perforare

perforare [CL] 1 to pierce through, perforate (usu. w. sharp instrument): a (person, part of body, or sim.); b (artefact); c (w. plant or animal as subj.); d (in fig. context or fig.). a missili ~atus occubuit Ord. Vit. V 14 p. 422; in lege precipitur ut ~etur auris servi Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 524; manus ejus et pedes clavis ~antur Ailr. Inst. Inclus. 31 p. 670; ipse ‥ sagittis et lanceis est ~atus Gir. SD 16; sic Leviathan extrahis aduncatum, / sic ejus hamo guttura perforasti J. Howd. Cant. 73; ‘foderunt manus meas’ ‥ non dixit ‘~arunt’ quia ‥ sicut dicunt doctores ita clavi fuerunt obtusi quod carnem ejus foderunt et fregerunt magis [ME: þurleden] quam ~arunt AncrR 110.  b sive scutum ~atur ‥ sive bone voluntatis scutum eripitur aut ~atur R. Niger Mil. I 29; sicut plena vento vesicula detumescit si acu modica ~etur P. Blois Ep. 92. 290D; a1275 [annulus] habet in se saphirum magnum ~atum Cart. Glouc. I 171; Calcedonius debet ~ari et scetis ascelli et collo et brachis suspendi ‥ crisolitus debet ~ari et in sinistro brachio suspendi Sculp. Lap. 451.  c avis illa molem ipsam ‥ ~avit Petrus Dial. 31; caprificus, herba que ~at mausolea Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 145; teredones ex lignis que terendo rodunt et ~ant P. Cornw. Disp. 150.  d c798 sermo Domini oculosus est et undique ~ari potest Alcuin Ep. 136 p. 206; 949 noverint se cum Anna et Zafirra ‥ alterne anathematis macera ~andos CS 875; debent ‥ diligenter custodire silentium quod si ~atum fuerit et attritum statim ingreditur hostis per lites Ailr. Serm. 17. 6. 295; ipsa anima doloribus ~atur T. Chobham Serm. 21. 151ra.. 2 to perforate (so as to gain access or sim.), to dig or drill (into): a (part of body); b (topographical feature); c (artefact, also in fig. context). a percipitur craneum ~are volentibus attendere semilunium Quaest. Salern. N 3.  b miracula ‥ inter que vidi montem ~atum ultra quem accole ‥ estimabant thesauros Octoviani reconditos W. Malm. GR II 170.  c 799 cujus murus nequaquam debet insidiosis cuniculis cujuslibet perfidie alicubi ~ari Alcuin Ep. 166 p. 268; murum et ante murale ‥ noctu ~averunt ubi miles ‥ cum equo suo transite posset Greg. Mir. Rom. 4 p. 14; s1184 duxerunt unam navem que dicitur dromund. in illa fuit talis machina quod per ipsam Sarraceni debebant ‥ ire et redire ultra muros ‥ . sed Deo dante quidam in aqua se dromundo subposuit eamque ~avit et ~atam submersit Diceto YH 30; sicut ‥ ejus qui navem mercium vendendarum ~avit Vac. Lib. paup. 98; 1288 R. S. assuetus est transcendere muros noctanter et ~are parietes et alias fellonias facere Leet Norw. 7. 3 to provide with holes, make holes in. 1318 J. P. posuit fimum suum in communi venella et illam ~avit quod nemo fere ibidem potest meare CBaron 124. 4 to break through into, penetrate (vanguard, line of defence, or sim.). cum demum ~ata et contrita erat vis illa anterior et ceteri cogebantur in fugam G. Hen. V 13 p. 90. 5 to (pierce cask so as to) draw (wine), to broach. 1276 vinum ~atum quotidie ad bibendum RGasc II 15a.. 6 (her.) to perforate (charge) with a hole of different shape (from the charge itself); (also p. ppl. as adj.) pierced, voided. portat de argento et caput scuti de azorio cum duabus maculis de auro ~atis Bad. Aur. 179; portat unam crucem rubeam ~atam in medio campo aureo. portat unam crucem nigram floridam patentem ~atam fimbriatam sive borduratam cum argento in campo aureo Ib. 192; de cruce plana ~ata Upton 213 (illustr. in marg.); fusuli nunquam referiuntur ~ati neque losenge supradicte ~antur Ib. 251. 7 (p. ppl. as adj.): a (med.; of urine) divided into alternate light and dark, stippled. b (bot.; herba ~ata or as sb. f.) St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum). a [urinam] alii fenestratam dicunt, non nulli ~atam, alii virgulatam appellant Gilb. VI 239. 1 (v. fenestratio 2); quam [urinam] alii fenestratam alii virgulatam, alii ~atam apellant Ib. 262v. 1 (v. fenestrare 2c).  b ipsam ‥ herbam Greci ypericon, Latini herbam ~atam ‥ appellare solent Ad. Eyns. Hug. V 8 (v. hypericum 1a); herba ~ate, origani, ungule cabaline Gilb. II 98v. 2; septem ‥ sunt herbe qui dicuntur equipollere tyriace sc. herba ~ata, vice toxicum Ib. VII 350v. 1; herba sancti Johannis, herba ~ata idem, i. ypericon SB 23; ~ata, herba Sancti Johannis SB 33; erbe Jone or seynt Jonis worte, ~ata PP; herba Sancti Johannis, ypericon, scopa regea, triscalamus, herba ~ata, fuga demonum idem Alph. 78; herba ~ata, herba Sancti Johannis ‥ A. Herbe Johnis or Saint Hohnis wort or wyld hopps MS BL Add. 27582 f. 42; hypericum, alii carion, alii androsaemon, appellant, nonnulli herbam ~atam, vulgus appellat Seynt John’s gyrs Turner Herb. B i v (ed. p. 50).