Lycomedes
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Lycomedem Proper-name noun: masculine accusative singular of Lycomedes
- a king of the Isle of Scyros, with whom Achilles concealed himself disguised in female attire, and whose daughter Deidamia bore to the latter Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus, Cic. Lael. 20, 75 (where Neoptolemus is erroneously spoken of instead of Achilles); Stat. Ach. 1, 207.
(Λυκομοήδης).
1. A king of the Dolopians, in the island of Scyros, near Euboea, father of Deidameia, and grandfather of Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus. (Apollod. 3.13.8.) Once when Theseus came to him, Lycomedes, dreading the influence of the stranger upon his own sub ects, thrust him down a rock. Some related that the cause of this violence was, that Lycomedes would not give up the estates which Theseus had in Scyros, or the circumstance that Lycomedes wanted to gain the favour of Menestheus. (Plut. Thes. 35; Paus. 1.17, in fin.; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 1324; Soph. Phil. 243; Apollod. 3.13.)
2. A son of Creon, one of the Greek warriors at Troy (Hom. Il. 9.84); he was represented as a wounded man by Polygnotus in the Lesche at Delphi. (Paus. 10.25.2.)
3. A son of Apollo and Parthenope (Paus. 7.4.2.) [L.S]
(Λυκομήδης).
1. An Athenian, son of Aeschreas, was the first Greek who captured a Persian ship at Artemisium, in B. C. 480, on which occasion he gained the prize of valour. (Her. 8.11.) He was perhaps the same as the father of the Athenian general Archestratus, mentioned by Thucydides (1.57). Lycomedes was also the name of the father of Cleomedes, one oh' the Athenian commanders against Melos in B. C. 416. (Thuc. 5.84.)
2. A Mantinean, according to Xenophon and Pausanias, wealthy, high-born, and ambitious. Diodorus calls him in one passage a Tegean; but there can be no question (though Wesseling would raise one) of the identity of this Lycomedes with the Arcadian general whom he elsewhere speaks of as a Mantinean. (Xen. Hell. 7.1.23; Paus. 8.27; Diod. 15.59, 62; Wess. ad Diod. 15.59; Schneider, ad Xen. Hell. 6.5.3.) We first hear of him as one of the chief founders of Megalopolis in B. C. 370, and Diodorus (15.59.) tells us that he was the author of the plan, though the words of Pausanias (8.27, 9.14.) would seem to ascribe the origination of it to Epaminondas. (Comp. Arist. Pol. 2.2, ed. Bekk.; Xen. Hell. 6.5.6, &c.) In B. C. 369 Lycomedes was general of the Arcadians and defeated, near Orchomenus, the forces of the Lacedaemonians under Polytropus. (Xen. Hell. 6.5.14; Diod. 15.62.) In the following year we find symptoms of a rising jealousy towards Thebes on the part of the Arcadians, owing in great measure to the suggestions and exhortations of Lycomedes, who reminded his countrymen of their ancient descent as the children of the soil, of their numbers, their high military qualifications, and of the fact that their support was quite as important to Thebes as it had been to Lacedaemon; and it is possible that the spirit thus roused and fostered in Arcadia may have shortened the stay of Epaminondas in the Peloponnesus on this his second invasion of it. The vigour exhibited in consequence by the Arcadians under Lycomedes and the successes they met with are mentioned by Xenophon and Diodorus, the latter of whom however places these events a year too soon. Thus it was in B. C. 369, according to him, that Lycomedes marched against Pellene in Laconia, and, having taken it, made slaves of the inhabitants and ravaged the country. (Xen. Hell. 2.1. §§ 23, &c.; Diod. 15.67; Wess. ad loc.) The same spirit of independence was again manifested by Lycomedes in B. C. 367, at the congress held at Thebes after the return of the Greek envoys from Susa; for when the rescript of Artaxerxes II. (in every way favourable to Thebes) had been read, and the Thebans required the deputies of the other states to swear compliance with it, Lycomedes declared that the congress ought not to have been assembled at Thebes at all, but wherever the war was. To this the Thebans answered angrily that he was introducing discord to the destruction of the alliance, and Lycomedes then withdrew from the congress with his colleagues. (Xen. Hell. 7.1.39.) In B. C. 366, the loss of Oropus having exasperated the Athenians against their allies, who had with-held their aid when it was most needed, Lycomedes took advantage of the feeling to propose an alliance between Athens and Arcadia. The proposal was at first unfavourably received by the Athenians, as involving a breach of their connection with Sparta; but they afterwards consented to it on the ground that it was as much for the advantage of Lacedaemon as of Athens that Arcadia should be independent of Thebes. Lycomedes, on his return by sea from Athens, desired to be put on shore at a certain portion of the Peloponnesian coast, where there happened to be collected a number of Arcadian exiles; and by these he was murdered. (Xen. Hell. 7.4. §§ 2, 3.) [Callistratus, No. 3.]
3. A Rhodian, was appointed to command the Persian garrison placed in Mytilene by Autophradates and the younger Pharnabazus, in B. C. 333. In the ensuing year the Persian garrisons were dislodged from the islands in the Aegaean by Alexander's officer, Hegelochus. (Arr. Anab. 2.1, 3.2; Curt. 4.5.)
4. Priest of the goddess Enyo or Bellona at Comana, and sovereign, therefore, of the surrounding country. He was an adherent of Antony, and was deposed by Augustus after the battle of Actium, B. C. 30. (Strab. xii. p.558; D. C. 51.2; comp. App. Mith. 114.) [E.E]
(Λυκομήδης). A king of Scyros, an island in the Aegean Sea, son of Apollo and Parthenopé. He was secretly intrusted with the care of young Achilles, whom his mother Thetis had disguised in feminine attire to prevent his going to the Trojan War, where she knew he must perish. (See Achilles.) Lycomedes rendered himself infamous for his treachery to Theseus, who had implored his protection when driven from the throne of Athens by the usurper Mnestheus. Lycomedes, as it is reported, either envious of the fame of his illustrious guest, or bribed by the emissaries of Mnestheus, led Theseus to an elevated place on pretence of showing him the extent of his dominions, and perfidiously threw him down a precipice, where he was killed. According to another account, however, his fall was accidental ( Thes.; Pausan. i. 17; vii. 4; Apollod.iii. 13). See Theseus.
- one of founders of Megalopolis: Paus. 8.27.2
- distinguished in a sea-fight off Artemisium: Hdt. 8.11
- Paus. 1.17.6
- kills Theseus: Apollod. E.1.24
- youthful Achilles bred at the court of: Apollod. 3.13.7, Apollod. 3.13.8
- gives son of Achilles the name of Pyrrhus: Paus. 10.26.4
- allows Neoptolemus to go to Troy: Apollod. E.5.10
- Paus. 7.4.1
- Paus. 10.25.6