Teanum
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Teani Proper-name noun: neuter genitive singular of Teanum
- I Teanum Apulum, a town in Apulia, now Civitate, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 103; Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2; 7, 13, b, 7; id. Clu. 9, 27. — Hence, Tĕānenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Teanum, Liv. 9, 20, 4; called Tĕāni, ōrum, m., Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 104. —
- II Teanum Sidicinum, a town in Campania, now Teano, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63; Cic. Att. 8, 11, B, 2; Liv. 22, 57, 8; called simply Teanum, Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; id. Agr. 2, 31, 86; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 86.
- 1. ~ (Sidicīnum) stad in Campanië, nu Teano;
- 2. ~ (Apulum) stad in Apulië, nu ruïne v. Cività di Chiruti; — inw. Teānēnsēs, ium m.
TEA´NUM (Τέανον: Eth. Teanensis: Civitate), sometimes also called TEANUM APULUM (Cic. Clu. 9; Τέανον Ἄπουλον, Strab.: Eth. Teanenses' Apuli), to distinguish it from the Campanian city of the same name, was a city of Apulia, situated on the right bank of the river Frento (Fortore), about 12 miles from its mouth. It appears to have been one of the most considerable cities of Apulia before its conquest by the Romans; but its name is first mentioned in B.C. 318, when, in conjunction with Canusium, it submitted to the Roman consuls M. Foslius Flaccinator and L. Plautius Venno. (Liv. 9.20.) It is again noticed during the Second Punic War, when it was selected by the dictator M. Junius Pera as the place of his winter-quarters in Apulia. (Id. 23.24.) Cicero incidentally notices it as a municipal town, at the distance of 18 miles from Larinum (Cic. Clu. 9), and its name is found in all the geographers among the municipal towns of Apulia. (Strab. 6. p. 285; Mel. 2.4.6; Plin. Nat. 3.11. s. 16; Ptol. 3.1.72.) Its municipal rank is confirmed also by an inscription, as well as by the Liber Coloniarum, and it is clear that it never at. tained the rank of a colony. (Orell. Inscr. 140; Lib. Col. p. 210.) Its ruins still exist at a place called Civitate, near the remains of a Roman bridge (now called the Ponte di Civitate), over the Fortore, by which the ancient road from Larinum to Luceria crossed that river. The distance from the site of Larinum agrees with that stated by Cicero of 18 miles (the Tabula erroneously gives only 12), and the discovery of inscriptions on the spit leaves no doubt of the identification. Considerable remains of the walls are still extant, as well as fragments of other buildings. From these, as well as from an inscription in which we find mention of the Ordo splendidissimus Civitatis Theanensium,i t seems probable that it continued to be a flourishing town under the Roman Empire. The period of its final decay is uncertain, but it retained its episcopal see down to modern times. (Holsten. Not. ad Cluver. p. 279; Romanelli, vol. 2. p. 291; Mommsen, Inscr. R. N. p. 271.)
Strabo speaks of Teanum as situated at some distance inland from a lake, the name of which he does not mention, but which is clearly the Lacus Pantanus of Pliny, now called the Lago di Lesina. From an inscription found on its banks it appears that this was comprised within the territory of Teanum, which thus extended down to the sea (Romanelli, l. c.), though about 12 miles distant from the coast.
Several Italian topographers have assumed the existence of a city in Apulia of the name of Teate, distinct from Teanum (Giovenazzi, Sito di Aveja, p. 13; Romanelli, vol. 2. p. 286); but there seems no doubt that the two names are only different forms of the same, and that the Teates Apuli of Livy (Liv. 9.20) are in reality the people of Teanum. It is true that that writer mentions them as if they were distinct from the Teanenses whom he had mentioned just before; but it is probable that this arises merely from his having followed different annalists, and that both statements refer in fact to the same people, and are a repetition of the same occurrence. (Mommsen, Unter--Ital. Dialekt. p. 301.) In like manner the Teate mentioned in the Liber Coloniarum (p. 261) is evidently the same place called in an earlier part of the same document (p. 210) Teanum.
[E.H.B]TEA´NUM (Τέανον: Eth. Teanensis: Teano), sometimes called for distinction's sake TEANUM SIDICINUM (Liv. 22.57; Cic. ad Att. 8.1. 1; Plin. Nat. 3.5. s. 9; Τέανον Σιδικῖνον, Strab. 5. p. 237), an important city of Campania, situated in the interior of that province, on the Via Latina, between Cales and Casinum. (Strab. 5. p. 237.) It was therefore the frontier city of Campania, as that term was understood under the Roman Empire; but originally Teanum was not reckoned a Campanian city at all, but was the capital of the small independent tribe of the Sidicini. [SIDICINI] It was indeed the only place of importance that they possessed, so that Livy in more than one instance alludes to it, where he is speaking of that people, merely as their city,w ithout mentioning its name (Liv. 8.2, 17). Hence its history before the Roman conquest is identical with that of the people, which will be found in the article SIDICINI. The first mention of Teanum after the Roman conquest, is in B.C. 216, immediately after the battle of Cannae, when Marcellus sent forward a legion from Rome thither, evidently with the view of securing the line of the Via Latina. (Liv. 22.57.) A few years later, B.C. 211, it was selected as a place of confinement for a part of the senators of Capua, while they were awaiting their sentence from Rome; but the consul Fulvius, contrary to the opinion of his colleague App. Claudius, caused them all to be put to death without waiting for the decree of the senate. (Liv. 26.15.) From this time Teanum became an ordinary municipal town: it is incidentally mentioned as such on several occasions, and its position on the Via Latina doubtless contributed to its prosperity. A gross outrage offered to one of its municipal magistrates by the Roman consul, was noticed in one of the orations of C. Gracchus (ap. A. Gell. 10.3), and we learn from Cicero that it was in his time a flourishing and populous town. (Cic. de Leg. Agr. 2.3. 1, 35, ad. Att. 8.11, d.) Its name repeatedly occurs in the Social War and the contest between Sulla and Marius (Appian, App. BC 1.45, 85); and at a later period it was the place where the commanders of the legions in Italy held a kind of congress, with a view to bring about a reconciliation between Octavian and L. Antonius (Ib. 5.20). It was one of the cities whose territory the tribune Rullus proposed by his law to divide among the Roman people (Cic. l. c.); but this misfortune was averted. It subsequently, however, received a colony under Augustus (Lib. Col. p. 238; Plin. Nat. 3.5. s. 9), and seems to have retained its colonial rank under the Empire. (Mommsen, Inscr. R. N. 3989, 3999.) Strabo tells us that it was the largest and most populous town on the Via Latina, and the most considerable of the inland cities of Campania after Capua. (Strab. v. pp. 237, 248.) Inscriptions and existing remains confirm this account of its importance, but we hear little more of it under the Roman Empire. The Itineraries place it 16 miles from Casinum, and 18 from Venafrum: a cross road also struck off from Teanum to Allifae, Telesia, and Beneventum. (Itin. Ant. pp. 121, 304; Tab. Peut. ) Another branch also communicated with Suessa and Minturnae.
Teanum was not more than 5 miles from Cales: the point where the territories of the two cities joined was marked by two shrines or aediculae of Fortune, mentioned by Strabo, under the name of αἱ δύο Τύχαι (5. p. 249).
Teanum appears to have declined during the middle ages, and the modern city of Teano is a poor place, with only about 4000 inhabitants, though retaining its episcopal see. Many ruins of the ancient city are visible, though none of them of any great interest. They are situated below the modern city, which stands on a hill, and considerably nearer to Calvi (Cales). The most important are those of an amphitheatre and a theatre, situated near the Via Latina; but numerous remains of other buildings are found scattered over a considerable space, though for the most part in imperfect preservation. They are all constructed of brick, and in the reticulated style, and may therefore probably be all referred to the period of the Roman Empire. Numerous inscriptions have also been found, as well as coins, vases, intaglios, &c., all tending to confirm the account given by Strabo of its ancient prosperity. (Romanelli, vol. 3. p. 456; Hoare's Class. Tour, vol. i. pp. 249--264; Mommsen, Inscr. R. N. pp. 208, 209).
At a short distance from Teano are some mineral springs, now called Le Caldarelle, which are evidently the same with the aquae acidulae,m entioned both by Pliny and Vitruvius as existing near Teanum. (Plin. Nat. 31.2. s. 5; Vitr. 8.3.17.) The remains of some ancient buildings, called Il Bagno Nuovo, are still visible on the spot. COIN OF TEANUM SIDICINUM.
[E.H.B](1) Apŭlum (now Ponte Rotto). A town of Apulia, on the river Frento and the confines of the Frentani, eighteen miles from Larinum.
(2) Sidicīnum (now Teano), an important town of Campania, and the capital of the Sidicini, situated on the northern slope of Mount Massicus and on the Via Praenestina, six miles west of Cales.