tropaeum

tropaeum , ī, n.: a memorial of the turning (cf. τρέπειν, to turn) or rout of an enemy; the trunk of a tree on which were hung the arms or spoils of an enemy slain; any memento of victory; a trophy.

trŏpaeum or trŏphaeum, i, n., = τροπαιον.

• Lit., a sign and memorial of victory, a trophy; orig. a trunk of a tree, on which were fixed the arms, shields, helmets, etc., taken from the enemy; afterwards made of stone and ornamented in the same manner, Cic. Pis. 38, 92: statuere, id. Inv. 2, 23, 69: devictis Hispanis tropaea in jugis constituit, Sall. H. 4, 29 Dietsch: in modum tropaeorum arma imposuit, Tac. A. 2, 18 fin.: sistere Romae tropaea de Parthis, id. ib. 15, 18; Suet. Caes. 11; id. Claud. 1; id. Calig. 45; Verg. A. 11, 7; Val. Fl. 4, 379; Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3; 2, 2, 3.—
• II Transf.
• • A A victory: nova Cantemus Augusti tropaea Caesaris, Hor. C. 2, 9, 19: tulit e capto nota tropaea viro, Ov. H. 9, 104; 17, 242; id. R. Am. 158: victoria, quae cum Marathonio possit compararitropaeo, Nep. Them. 5, 3; cf.: nostra sunt tropaea, nostra monimenta, nostri triumphi, Cic. Arch. 9, 21; Val. Max. 8, 14, ext. 1. —
  • B A mark, token, sign, memorial, monument: tropaeum necessitudinis atque hospitii, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115: Maecenatis erunt vera tropaea fides, Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 34.

tropaeum, ī, n. (τρόπαιον od. τροπαῖον), das anfangs aus einem abgestutzten und mit den erbeuteten Waffen behängten Baume, später aus Stein errichtete Siegeszeichen, die Trophäe (s. Verg. Aen. 11, 5 sqq. Flor. 3, 2, 6), I) eig. u. meton.: A) eig.: tropaeum statuere od. ponere, errichten, Cic. u.a.: tropaeum aliquod in finibus statuere victoriae, Cic.: in alio quodammodo orbe tropaea statuere, Curt.: tropaea C. Marii de Iugurtha etc. restituit, Suet. – B) meton., die Trophäe = der Sieg, Salaminium, Cic.: Marathonium, Nep.: Augusti tropaea Caesaris, Hor.: tulit e capto nota tropaea viro, Ov. – II) übtr., die Trophäe = das Denkmal, necessitudinis atque hospitii; Cic.: ingenii, Ov.: Maecenatis erunt vera tropaea fides, Prop. – ➳ In den Handschrn. ist trophaeum (trophēum) oft Variante u. scheint im späteren Latein üblich geworden zu sein, zB. trophaeum, Vulg. 2. Mach. 5, 6 u. 15, 6; aber in den Ausgaben der Klassiker überall tropaeum gegen Fleckeisens Vorschrift in den N. Jahrbb. 101, 458; tropheum, Iul. Val. 3, 28. p. 141 (b) ed. Paris.; ebenso tropaeum in Inschrn., zB. Const. veteran. 18 im Corp. inscr. Lat. 3. p. 856 ext. 22 u. p. 857. ext. 27.

tropaeum [CL < τρόπαιον], trophaeum, trophy, memorial or sign of victory (also fig.); b (of cross, used in signature). c (transf.) victory, triumph. sic diversis cruciatibus torti sunt ‥ ut absque cunctamine gloriosi in egregiis Jerusalem veluti portis martyrii sui trophaea defigerent Gildas EB 11; bellorum suorum tropaea ‥ ad posteritatis memoriam construxit Lib. Monstr. I 12; vocatur locus ille ‥ Hefenfelth ‥ significans ‥ quod ibidem caeleste [foret] erigendum tropaeum, caelestis inchoanda victoria Bede HE II p. 129; attolluntur gemmis et auro radiantia Christi trophaea, cruces auree et fulgida vexilla Gosc. Transl. Mild. 16; navem aureis rostratam draconibus fastigio Sancte Sophie pro tropheo affixit W. Malm. GR V 410; martyrii tropheum sitiens collum protendit Ib. V 439; victoria, palma, tropheum, laurea Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 75; filius suus ‥ cum capite ipsius triumphator abcedit. redit Raso cum suis letissima trophea referens Map NC III 4 f. 42.  b 842 almi trophei signaculum impressi CS 438; 931 ego Wlfhelm ‥ regis donationem cum thropheo agyae crucis confirmavi Reg. Malm. I 306; 933 ego Ƿulfhelm ‥ regis largitatem cum tropheo sancte crucis consignavi CS 694.  c ut ‥ quantae valitudinis erat [sic] post obitum suum per plurima miraculorum trophea monstraretur Felix Guthl. 53 p. 168; inde conferret vitam nobis unde demon mortem intulit, inde tropheum unde supplicium Lantfr. Swith. pref.; non ‥ contentus fuit predives Retributor ille bonorum militis sui insignissimi tropheum regis solummodo Anglie obsequiis adornari, nam et meritis ejus hic honos impar extitisset Ad. Eyns. Hug. V 17; tetigisse feretrum palma suprema fuit. quibus id negabatur ‥ vel eminus adorasse et conspexisse non vile tropheum ducebatur Ib. V 19.

tropæum, (10) ī, n. (τρόπαιον), ¶ 1 trophée [primit^t un arbre abattu et élagué auquel on suspendait les armes des vaincus, cf. Virg. En. 11, 5 ; puis un monument élevé sur le champ de bataille] : Cic. Pis. 92 ; Sall. H. 4, 29 ¶ 2 victoire, triomphe : Hor. O. 2, 9, 19 ; Ov. H. 9, 104 ¶ 3 [métaph.] monument, souvenir, trophée : Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 115 ; Prop. 3, 9, 34.

tropaeum , i. n.
花紅。奪之軍裝。得勝記碑。

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tropaeum ī, n

• , τρόπαιον, a memorial of victory, trophy (orig. a tree hung with spoils): tropaeum statuere: quercum Constituit . . . tibi, tropaeum, V.—A victory: nova tropaea Caesaris, H.: tulit e capto nota tropaea viro, O.: Marathonium, N.: nostra sunt tropaea, nostri triumphi.—A mark, token, sign, memorial, monument: necessitudinis atque hospiti.

TROPAEUM

TROPAEUM(τρόπαιον), a trophy, a sign and memorial of victory, which was erected on the field of battle where the enemy had turned (τρέπω, τροπή) to flight, and, in case of a victory gained at sea, on the nearest land. The expression for raising or erecting a trophy is τροπαῖον στῆσαι or στήσασθαι, to which may be added a genitive with or without ἀπὸ or κατά. The trophy was often left standing for a number of years (see Thuc. 4.67, 5.10-Z2; and the passages of Pausanias cited below).

When the battle was not decisive, or each party considered it had some claims to the victory, both erected trophies (Thucyd. 1.54, 105; 2.92). Trophies usually consisted of the arms, shields, helmets, &c., of the enemy that were defeated; and from the descriptions of Virgil and other Roman poets, which have reference to the Greek rather than to the Roman custom, it appears that the spoils and arms of the vanquished were placed on the lopped trunk of a tree, which was fixed on an elevation (Verg. A. 11.5; Serv. ad loc.; Lucan (Luc. 1.135; Stat. Theb. 3.707; Juven. 10.133; Mayor ad loc.). It was consecrated to some divinity with an inscription (ἐπίγραμμα), recording the names of the victors and of the defeated party (Eurip. Phoen. 583; Schol. ad loc.; Paus. 5.27.7; Verg. A. 3.288; Ovid, As. Am. 2.744;

Tac. Ann. 2.22); whence trophies were regarded as inviolable, which even the enemy were not permitted to remove (Dio Cass.). Sometimes, however, a people destroyed a trophy, if they considered that the enemy had erected it without sufficient cause, as the Milesians did with a trophy of the Athenians (Thucyd. 8.24). That rankling and hostile feelings might not be perpetuated by the continuance of a trophy, it seems to have been originally part of Greek international law that trophies should be made only of wood and not of stone or metal, and that they should not be repaired when decayed (Plut. Quaest. Rom. 100.37, p. 273 c; Diod. 13.24). Hence we are told that the Lacedaemonians accused the Thebans before the Amphictyonic council, because the latter had erected a metal trophy (Cic. de Invent. 2.2. 3, 69). It was not, however, uncommon to erect such trophies. Plutarch (Plut. Alc. 29, p. 207 d) mentions one raised in the time of Alcibiades, and Pausanias (Paus. 2.21.9; 3.14.7-Z3; 5.27-Z2.7) speaks of several which he saw in Greece. (Wachsmuth, Hell. Alt. vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 424, 1st ed.; Schömann, Ant Jur. Publ. Graec. p. 370; Droysen, Gr. Kriegsalterth. p. 94.)

The trophies erected to commemorate naval victories were usually ornamented with the, beaks or acroteria of ships [ACROTERIUM; ROSTRA ]; and were generally consecrated to Poseidon or Neptune. Sometimes a whole ship was placed as a trophy (Thucyd. 2.84, 92).

The Macedonian kings never erected trophies, for the reason given by Pausanias (Paus. 9.40.4), and hence the same writer observes that Alexander raised no trophies after his victories over Dareius and in India. The Romans too, in early times, never erected any trophies on the field of battle (Florus (Flor. 3.2), but carried home the spoils taken in battle, with which they decorated the public buildings, and also the. private houses of individuals. [SPOLIA] Subsequently, however, the Romans adopted the Greek practice of raising trophies on the field of battle: the first trophies of this kind were erected by Domitius Ahenobarbus and Fabius Maximus in B.C. 121, after their conquest of the Allobroges, when they built at the junction of the Rhone and the Isara towers of white stone, upon which trophies were placed adorned with the spoils of the enemy (Florus, l. c.; Strabo, 4. p. 185). Pompey also raised trophies on the Pyrenees after his victories in Spain (Strabo, 3. p. 156; Plin. Nat.3.18; Dio Cass.; Sall. ap. Serv. in Verg. A. 11.6); Julius Caesar did the same near Zela, after his victory over Pharnaces (Dio Cass.), and Drusus, near the Elbe, to commemorate his victory over the Germans (Dio Cass.; Florus (Flor. 4.12). Still, however, it was more common to erect some memorial of the victory at Rome than on the field of battle. The trophies raised by

Marius to commemorate his victories over Jugurtha and the Cimbri and Teutones, which were cast down by Sulla and restored by Julius Caesar, must have been in the city (Suet. Jul. 11). In the later times of the Republic, and under the Empire, the erection of triumphal arches was the most common way of commemorating a victory, many of which remain to the present day. [ARCUS] We find trophies on the Roman coins of several families. The above coin of M. Furius Philus is an example; on the reverse, Victory or Rome is represented crowning a trophy,

[W.S] [G.E.M]

Tropaeum

(τρόπαιον). The Greek term for a monument of victory, composed of the arms captured as booty, and set up on the spot where the conquered enemy had turned (τρέπειν) to flight. Representations of the stump of a tree, with crosspieces and armour or weapons suspended from them, are often to be seen on coins. The Romans borrowed the custom from the Greeks, but generally erected as memorials of victory permanent monuments, with representations of the war carved in relief, and with trophies of arms suspended over the undecorated portions.