Paludamentum

The short, red mantle of Roman generals, fastened on the left shoulder and worn over the armour. They assumed it on the Capitol on their departure to the war, but on their return exchanged it for the toga, the garb of peace, before entering into the city (Pliny , Paneg. 56, 4). Under the Empire, when the emperor was the commanderin-chief, the purple paludamentum became exclusively a token of imperial power. It became the usual attire of the emperors in the first century after Christ (Suet. Claud. 31). Accordingly after that time entrance on imperial power was termed “assuming the purple” (Eutrop. ix. 8).