Summanus

Summānus (Subm-), i, m.,

• a Roman deity to whom nocturnal lightnings were asscribed, but whose precise nature was unknown even to Ovid; acc. to Mart. Cap. i. q. Pluto, Ov. F. 6, 731; Mart. Cap. 2, § 161; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 54 (895); id. Curc. 3, 43 (413); Liv. 32, 29; Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16; Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138; 29, 4, 14, § 57; Arn. 3, 44; 5, 37; 6, 3 Orell.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 23; Inscr. Orell. 1466; v. Merkel ad Ov. F. p. ccviii.—Hence: Summanalia liba farinacea in modum rotae ficta, Fest. pp. 348 and 349 Müll. (offered in sacrifice to Summanus).

Summānus (Submānus), ī, m., eine urspr. etrusk., dann auch röm. Gottheit, Gott des nächtlichen Himmels, der blitzwerfende Nachtgott (wie Jupiter Gott des Tageshimmels, daher Summanus auch von Späteren mit Pluto identifiziert), Plaut. Bacch. 895. Cic. de div. 1, 16 (u. dazu Creuzer). Mart. Cap. 2. § 161 (u. dazu Kopp viele Stellen). – als Gott des nächtlichen Taues, Rieselgott, im Wortspiel mit summano, Plaut. Curc. 413 sqq. Vgl. Wissowa Religion u. Kultus der Römer². S. 53 u. 135. Müller-Deecke Etrusker 2, 60. 170. 253. – Summānālia, ium, n., in Form eines Rades gebildete Opferkuchen, die dem Summanus dargebracht wurden, Fest. 348 (b), 5. Paul. ex Fest. 349, 9.

Summānus, (13) ī, m. , divinité qui présidait aux phénomènes atmosphériques de la nuit, par ex. aux éclairs nocturnes( Plin. 2, 138 ), à la rosée (v. jeu de mots sur Summanus et summano Pl. Curc. 416 ) ; incertitude marquée par Ov. F. 6, 731 sur la nature de cette divinité ; elle avait un temple au Capitole( Cic. Div. 1, 16 ), cf. Plin. 20, 57.

summanus, i. m. (summus, manus.)
閏王。

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Summa'nus

a derivative form from summus, the highest, an ancient Roman or Etruscan divinity, who was equal or even of higher rank than Jupiter; in fact, it would seem that as Jupiter was the god of heaven in the bright day, so Summanus was the god of the nocturnal heaven, and lightnings plying in the night were regarded as the work of Summanus (Augustin. De Civ. Dei, 4.23; Plin. Nat. 2.53; Paul Diac. s. v. Dium, p. 75; Fest. s. v. provorsum, p. 229, ed. Müller.) Varro (De Ling. Lat. 5.74) describes the god as of Sabine origin; but the ancients themselves on this as on many other points connected with their earliest religion, were in great uncertainty both in regard to the nature and the origin of Summanus ; and some connecting the name with sub and manes regarded him as a deity of the lower world, an opinion which is totally at variance with the attributes given him by most writers, and there is ample reason for regarding him as the Jupiter of night. He had a temple at Rome near the Circus Maximus (Plin. Nat. 29.14; Liv. 32.29 ; Ov. Fast. 6.731). There was a representation of Summanus in the pediment of the Capitoline temple (Cic. de Div. 1.10; comp. Müller, Etrusk. vol. ii. pp. 60, 167; Hartung, Die Relig. der Röm. vol. ii. p. 59, &c.) [L.S]

Summānus

An ancient Etruscan deity of the nocturnal heavens, to whom was ascribed thunder by night, as that by day was ascribed to Iupiter. He had a chapel on the Capitol, and his image in terra-cotta stood on the pediment of the great temple. Besides this, he had a temple near the Circus Maximus, where on the 20th of June an annual sacrifice was offered to him. His true significance became in later times so obscure that his name was falsely explained as meaning the highest of the Manes (summus Manium) and equivalent to Dis pater, or the Greek Pluto (Varro, L. L. v. 74; Cic. De Div. i. 10; Pliny H. N. xxix. 57).