Ariadne
(Ἀριάδνη), a daughter of Minos and Pasiphae or Creta. (Apollod. 3.1.2.) When Theseus was sent by his father to convey the tribute of the Athenians to Minotaurus, Ariadne fell in love with him, and gave him the string by means of which he found his way out of the Labyrinth, and which she herself had received from Hephaestus. Theseus in return promised to marry her (Plut. Thes. 19; Hyg. Fab. 42 ; Didym. ad Odyss. 11.320), and she accordingly left Crete with him; but when they arrived in the island of Dia (Naxos), she was killed there by Artemis. (Hom. Od. 11.324.) The words added in the Odyssey, Διονύσου μαρτυρίῃσιν, are difficult to understand, unless we interpret them with Pherecydes by " on the denunciation of Dionysus," because he was indignant at the profanation of his grotto by the love of Theseus and Ariadne. In this case Ariadne was probably killed by Artemis at the moment she gave birth to her twin children, for she is said to have had two sons by Theseus, Oenopion and Staphylus. The more common tradition, however, was, that Theseus left Ariadne in Naxos alive; but here the statements again differ, for some relate that he was forced by Dionysus to leave her (Diod. 4.61, 5.51; Paus. 1.20.2, 9.40.2, 10.29.2), and that in his grief he forgot to take down the black sail, which occasioned the death of his father. According to others, Theseus faithlessly forsook her in the island, and different motives are given for this act of faithlessness. (Plut. Thes. 20; Ov. Met. 8.175, Heroid. 10 ; Hyg. Fab. 43.) According to this tradition, Ariadne put an end to her own life in despair, or was saved by Dionysus, who in amazement at her beauty made her his wife, raised her among the immortals, and placed the crown which he gave her at his marriage with her, among the stars. (Hesiod. Theog. 949; Ov. Met. l.c. ; Hygin. Poet. Astr. 2.5.) The Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius (3.996) makes Ariadne become by Dionysus the mother of Oenopion, Thoas, Staphylus, Latromis, Euanthes, and Tauropolis. There are several circumstances in the story of Ariadne which offered the happiest subjects for works of art, and some of the finest ancient works, on gems as well as paintings, are still extant, of which Ariadne is the subject. (Lippert, Dactylioth. 2.51, 1.383, 384; Maffei, Gem. Ant. 3.33; Pitture d'Ercolano, ii. tab. 14 ; Bellori, Adm. Rom. Antiq. Vest. tab. 48; Böttiger, Archaeol, Mus. part i.) [L.S]
(Ἀριάδνη). The daughter of Minos and Pasiphaë, who fell in love with Theseus when he came to Crete to kill the Minotaur, and gave him a clew of yarn, to help him to find his way back to the light of day after slaying the monster in the Labyrinth. She then escaped with him. Homer represents Ariadné as slain by Artemis in the island of Dia, close to Crete, at the request of Dionysus. But the later legend shifts the scene to the isle of Naxos, where the slumbering Ariadné is deserted by Theseus. On waking, she is in the depths of despair, when Dionysus comes and raises her to the dignity of a god's wife. Zeus grants her immortality, and sets her bridal gift, a crown, among the stars. She received divine honours: at Naxos her festivals were held, now with dismal rites recalling her abandonment, and now with bacchanalian revelry befitting the happy bride of Dionysus. The story of Ariadné has been a favourite subject for artists and poets in all ages. At Athens in the autumn they held a joyous festival to her and Dionysus, which Theseus was supposed to have founded on his return from Crete. In Italy, where they identified Dionysus with their wine-god Liber, they also took Ariadné for the wine-goddess Libera (q.v.). See in English, F. Tennyson's Ariadne, and Ross's Ariadne in Naxos.
- Apollod. 3.1.2, Apollod. 3.1.4
- receives image of Aphrodite from Daedalus: Paus. 9.40.4
- loves Theseus and gives him the clue to the labyrinth: Apollod. E.1.6
- taken by him to Naxos: Apollod. E.1.9
- deserted by Theseus: Paus. 1.20.3, Paus. 1.22.5
- carried off by Dionysus to Lemnos: Paus. 1.20.3, Paus. 10.29.4, Apollod. 2.1.4
- her sons by Dionysus: Apollod. 2.1.4
- buried by Dionysus at Argos: Paus. 2.23.8
- her crown: Paus. 5.19.1
- her dance: Paus. 9.40.3
- painted by Polygnotus: Paus. 10.29.3