until
until
conj. and prep.
See till.
conj. and prep.
See till.
UNTIL
conj. dum: donec (in this sense very rare in Cic.; not found in Caes. Freund): quoad (with reference to the mood the subjunctive is used when there is any closer connection between the principal and accessory clauses than that of defining the time; i.e. when the event up to which anything lasted or before which it did not occur or did not cease was an object aimed at desired conceived possible or pointed out generally as an indefinite future event. Hand says the subjunctive is used when the force might be given by “no longer than till ” non diutius quam or “not before ” non prius quam. The subjunctive is most commonly used in present imperfect or pluperfect; the indicative in the perfect or future perfect; ☞ Pr. Intr. ii 641-645 656 657 667. The continuance is more strongly marked out by adding usque eo or eo usque in the principal clause; sometimes usque ad eum finem [dum Cic.]).
conj. dum: donec (in this sense very rare in Cic.; not found in Caes. Freund): quoad (with reference to the mood the subjunctive is used when there is any closer connection between the principal and accessory clauses than that of defining the time; i.e. when the event up to which anything lasted or before which it did not occur or did not cease was an object aimed at desired conceived possible or pointed out generally as an indefinite future event. Hand says the subjunctive is used when the force might be given by “no longer than till ” non diutius quam or “not before ” non prius quam. The subjunctive is most commonly used in present imperfect or pluperfect; the indicative in the perfect or future perfect; ☞ Pr. Intr. ii 641-645 656 657 667. The continuance is more strongly marked out by adding usque eo or eo usque in the principal clause; sometimes usque ad eum finem [dum Cic.]).
preposition (of time): until the present moment adhuc: usque ad hunc diem (until this day): until to-morrow in crastinum: until late at night ad multam noctem: until daylight ad lucem: until the evening ad vesperum.
until (conj.):
1. dum: with indic. if mere succession in time is indicated: e. g. that bargain remained in force u. the judges were rejected, ea redemptio mansit dum judices rejecti sunt, Cic. Verr. Act. 1, 6, 16: u. I return, dum redeo, Virg. Ecl. 9, 23: with subj. when there is an idea of purpose: e. g. let them put it off to another time, u. their anger has subsided, differant in aliud tempus dum defervescat ira, id. Tusc. 4, 36, 78: Caesar, however, always uses the subj.
2. dōnĕc (rare in Cic.: not in Caes. or Sall.): same construction as dum: Livy, however, and Tacitus occasionally use the subj. when speaking of facts.
3. quŏăd: with ind. or subj. according as it refers to actual fact or not: cf. (with subj.) Caes. B. G. 5, 24: Cic. Fam. 4, 3: (with indic.) u. the citadel was given up, quoad dedita arx est, Liv. 26, 46: usque eo- q., Cic. Deiot. 4, 11.
4. quŏădusque: with indic., Suet. Caes. 14.
5. usque dum: Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 12: Plaut.
6. adeo usque dum; Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10. The idea of the continuance of action up to the specified limit is enforced by adding to the principal clause usque ad eum finem before dum, cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 51, fin.: usque eo, usque adeo before quoad: Cic.; before donec: Plaut.: u. now, usque adhuc, Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 21: u. what time? quousque? v.HOW LONG . For construction, v. L. G. §§ 496-499.
1. dum: with indic. if mere succession in time is indicated: e. g. that bargain remained in force u. the judges were rejected, ea redemptio mansit dum judices rejecti sunt, Cic. Verr. Act. 1, 6, 16: u. I return, dum redeo, Virg. Ecl. 9, 23: with subj. when there is an idea of purpose: e. g. let them put it off to another time, u. their anger has subsided, differant in aliud tempus dum defervescat ira, id. Tusc. 4, 36, 78: Caesar, however, always uses the subj.
2. dōnĕc (rare in Cic.: not in Caes. or Sall.): same construction as dum: Livy, however, and Tacitus occasionally use the subj. when speaking of facts.
3. quŏăd: with ind. or subj. according as it refers to actual fact or not: cf. (with subj.) Caes. B. G. 5, 24: Cic. Fam. 4, 3: (with indic.) u. the citadel was given up, quoad dedita arx est, Liv. 26, 46: usque eo- q., Cic. Deiot. 4, 11.
4. quŏădusque: with indic., Suet. Caes. 14.
5. usque dum: Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 12: Plaut.
6. adeo usque dum; Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10. The idea of the continuance of action up to the specified limit is enforced by adding to the principal clause usque ad eum finem before dum, cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 51, fin.: usque eo, usque adeo before quoad: Cic.; before donec: Plaut.: u. now, usque adhuc, Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 21: u. what time? quousque? v.
until (prep.):
1. ăd (with or without usque): u. his return, ad reditum suum, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82: from about ten o'clock u. sunset, ab hora fere quarta usque ad solis occasum, Caes. B. G. 3, 15: u. late at night, ad multam noctem, ib. 1, 26: from morning u. evening, a mane usque ad vesperam, Suet. Cal. 18: u. dawn, ad lucem, Liv. 3, 28.
2. ĭn: he will sleep u. broad day, dormiet in lucem, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34: he spoke u. night, dixit in noctem, Plin. Ep. 4, 9. Esp. to put off u., differre in ...: e. g. to put off u. to-morrow, in crastinum d., Cic. de Or. 2, 90, fin.: v.PUT (OFF) .
1. ăd (with or without usque): u. his return, ad reditum suum, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82: from about ten o'clock u. sunset, ab hora fere quarta usque ad solis occasum, Caes. B. G. 3, 15: u. late at night, ad multam noctem, ib. 1, 26: from morning u. evening, a mane usque ad vesperam, Suet. Cal. 18: u. dawn, ad lucem, Liv. 3, 28.
2. ĭn: he will sleep u. broad day, dormiet in lucem, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34: he spoke u. night, dixit in noctem, Plin. Ep. 4, 9. Esp. to put off u., differre in ...: e. g. to put off u. to-morrow, in crastinum d., Cic. de Or. 2, 90, fin.: v.