera. In order to kill the Chimaera, it was necessary for Bellerophon to obtain possession of Pegasus. For this purpose the soothsayer Polyidus at Corinth advised him to spend a night in the temple of Athené. As Bellerophon was asleep in the temple, the goddess appeared to him in a dream commanding him to sacrifice to Poseidon, and gave him a golden bridle. When he awoke he found the bridle, offered the sacrifice, and caught Pegasus while he was drinking at the well Pirené. According to some, Athené herself tamed and bridled Pegasus, and surrendered him to Bellerophon. After he had conquered the Chimaera he endeavoured to rise up to heaven upon his winged horse, but fell down upon the earth. (See Bellerophon.) Pegasus was also regarded as the horse of the Muses, and in this connection is more celebrated in modern times than in antiquity; for with the ancients he had no connection with the Muses, except producing with his hoof the inspiring fountain Hippocrené.
The story about this fountain runs as follows: When the nine Muses engaged in a contest with the nine daughters of Pierus on Mount Helicon, all became darkness when the daughters of Pierus began to sing; whereas, during the song of the Muses, heaven, the sea, and all the rivers stood still to listen, and Helicon rose heavenward with delight, until Pegasus, on the advice of Poseidon, stopped its ascent by kicking it with his hoof. From this kick there arose Hippocrené, the inspiring well of the Muses, on Mount Helicon, which, for this reason, Persius calls fons caballinus. Others, again, relate that Pegasus caused the well to gush forth because he was thirsty. Pegasus is often seen represented in ancient works of art with Athené and Bellerophon.
A Roman jurist, one of the followers or pupils of Proculus, and praefectus urbi under Domitian (Juv.iv. 76).