Pantaleon
- a Greek proper name, Liv. 42, 15.
(Πανταλέων), historical.
1. A son of Alyattes, king of Lydia, by an Ionian woman. His claim to the throne in preference to his brother Croesus was put forward by his partisans during the lifetime of Alyattes, but that monarch decided in favour of Croesus. (Hdt. 1.92.)
2. Son of Omphalion, was king or tyrant of Pisa in Elis at the period of the 34th Olympiad (B. C. 644), assembled an army, with which he made himself master of Olympia, and assumed by force the sole presidency of the Olympic games on that occasion. The Eleans on this account would not reckon this as one of the regular Olympiads. (Paus. 6.21.1, 22.2.) We learn also from Strabo that Pantaleon assisted the Messenians in the second Messenian war (Strab. viii. p.362), which, according to the chronology of Pausanias, followed by Mr. Clinton, must have been as much as thirty years before; but C. O. Müller and Mr. Grote regard the intervention of Pantaleon as furnishing the best argument for the real date of the war in question. (Clinton, F. H. vol. i. p. 188; Müller's Dorians, vol. i. p. 171; Grote's Greece, vol. ii. p. 574.)
3. A Macedonian of Pydna, an officer in the service of Alexander, who was appointed by him governor of Memphis, B. C. 331. (Arr. Anab. 3.5.4.)
4. An Aetolian, one of the chief citizens and political leaders of that people, who was the principal author of the peace and alliance concluded by the Aetolians with Aratus and the Achaeans, B. C. 239. (Plut. Arat. 33.) He was probably the same as the father of Archidamus, mentioned by Polybius (4.57).
5. An Aetolian, probably a grandson of the preceding, is first mentioned as one of the ambassadors charged to bear to the Roman general, M. Acilius Glabrio, the unqualified submission of the Aetolians, B. C. 191. (Plb. 20.9.) Again, in B. C. 169 he appears as one of the deputies at Thermus before C. Popillius, when he uttered a violent harangue against Lyciscus and Thoas. (Id. 28.4.) He is also mentioned as present with Eumenes at Delphi, when the life of that monarch was attempted by the emissaries of Perseus. On this occasion he is termed by Livy "Aetoliae princess" (Liv.42.15.)
6. A king of Bactria, or rather perhaps of the Indo-Caucasian provinces south of the Paropamisus, known only from his coins. From these it appears probable that he was the successor of Agathocles, and his reign is referred by Professor Wilson to about B. C. 120 (Ariana, p. 300); but Lassen would assign it to a much earlier period. (Lassen, Zur Gesch. d. Griechischen Königen v. Baktrien, pp. 192, 263.) The coins of these two kings, Agathocles and Pantaleon, are remarkable as bearing inscriptions both in the Greek and in Sanscrit characters. [E.H.B]
(Πανταλέων), literary.
1. A writer on culinary subjects, mentioned by Pollux (6.70), where the old reading, Παντολέων, is undoubtedly inaccurate.
2. A Constantinopolitan deacon and chartophylax, who probably lived in the middle of the thirteenth century. Works Sermons
Several works of his, principally sermons, have been published, both in the original Greek, and in Latin. Further Information
For the sermons consult Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. x. pp. 199, 242. 247, 258, vol. xi. p. 455, and Cave, List. Lit. vol. ii. Diss. p. 15. [W.M.G]
(Πανταλέων), or Pantoleon (Παντολέων), or Panteleemon (Παντελεήμων), a physician of Nicomedia in Bithynia, in the third century after Christ, the son of Eustorgius, a person of wealth and consequence, but strongly devoted to paganism. His mother, whose name was Eubula, was a zealous Christian, and educated him in the Christian faith; she died, however, while he was yet young, and he was in danger of relapsing into paganism. After receiving a good preliminary education, he studied medicine under a physician named Euphrosynus, and by his engaging manners and good conduct attracted the notice of the Emperor Maximian, so that he was intended for the post of one of the royal physicians. About this time he became acquainted with an aged Christian priest, named Hermolaus, by whom he was confirmed in his attachment to the Christian faith, and shortly after baptized. He then endeavoured to convert his father from paganism, in which attempt he at last succeeded. He made himself an object of dislike and envy to the other physicians by the number of cures he effected, and was at last denounced to the emperor as a Christian. After being in vain tempted to embrace paganism, and suffering many tortures (from some of which he is said to have been miraculously delivered), he was at last beheaded, probably A. D. 303. The name of Panteleemon was given him on account of his praying for his murderers. His memory is celebrated in the Romish church on July 27. A very interesting account of his life and martyrdom is given in the "Acta Sanctorum" (Jul. 27. vol. vi. p. 397), taken chiefly from Simeon Metaphrastes. (See Bzovius, Nomenclator Sanctor. Professione Medicor. ; C. B. Carpzovlus, De Medicis ab Eccles. pro Sanctis habitis, and the authors there referred to.) [W.A.G]
(Πανταλέων). (1) A king of Pisa in Elis, son of Omphalion. In B.C. 644 he seized upon Olympia by force, and being supported by his troops declared himself sole umpire of the Olympian Games. Hence, the Eleans afterwards refused to reckon this Olympiad (the thirty-fourth) in the regular calendar. Pantaleon also aided the Messenians in the Second Messenian War (Pausan. vi. 21, 22; Strabo, p. 362).
(2) A Bactrian king who ruled in the second century B.C.
- put to death by him for conspiracy: Hdt. 1.92
- tyrant of Pisa: Paus. 6.21.1
- holds Olympic festival: Paus. 6.22.2