calathus

calathus , ī, m.: a wicker basket; workbasket, 7.805.

călăthus, i, m., = κάλαθος.

• Lit., a wicker basket, a hand-basket (pure Lat. quasillum, made in the shape of a lily); acc. to diff. uses, a flower-basket, a wool-basket, a thread-basket or a fruit-basket, etc.; cf. Plin. 21, 5, 11, § 23; Vitr. 4, 1, 9; Verg. E. 2, 46; Ov. F. 4, 435: calathi Minervae, Verg. A. 7, 805; Ov. A. A. 2, 219; id. H. 9, 73; 9, 76; Juv. 2, 54; Ov. A. A. 2, 264; id. M. 12, 475.—
• II Meton., any other vessel of similar form, of metal or wood.
• • A For milke, etc., a milk-pail, bowl, Verg. G. 3, 402; Col. 10, 397; cf. id. 7, 8, 3.—
  • B For wine, a wine-cup, Verg. E. 5, 71; so Mart. 9, 60, 15; 9, 14, 107.—
  • C Transf., the cup or calix of a flower, Col. 10, 99 Schneid.; so id. 10, 240; Aus. Idyll. 14, 31; cf. Plin. 21, 5, 11, § 23.

calathus, ī, m. (κάλαθος), I) ein Korb od. Körbchen in Gestalt einer offenen Lilie (rein lat. quasillus, s. Paul. ex Fest. 47, 6 u. 350, 12), aus Flechtwerk (s. Ov. fast. 4, 435), Vitr. 4, 1, 9. Plin. 21, 23; insbes., nach dem verschiedenen Gebrauch a) zu Blumen u. Früchten, Blumenkorb, Blumenkörbchen, Verg. ecl. 2, 46. Ov. met. 5, 393 u. 14, 267: Fruchtkorb, -körbchen, Ov. art. am. 2, 264. Vulg. Ierem. 24, 1 u. 2. – b) ein Arbeitskörbchen der Wollspinnerin, Ov. her. 9, 73 u. 76; art. am. 1, 693 u. 2, 219. Iuven. 2, 54: neben colus od. fusus, Verg. Aen. 7, 805. Ov. met. 12, 470. Hier. ep. 50, 5 (inter fusos calathosque puellarum): telas calathosque infectaque pensa reponunt, Ov. met. 4, 10. – c) zu Zaubereien, Arnob. 5, 26: calathus fetui gallicaneo destinatus, Apul. met. 9, 33. – II) übtr.: A) ein ähnlich gebildetes Gefäß aus Holz od. Metall: a) Käsekorb, Verg. georg. 3, 402. Col. poët. 10, 397. – b) Weinschale, Becher, Verg. ecl. 5, 71. Mart. 9, 59, 15 u. 14, 107 lemm. – c) = modius, ein Scheffel, den man als Attribut der Fruchtbarkeit auf den Kopf des Apollo Hieropolitanus setzte, Marc. sat. 1, 17, 67 sq.: u. auf den Kopf des Iupiter Serapis, Macr. sat. 1, 20, 13. – B) der Blumenkelch, Col. poët. 10, 99 u. 240. Auson. app. II. (de rosis) v. 31. p. 245 Schenkl.

calathus [CL < κάλαθος] 1 basket. b cocoon. ~us, wearpfæt Ælf. Gl.; 9‥ calatus, leap WW; rusticus ‥ domum habeat munitam corbibus, cumeris vimineis, ~is [gl.: paners], cophinis et sportis Neckam Ut. 110; lapidesque frequenter / excisos fert in calatho H. Avr. Hugh 840; A ante T in primitivis breviatur, ut Ephrăta, ‥ calătus Bacon Tert. 260; 1356 in iiij ollis terreis et ij ~is emptis pro ‥ oleo imponendo et cariando KR Ac 493/1 m. 2; s1387 simulans se Flandricum pultarium cum caponibus in ~o [gl.: id est a panyer] Knighton II Cont. 250; 1403 pro iiij ~is emptis xvj d. Ac. Durh. 219; leep or baskete, sporta, ~us PP; 14‥ calatus, A. a panyer ‥, hic chalaphus, A. panger WW.  b ~i parietes industrius textor [sc. bombex] circuit lanam educens crocei coloris Neckam NR II 164. 2 measure of fluid (? erron. for cyathus; but cf.calix 1d). miscentes aque calide ~os iiij, i. mensuram continens [sic] unum tractum Alph. 185 (cf. WW: [10c]: ciatis i. ~is, vasis vel beodfatum).

călăthus, (12) ī, m. (κάλαθος), panier, corbeille : Virg. En. 7, 805 || coupe : Virg. B. 5, 71 ; G. 3, 402 || [fig.] calice [dʼune fleur] : Col. Rust. 10, 99.

*calathus, i. m.
匝子。匣。

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calathus ī, m

• , κάλαθος, a wicker-basket, hand-basket (for flowers, wool, etc.): calathi Minervae, work-baskets, V., O.: calathis peracta referre Vellera, Iu. — A cheese-basket, V.—A winecup, V.

CALATHUS

CAL´ATHUS(κάλαθος, also τάλαρος), dim. calathiscus (καλαθίσκος). Calathus is a Greek word, though used by the Latin writers. The Latin word corresponding to it is qualus or qualum (Cat. Agr. 11, 5; 52, 1; Verg. G. 2.241; Hor. Carm. 3.12, 4), dim. quasillus, un>quasillum (Cic. Phil. 3.4, 10; Tib. 4.10, 3; Prop. iv. (v.) 7, 41; calathos Graeci, nos dicimus quasillos, Fest. p. 47).

1. Calathus usually signified the basket in which women placed their work, and especially the materials for spinning. It was generally made of osiers or reeds (πλέκειν τάλαρους καὶ καλαθίσκους, Poll. 7.173; virgati calathisci, Catull. 64.320; calathos e vimine nexos, Ov. Fast. 4.435; rasiles calathi, scraped or smooth osiers, id. Her. 9.76); but sometimes of more valuble materials. Homer (Hom. Od. 4.125) speaks of a silver τάλαρος. The calathus was narrow at the rising to a larger size at the top (ab angustiis in latitudinem paulatim sese laxantis effigie calathi, Plin. Nat.21.23). As spinning was the chief occupation of women, the calathus is constantly mentioned in connexion with them (Anth. Pal. 6.39, 147, et al.; Verg. A. 7.805; Ov. Met. 12.474, Ars Am. 1.693, 2.219; Juven. 2.54). Pollux (10.125) speaks of both τάλαρος and κάλαθος as τῆς γυναικωνίτιδος σκεύη: and they frequently occur in paintings on vases, indicating that the scene represented takes place in the gynaeconitis, or women's apartments. In the above woodcut, taken from a painting on a vase (Millin, Peintures de Vases Antiques, vol. i. pl. 4), a slave, belonging to the class called quasillariae, is presenting her mistress with the calathus, in which the wool was kept.

For the same reason Penelope is constantly represented in ancient works of art with the calathus. (Cf. Blümner, Gewerb. u. Künst bei Griech. u. Römer, 1. p. 118.)

2. The calathus or talarus was also the name of a similar basket for carrying fruits, corn, flowers, &c. (Il. 18.568; Hes. Sc. 293; Aristot. Rhet. 3.11.15; Mosch. 2.34, 61; Verg. Ecl. 2.46; Ov. Ars Am. 2.264) It was also used for holding cheeses, the whey running off through the wicker-work. (Hom. Od. 9.247; Theocr. 5.90, 8.70; Colum. 7.8, 3; Ov. Met. 12.436)

3. The name was likewise given to vessels made in the form of a wicker basket for holding milk (Verg. G. 3.400; Calp. Sic. 2.77; Colum. 10.397), and to wine-cups of a similar shape (Verg. Ecl. 5.71; Mart. 9.60, 15, 14.107-Z2).

4. The calathus was used as a religious emblem, and we accordingly find it figured on monuments in connexion with Athena or Minerva, who taught women the art of weaving; of Demeter or Ceres, the goddess of harvests; of Tellus and other divinities, as an emblem of abundance. It was carried in honour of Demeter at the Eleusinian festival (Callim. in Cer. 1), and is so represented in a bronze medal of Trajan figured above. It was frequently placed on the heads of divinities, especially of Demeter, in ancient statues, and in this use is called modius or bushel by archaeologists. It was probably carried on the heads of women or young girls in processions, whence it gave rise to the capital supported by a female figure in place of a column. [CARYATIDES] Figures of priestesses, from ancient monuments, wearing the calathus, are given by Saglio (Dict. s. v.) In particular the god Serapis in the time of the Roman empire is represented with a calathus on his head (calathum

capiti ejus infigunt, Macrob. Sat. 1.20, § § 13, 15; cf. 1.17, § § 67, 68), and so appears in works of art, as in a Roman lamp figured by Birch (Ancient Pottery, p. 506).

[W.S]

Calăthus

(κάλαθος, τάλαθος). A Greek word though found in Roman authors, the pure Latin word being qualus or qualum. The name calathus is applied to the following objects:

(1) A woman's work-basket, especially one that contained the materials for spinning. It was generally made of osiers or reeds, but sometimes of silver; and was narrow at the bottom and broad at the top, as in the annexed illustration taken from a painted vase (Millin).

(2) A similar basket used for carrying fruits, flowers, grain, etc.

(3) A vessel shaped like a wicker calathus and used for holding milk; also a wine-cup of like shape (Georg. iii. 402).

(4) As a religious emblem, the calathus was carried in honour of Demeter and of Tellus as denoting abundance; and is found in connection with Athené, the goddess of the art of weaving. Priestesses are also represented as wearing the calathus on their heads, and in imperial times the god Serapis (q.v.) is thus depicted.