Cleombrotus
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Cleombrotum Proper-name noun: masculine genitive plural, Proper-name noun: masculine accusative singular of Cleombrotus
- A Lacedaemonian general, Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84.—
- II A young Academic philosopher of Ambracia, Cic. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; id. Scaur. 2, 4; Aug. Civ. Dei, 1, 22.
- 1. Spart. koning, legeraanvoerder bij Leuctra (371 v. Chr.);
- 2. academisch filosoof.
(Κλεόμβροτος), son of Anaxandrides, king of Sparta, brother of Dorieus and Leonidas, and half-brother of Cleomenes. (Hdt. 5.41.) He became regent after the battle of Thermopylae, B. C. 480, for Pleistarchus, infant son of Leonidas, and in this capacity was at the head of the Peloponnesian troops who at the time of the battle of Salamis were engaged in fortifying the isthmus (Hdt. 8.71.) The work was renewed in the following spring, till deserted for the commencement of the campaign of Plataea. Whether Cleombrotus was this second time engaged in it cannot be gathered with certainty from the expression of Herodotus (9.10), " that he died shortly after leading home his forces from the Isthmus in consequence of an eclipse of the sun." Yet the date of that eclipse, Oct. 2nd, seems to fix his death to the end of B. C. 480 (thus Müller, Prolegom. p. 409), nor is the language of Herodotus very favourable to Thirlwall's hypothesis, according to which, with Clinton (F. H. ii. p. 209), he places it early in 479. (Hist. of Greece, ii. p. 328.) He left two sons,--the noted Pausanias, who succeeded him as regent, and Nicomedes. (Thuc. 1.107.) [A.H.C]
I. (Κλεόμβροτος), the 23rd king of Sparta, of the Agid line, was the son of Pausanias. He succeeded his brother Agesipolis I. in the year 380 B. C., and reigned nine years. After the deliverance of Thebes from the domination of Sparta [Pelopidas], Cleombrotus was sent into Boeotia, at the head of a Lacedaemonian army, in the spring of 13. 100.378, but he only spent sixteen days in the Theban territory without doing any injury, and then returned home, leaving Sphodrias as harmost at Thespiae. On his march home his army suffered severely from a storm. His conduct excited much disapprobation at Sparta, and the next two expeditions against Thebes were entrusted to the other king, Agesilaus II. In the year 376, on account of the illness of Agesilaus, the command was restored to Cleombrotus, who again effected nothing, but returned to Sparta in consequence of a slight repulse in the passes of Cithaeron. This created still stronger dissatisfaction : a congress of the allies was held at Sparta, and it was resolved to prosecute the war by sea. [Chabrias; Pollis.] In the spring of 374, Cleombrotus was sent across the Corinthian gulf into Phocis, which had been invaded by the Thebans, who, however, retreated into Boeotia upon his approach. He remained in Phocis till the year 371, when, in accordance with the policy by which Thebes was excluded from the peace between Athens and Sparta, he was ordered to march into Boeotia. Having avoided Epaminondas, who was guarding the pass of Coroneia, he marched down upon Creusis, which he took, with twelve Theban triremes which were in the harbour; and he then advanced to the plains of Leuctra, where he met the Theban army. He seems to have been desirous of avoiding a battle, though he was superior to the enemy in numbers, but his friends reminded him of the suspicions he had before incurred by his former slowness to act against the Thebans, and warned him of the danger of repeating such conduct in the present crisis. In accusing Cleombrotus of rashness in fighting, Cicero (Off. 1.24) seems to have judged by the result. There was certainly as much hesitation on the other side. In the battle which ensued [Epaminondas; Pelopidas] he fought most bravely, and fell mortally wounded, and died shortly after he was carried from the field. According to Diodorus, his fall decided the victory of the Thebans. He was succeeded by his son Agesipolis II. (Xen. Hell. 5.4. §§ 14-18, 59, 6.1.1, 4.15; Plut. Pel. 13, 20-23, Ages. 28; Diod. 15.51-55; Paus. 1.13.2, 3.6.1, 9.13. §§ 2-4; Manso, Sparta, 3.1. pp. 124, 133, 138, 158.) [P.S]
II., the 30th king of Sparta of the Agid line, was of the royal race, though not in the direct male line. He was also the son-in-law of Leonidas II., in whose place he was made king by the party of Agis IV. about 243 B. C. On the return of Leonidas, Cleombrotus was deposed and banished to Tegea, about 240 B. C. [Agis IV.] He was accompanied into exile by his wife Cheilonis, through whose intercession with her father his life had been spared, and who is mentioned as a conspicuous example of conjugal affection. He left two sons, Agesipolis and Cleomenes, of whom the former became the father and the latter the guardian of Agesipolis III. (Plut. Agis 11, 16_18; Paus. 3.6; Plb. 4.35; Manso, Sparta, 3.1, pp. 284, 298.) [P.S]
(Κλεόμβροτος), an Academic philosopher of Ambracia, who is said to have thrown himself down from a high wall, after reading the Phaedon of Plato; not that he had any sufferings to escape from, but that he might exchange this life for a better. (Callimach. Epigr. 60, ap. Brunck, Anal. i. p. 474, Jacobs, i. p. 226 ; Agath. Schol. Ep. 60. 5.17, ap. Brunck, Anal. iii. p. 59, Jacobs, iv. p. 29; Lucian, Philop. 1; Cic. pro Scaur. 2.4, Tusc. 1.34; Augustin. de Civ. Dei, 1.22; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 168.) The disciple of Socrates, whom Plato mentions as being in Aegina when Socrates died, may possibly be the same person. (Phaedon, 2, p. 59c.) [P.S]
(Κλεόμβροτος). (1) A king of Sparta, who succeeded his brother Agesipolis I. He was defeated by Epaminondas in the battle of Leuctra, and lost his life on that occasion.
(2) A son-in-law of Leonidas II., king of Sparta, who usurped the kingdom after the expulsion of that monarch, but was soon after expelled in turn and sent into banishment.
- king of Sparta, son-in-law of Leonidas: Paus. 3.6.7ff.
- Paus. 3.3.9
- king of Sparta, defeated and slain by Boeotians at Leuctra: Paus. 1.13.4, Paus. 3.5.7, Paus. 3.6.1, Paus. 9.13.3-10
- king of Sparta: Hdt. 5.32, Hdt. 7.205
- in command of a Peloponnesian force at the Isthmus: Hdt. 8.71, Hdt. 9.10
- father of Pausanias: Hdt. 9.78