under
under
adv.
P. and V. κά̆τω, V. ἔνερθε(ν), νέρθε(ν).
From under: P. and V. κά̆τωθεν.
Be or lie under: P. and V. ὑπεῖναι.
Adjectivally, inferior to: P. and V. ἥσσων (gen.), ὕστερος (gen.).
Subject to: P. and V. ὑ̆πήκοος (gen. or dat.), ὑ̆ποχείριος (dat.), V. χείριος (absol.).
Keep under, subdue, v.: P. and V. χειροῦσθαι; see subdue.
The underworld: P. and V. ᾍδης, ὁ, or use P. and V. οἱ κά̆τω, οἱ κά̆τωθεν, V. οἱ ἔνερθε, οἱ νέρτεροι, οἱ ἐνέρτεροι, οἱ κᾰτὰ χθονός ; see under world.
From the underworld: P. and V. κά̆τωθεν, V. ἔνερθε(ν), νέρθε(ν).
In the underworld: P. and V. κά̆τω, ἐκεῖ, ἐν ᾍδου, V. νέρθε(ν), ἔνερθε(ν).
Of the underworld, adj.: P. and V. χθόνιος (Plat. but rare P.), V. νέρτερος.
To the underworld: P. and V. εἰς ᾍδου, ἐκεῖσε.
adv.
P. and V. κά̆τω, V. ἔνερθε(ν), νέρθε(ν).
From under: P. and V. κά̆τωθεν.
Be or lie under: P. and V. ὑπεῖναι.
Adjectivally, inferior to: P. and V. ἥσσων (gen.), ὕστερος (gen.).
Subject to: P. and V. ὑ̆πήκοος (gen. or dat.), ὑ̆ποχείριος (dat.), V. χείριος (absol.).
Keep under, subdue, v.: P. and V. χειροῦσθαι; see subdue.
The underworld: P. and V. ᾍδης, ὁ, or use P. and V. οἱ κά̆τω, οἱ κά̆τωθεν, V. οἱ ἔνερθε, οἱ νέρτεροι, οἱ ἐνέρτεροι, οἱ κᾰτὰ χθονός ; see under world.
From the underworld: P. and V. κά̆τωθεν, V. ἔνερθε(ν), νέρθε(ν).
In the underworld: P. and V. κά̆τω, ἐκεῖ, ἐν ᾍδου, V. νέρθε(ν), ἔνερθε(ν).
Of the underworld, adj.: P. and V. χθόνιος (Plat. but rare P.), V. νέρτερος.
To the underworld: P. and V. εἰς ᾍδου, ἐκεῖσε.
under
prep.
Of motion under: Ar. and P. ὑ̆πό (acc.).
Of rest: P. and V. ὑ̆πό (gen. or dat., but dat. rare in P.).
Of subjection: P. and V. ὑ̆πό (dat.).
Below: P. and V. ὑ̆πό (gen.), Ar. and P. ὑ̆πένερθε (gen.), V. ἔνερθε(ν) (gen.), νέρθε(ν) (gen.), κά̆τω (gen.).
In accordance with: P. and V. κᾰτά̆ (acc.).
I am not amenable to the laws under which I was summarily arrested: P. καθʼ οὓς ἀπήχθην οὐκ ἔνοχός εἰμι τοῖς νόμοις (Antipho. 139, 27).
Under a name: P. ἐπʼ ὀνόματος.
To abide by the name under which he adopted you: P. μένειν ἐφʼ οὗ σὲ ἐποιήσατο ὀνόματος (Dem. 1003).
Under arms: P. and V. ἐν ὅπλοις.
Under fire, be under fire: use P. and V. βάλλεσθαι (lit., be shot at).
Under ground: P. ὑπὸ γῆς, V. ὑ̆πὸ χθονός, κᾰτὰ χθονός, κά̆τω γῆς, κά̆τω χθονός, Ar. κᾰτὰ̆ τῆς γῆς (Pl. 238).
Under sentence: use condemned.Under way, get under way, v.: P. and V. ἀ̆παίρειν, αἴρειν (V. in mid.); see set sail.
prep.
Of motion under: Ar. and P. ὑ̆πό (acc.).
Of rest: P. and V. ὑ̆πό (gen. or dat., but dat. rare in P.).
Of subjection: P. and V. ὑ̆πό (dat.).
Below: P. and V. ὑ̆πό (gen.), Ar. and P. ὑ̆πένερθε (gen.), V. ἔνερθε(ν) (gen.), νέρθε(ν) (gen.), κά̆τω (gen.).
In accordance with: P. and V. κᾰτά̆ (acc.).
I am not amenable to the laws under which I was summarily arrested: P. καθʼ οὓς ἀπήχθην οὐκ ἔνοχός εἰμι τοῖς νόμοις (Antipho. 139, 27).
Under a name: P. ἐπʼ ὀνόματος.
To abide by the name under which he adopted you: P. μένειν ἐφʼ οὗ σὲ ἐποιήσατο ὀνόματος (Dem. 1003).
Under arms: P. and V. ἐν ὅπλοις.
Under fire, be under fire: use P. and V. βάλλεσθαι (lit., be shot at).
Under ground: P. ὑπὸ γῆς, V. ὑ̆πὸ χθονός, κᾰτὰ χθονός, κά̆τω γῆς, κά̆τω χθονός, Ar. κᾰτὰ̆ τῆς γῆς (Pl. 238).
Under sentence: use condemned.Under way, get under way, v.: P. and V. ἀ̆παίρειν, αἴρειν (V. in mid.); see set sail.
UNDER
sub; (1) with ablative in answer to where? (a) with reference to something extended over and covering an object. Under the earth sub terra: under a shabby cloak sub palliolo sordido (Cic.); or (b) with reference to what is elevated high above or by an object sub muro consistere: sub monte considere: so figuratively sub oculis alicujus esse (Liv.). ImPROP. sub armis esse habere (under arms): (2) with accusative in answer to whither? hence under the earth water etc. will take accusative after verbs of motion. [Liv. has sub terra viri demissi sunt in locum saxo conseptum; here the state that follows is dwelt upon rather than the act. Key’s Gramm. p. 336.] (a) Beneath the lower side of anything sub terras ire (Verg.): (b) with reference to the lower part of an elevated object sub ipsa moenia progressus (Tac.); missus sub muros (Liv.); sub montem succedere (Caes.); and so sub oculos cadere venire: (3) with both cases also IMPROP. in the sense of subjection dependence subordination etc.; under his command hujus sub imperio; so sub Hannibale magistro; quaedam sub eo [Tito] fortuita ac tristia acciderunt (Suet.): so under the pretence sub titulo [aequandarum legum Liv.]; sub specie [liberandarum civitatium Liv.]: under a condition sub conditioner: under the condition sub ea conditione [ut ne etc.; e.g. ut ne quid...scriberet]: under these conditions sub conditionibus his (Liv.): under penalty of death sub poena mortis (e.g. denuntiare aliquid Suet.). So with accusative after verbs implying motion. To fall under the power of the laws sub potestatem legum cadere (Cic.): to fall under the dominion of the Roman people sub populi Romani imperium cadere (Cic.): to reduce under the power of the Athenians sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere (Nep.); so sub legis vincula aliquid conjicere (Liv. Vid: Krüger in voce Sub): subter (beneath under with accusative or ablative mostly the former: subter radices Alpium; virtus omnia subter se habet; cupiditatem subter praecordia locare Cic.): infra (below beneath: infra lunam nihil nisi mortale). In a few combinations in is used (e.g. to walk under the shade of plane-trees in umbra platanorum ambulare); and ☞ in references to lexicographers scholiasts etc. “under the word μίτρα ” etc. must be in (not sub) voce μίτρα (Frotsch. ad Muret. 1 p. 244). To leave anything concealed under his garment aliquid veste tectum tenere: under anybody Vid: sub above: under anybody’s guidance aliquo duce: to fight under a general sub aliquo militare: to be under the laws legibus obnoxium esse: under anybody’s auspices auspiciis (☞ not sub auspiciis) alicujus: to have a horse shot undeer one equum acie sub feminibus amittere: under these circumstances his rebus; quae cum ita sint (essent etc.) in hoc (or in tali) tempore (= in this so critical a time: here in must be expressed): to be under (= below) anybody infra aliquem esse: inferiorem aliquo esse.
With reference to time. Under so many (e.g. 30) years old (1) minor triginta annis (Liv. 22 11): (2) minor triginta annis natu (Cic. Verr. 2 49 122): (3) minor triginta annos natus ( Nep. 23 3): (4) minores ... octonum denum annorum (Liv. 38 38). Other forms are minor (triginta) annis: nondum (triginta) annos natus: (tricesimum) annum nondum egressus. Not to be able to arrive under seven days intra septem dies venire non posse: not to be able to sell anything under minori pretio aliquid non vendere. All agreed that the number of Carthaginian cavalry was not under two hundred constabat non minus ducentos Carthaginienses equites fuisse (Liv.): under thirty days minus triginta diebus (e.g. reversum esse). ☞ “Under” is sometimes translated by sub- the inseparable preposition of a verb; e.g. to lie under subjacere: to place under supponere subjicere: to be under subesse: to spread under substernere. To place ducks’ eggs under hens anatum ova gallinis supponere (Varr.; also supponere colla oneri olivam prelo etc.): corn is placed immediately under the roof tiles frumentum tegulis subjacet (so monti subjacere Plin.): to bt under the power of fortune or chance subjectum esse sub fortunae dominationem. To include anything under another (of logical subdivisions the meaning of words etc.) subjicere or supponere aliquid alicui rei (e.g. species quae sunt generi subjectae; quatuor partes quae subjiciuntur vocabulo recti; huic generi partes quatuor supposuit Cic.): to reduce cities under the Roman power urbes sub imperium populi Romani ditionemque subjungere (☞ novas provincias imperio nostro subjunxit Velleius 2 39 at the end.). For “to be under sail ” “to tread under foot ” etc. Vid: the substantives.
sub; (1) with ablative in answer to where? (a) with reference to something extended over and covering an object. Under the earth sub terra: under a shabby cloak sub palliolo sordido (Cic.); or (b) with reference to what is elevated high above or by an object sub muro consistere: sub monte considere: so figuratively sub oculis alicujus esse (Liv.). ImPROP. sub armis esse habere (under arms): (2) with accusative in answer to whither? hence under the earth water etc. will take accusative after verbs of motion. [Liv. has sub terra viri demissi sunt in locum saxo conseptum; here the state that follows is dwelt upon rather than the act. Key’s Gramm. p. 336.] (a) Beneath the lower side of anything sub terras ire (Verg.): (b) with reference to the lower part of an elevated object sub ipsa moenia progressus (Tac.); missus sub muros (Liv.); sub montem succedere (Caes.); and so sub oculos cadere venire: (3) with both cases also IMPROP. in the sense of subjection dependence subordination etc.; under his command hujus sub imperio; so sub Hannibale magistro; quaedam sub eo [Tito] fortuita ac tristia acciderunt (Suet.): so under the pretence sub titulo [aequandarum legum Liv.]; sub specie [liberandarum civitatium Liv.]: under a condition sub conditioner: under the condition sub ea conditione [ut ne etc.; e.g. ut ne quid...scriberet]: under these conditions sub conditionibus his (Liv.): under penalty of death sub poena mortis (e.g. denuntiare aliquid Suet.). So with accusative after verbs implying motion. To fall under the power of the laws sub potestatem legum cadere (Cic.): to fall under the dominion of the Roman people sub populi Romani imperium cadere (Cic.): to reduce under the power of the Athenians sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere (Nep.); so sub legis vincula aliquid conjicere (Liv. Vid: Krüger in voce Sub): subter (beneath under with accusative or ablative mostly the former: subter radices Alpium; virtus omnia subter se habet; cupiditatem subter praecordia locare Cic.): infra (below beneath: infra lunam nihil nisi mortale). In a few combinations in is used (e.g. to walk under the shade of plane-trees in umbra platanorum ambulare); and ☞ in references to lexicographers scholiasts etc. “under the word μίτρα ” etc. must be in (not sub) voce μίτρα (Frotsch. ad Muret. 1 p. 244). To leave anything concealed under his garment aliquid veste tectum tenere: under anybody Vid: sub above: under anybody’s guidance aliquo duce: to fight under a general sub aliquo militare: to be under the laws legibus obnoxium esse: under anybody’s auspices auspiciis (☞ not sub auspiciis) alicujus: to have a horse shot undeer one equum acie sub feminibus amittere: under these circumstances his rebus; quae cum ita sint (essent etc.) in hoc (or in tali) tempore (= in this so critical a time: here in must be expressed): to be under (= below) anybody infra aliquem esse: inferiorem aliquo esse.
With reference to time. Under so many (e.g. 30) years old (1) minor triginta annis (Liv. 22 11): (2) minor triginta annis natu (Cic. Verr. 2 49 122): (3) minor triginta annos natus ( Nep. 23 3): (4) minores ... octonum denum annorum (Liv. 38 38). Other forms are minor (triginta) annis: nondum (triginta) annos natus: (tricesimum) annum nondum egressus. Not to be able to arrive under seven days intra septem dies venire non posse: not to be able to sell anything under minori pretio aliquid non vendere. All agreed that the number of Carthaginian cavalry was not under two hundred constabat non minus ducentos Carthaginienses equites fuisse (Liv.): under thirty days minus triginta diebus (e.g. reversum esse). ☞ “Under” is sometimes translated by sub- the inseparable preposition of a verb; e.g. to lie under subjacere: to place under supponere subjicere: to be under subesse: to spread under substernere. To place ducks’ eggs under hens anatum ova gallinis supponere (Varr.; also supponere colla oneri olivam prelo etc.): corn is placed immediately under the roof tiles frumentum tegulis subjacet (so monti subjacere Plin.): to bt under the power of fortune or chance subjectum esse sub fortunae dominationem. To include anything under another (of logical subdivisions the meaning of words etc.) subjicere or supponere aliquid alicui rei (e.g. species quae sunt generi subjectae; quatuor partes quae subjiciuntur vocabulo recti; huic generi partes quatuor supposuit Cic.): to reduce cities under the Roman power urbes sub imperium populi Romani ditionemque subjungere (☞ novas provincias imperio nostro subjunxit Velleius 2 39 at the end.). For “to be under sail ” “to tread under foot ” etc. Vid: the substantives.
(as adjective) inferior etc. Sometimes by secundus; sub- in composition (e.g. suppromus). The under lip labrum inferius.
under (prep.): both in local and fig. sense:
A. expr. by a prep.:
1. sŭb: (a) with abl. of obj.: u. the earth, s. terra, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95: u. the shade, s. umbra, Hor. Od. 1, 17, 22: u. the sky (in the open air), s. divo, ib. 2, 3, 23: s. Jove, ib. 1, 1, 25: u. command, s. imperio, Nep. Eum. 7: u. Hannibal, s. Hannibale, Liv. 25, 40: u. arms, ib. 9, 37: u. penalty of death, s. poena mortis, Suet. Cal. 48: u. the semblance, s. imagine, Virg. Aen. 6, 293: u. the eyes of a master, s. oculis domini, Caes. B. C. 1, 57: u. that condition, s. ea conditione, Cic. Arch. 10, 25: u. pretence, s. specie, Just. 1, 5. (b) with acc. of obj. implying motion towards: to drive u. the earth, s. terras ago, Virg. Georg. 4, 52: sent u. the yoke, s. jugum missus, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: to hurry u. (into) the open air, s. divum rapio, Hor. Od. 1, 18, 13: go u. their authority and title, ite sub imperium sub titulumque, Tib. 2, 4, 54: to fall u. the eyes (one's notice), s. oculos cado, Cic. Or. 3, 9: to reduce u. the power of the Athenians, s. potestatem Atheniensium redigo, Nep. Milt. 1: to come close u. (up to) the mountain, s. montem succedo, Caes. B. C. 1, 45. ForSUB , in sense of approximate time or place, see Smith's Lat. Dict. (SUB , B.).
2. subter: (a) with abl.: u. cover of the shields, s. testudine, Virg. Aen. 9, 514. (b) with acc.: u. the bosom, s. praecordia, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20: u. (towards) the caverns, s. cavernas, Ov. Met. 5, 502.
3. ĭn: (a) with abl. nearly in same sense as in or within: u. (or in) the shade, in umbra, Virg. Ecl. 1, 4: Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50: I place u. the same class, in eodem genere pono, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 30: u. arms, in armis, Caes. B. G. 1, 49 (see also above, 1, and below). (b) with acc. nearly in same sense as into or among: to come u. a class, in numerum venio, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 115. So also with refero, id. Div. 2, 2, 4: adscribo: id. Phil. 2, 14, 34.
4. intrā (within): with a weapon hidden u. his garment, abdito intra vestem ferro, Liv. 2, 12.
5. pĕr (by means of): u. a pretence of friendship, per simulationem amicitiae, Cic. Quir. Red. 8, 21: u. a show of making peace, per speciem reconciliandae pacis, Liv. 42, 52: u. cover of darkness (absence of moonlight), per amica silentia lunae, Virg. Aen. 2, 255.
B. expr. by abl. without prep. or by abl. abs.: u. the central dome of the temple, media testudine templi, Virg. Aen. 1, 505: u. thy guidance, te duce, Hor. Od. 1, 6, 4: dis ducibus, Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 22: u. an appearance of favour, specie beneficii, Liv. 41, 23: u. that condition, ea conditione, Cic. Att. 15, 1, 1: u. the disguise of shepherds, pastorum habitu, Liv. 9, 2: (a letter) u. his own hand, suo chirographo, Cic. Fam. 10, 21: see below. Phr.: u. arms, armatus, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60: Liv. 27, 13: see above, A., 1 and 3: a document u. your own hand and seal, signatus a te libellus, Cic. Att. 11, 1: see above, B.: u. sail, passis velis, id. Tusc. 1, 49, 118: to come u. name of, nomen occupo, Hor. Od. 4, 9, 46: to be u. an idea, v.TO SUPPOSE : u. these circumstances, quae quum ita sint, Cic. Rab. 2, 5: quod quum ita sit, id. Att. 14, 17: to labour u. a load of debt, premor aere alieno, id. Cat. 2, 9, 19: v. TO PRESS , TO OPPRESS : to hide good u. evils, bonum malis abdo: Tib. 2, 4, 36: v. TO HIDE , TO COVER .--For under in combination with verbs signifying TO PLACE , TO SET , TO TRAMPLE , TO LIE . etc., v. TO PLACE , TO SET , etc.
A. expr. by a prep.:
1. sŭb: (a) with abl. of obj.: u. the earth, s. terra, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95: u. the shade, s. umbra, Hor. Od. 1, 17, 22: u. the sky (in the open air), s. divo, ib. 2, 3, 23: s. Jove, ib. 1, 1, 25: u. command, s. imperio, Nep. Eum. 7: u. Hannibal, s. Hannibale, Liv. 25, 40: u. arms, ib. 9, 37: u. penalty of death, s. poena mortis, Suet. Cal. 48: u. the semblance, s. imagine, Virg. Aen. 6, 293: u. the eyes of a master, s. oculis domini, Caes. B. C. 1, 57: u. that condition, s. ea conditione, Cic. Arch. 10, 25: u. pretence, s. specie, Just. 1, 5. (b) with acc. of obj. implying motion towards: to drive u. the earth, s. terras ago, Virg. Georg. 4, 52: sent u. the yoke, s. jugum missus, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: to hurry u. (into) the open air, s. divum rapio, Hor. Od. 1, 18, 13: go u. their authority and title, ite sub imperium sub titulumque, Tib. 2, 4, 54: to fall u. the eyes (one's notice), s. oculos cado, Cic. Or. 3, 9: to reduce u. the power of the Athenians, s. potestatem Atheniensium redigo, Nep. Milt. 1: to come close u. (up to) the mountain, s. montem succedo, Caes. B. C. 1, 45. For
2. subter: (a) with abl.: u. cover of the shields, s. testudine, Virg. Aen. 9, 514. (b) with acc.: u. the bosom, s. praecordia, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20: u. (towards) the caverns, s. cavernas, Ov. Met. 5, 502.
3. ĭn: (a) with abl. nearly in same sense as in or within: u. (
4. intrā (within): with a weapon hidden u. his garment, abdito intra vestem ferro, Liv. 2, 12.
5. pĕr (by means of): u. a pretence of friendship, per simulationem amicitiae, Cic. Quir. Red. 8, 21: u. a show of making peace, per speciem reconciliandae pacis, Liv. 42, 52: u. cover of darkness (absence of moonlight), per amica silentia lunae, Virg. Aen. 2, 255.
B. expr. by abl. without prep. or by abl. abs.: u. the central dome of the temple, media testudine templi, Virg. Aen. 1, 505: u. thy guidance, te duce, Hor. Od. 1, 6, 4: dis ducibus, Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 22: u. an appearance of favour, specie beneficii, Liv. 41, 23: u. that condition, ea conditione, Cic. Att. 15, 1, 1: u. the disguise of shepherds, pastorum habitu, Liv. 9, 2: (a letter) u. his own hand, suo chirographo, Cic. Fam. 10, 21: see below. Phr.: u. arms, armatus, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60: Liv. 27, 13: see above, A., 1 and 3: a document u. your own hand and seal, signatus a te libellus, Cic. Att. 11, 1: see above, B.: u. sail, passis velis, id. Tusc. 1, 49, 118: to come u. name of, nomen occupo, Hor. Od. 4, 9, 46: to be u. an idea, v.
under, in age, number, size, etc.:
1. mĭnor, v.LESS .
2. intrā: from u. 100 up to ..., intra centum usque ad ..., Liv. 1, 43.
3. infrā: not u. 9 eggs at a time, non i. novena (ova), Plin. 18, 26, 62. Phr.: it is u. 100 years since ... nondum centum et decem anni sunt, quum ...: Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.
1. mĭnor, v.
2. intrā: from u. 100 up to ..., intra centum usque ad ..., Liv. 1, 43.
3. infrā: not u. 9 eggs at a time, non i. novena (ova), Plin. 18, 26, 62. Phr.: it is u. 100 years since ... nondum centum et decem anni sunt, quum ...: Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.