pluteus

plŭtĕus, i, m., less freq. plŭtĕum, i, n.

• A penthouse, shed, or mantlet, made of hurdles covered with raw hides, and used to protect besiegers (cf. vineae): plutei crates corio crudo intentae, quae solebant opponi militibus opus facientibus, et appellabantur militares. Nunc etiam tabulae, quibus quid praesepitur, eodem nomine dicuntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 231 Müll.; cf. Veg. Mil. 4, 15: pluteos praeferre, Amm.21, 12, 6; so Caes. B. C. 2, 9; Liv. 21, 61, 10 al.—Transf.: ad aliquem vineam pluteosque agere, i. e. to turn all one's weapons against him, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111 (266).—
• II A permanent breastwork, a parapet, on towers, etc.: pluteos vallo addere, Caes. B. G. 7, 41: plutei turrium, id. ib. 7, 25; id. B. C. 3, 24: rates a fronte atque ab utroque latere, cratibus ac pluteis protegebat, id. ib. 1, 25, 9; 2, 15, 3: viminei, Amm.19, 5, 1: locus consaeptus cratibus pluteisque, Liv. 10, 38, 5.—
• III The back-board, back, of a settee or couch, Suet. Calig. 26; so of the couch on which guests reclined at table: somni post vina petuntur, ... puer pluteo vindice tutus erat, Mart. 3, 91, 10.—
• • • 2 Meton., a couch, dining-couch, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 68.—
• IV The board on which a corpse is placed, Mart. 8, 44, 13.—
• V A book-shelf, bookcase, desk, Pers. 1, 106; with busts upon it, Juv. 2, 7; cf. Dig. 29, 1, 17, § 4; Sid. Ep. 2, 9.—
• VI A partition-wall between two columns, a balustrade, parapet, Vitr. 4, 4, 1.

pluteus, eī, m. u. pluteum, eī, n., ein Gerüst, I) zum Schutze: A) als milit. t. t.: a) das Schirmdach bei Belagerungen, wodurch die Belagerer bei ihrer Arbeit vor den Geschossen der Feinde gesichert wurden, aus Weiden helmförmig geflochten u. mit Häuten überzogen, durch drei Räder (zwei vorn, eins in der Mitte) beweglich, der Frontschirm (s. Veget. mil. 4, 15), Caes. b. c. 2, 9, 2. Liv. 21, 61, 10. Tac. hist. 2, 21. – vineam pluteosque agere ad alqm, Plaut. mil. 266. – b) eine unbewegliche Schirmwand, Blende, Brustwehr an Türmen usw., Caes. b. G. 7, 41, 4; b. c. 1, 25, 9 u. 2, 15, 3: plutei viminei, Amm. 19, 5, 1: locus consaeptus cratibus pluteisque, mit Planken, Liv. 10, 38, 5. – B) das höhere Schutzbrett der hinteren Seite des Speisesofas (wo man nicht hineinsteigt), das Wandbrett, Mart. 3, 91, 10. – II) zum Anlehnen od. Darauflegen: A) das Schutzbrett, die Lehne an einer Bank od. an einem Sofa, Suet. Cal. 26, 2. – meton., das Sofa, Speisesofa, plutei fulcra, Prop. 4, 8, 68. – B) das Brett, worauf ein Toter liegt, Mart. 8, 44, 13. – C) ein Lesepult, Pers. 1, 106. – D) ein an der Wand angebrachtes Repositorium, für Büsten, Iuven. 2, 7; vgl. Ulp. dig. 19, 1, 17. § 4. – für Bücher, plutei grammaticales, Sidon. epist. 2, 9, 4. – E) bei Gebäuden, die Zwischenwand, Zwischenmauer, zwischen zwei Säulen, die Brustlehne, Brüstung, Vitr. 4, 4. § 1. u. 5, 1 (2). § 5.

pluteus [CL] , plank, board. b desk, writing-board, or bookshelf. c bedstead, bedframe, or couch. d head- or neck-rest, pillow or cushion. leniter et quasi furtim superficiem ~ei metitur animal dolosum [sc. mulus] Neckam NR II 159 p. 265; ~eum, plaunc Teaching Latin I 156; plank, boord ‥ ~eum ‥ neut. PP.  b pro phalera pluteum, calamum jaculi vice porto L. Durh. Hypog. 67; hoc ~eum ‥ i. scriptorium super quod scribitur Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 422; quod in claustralium ~eis continetur excutiunt, litteratorum expilant scrinia J. Sal. Pol. 685A; scriptor ‥ scripturus ‥ in cathedra sedeat, ansis utrinque elevatis, ~eum [gl.: carole monachi, charoule, deske] sive asserem sustinentibus Neckam Ut. 116; ~eos Romanice karoles supra quos scribunt clerici GlSid f. 145ra; leteron or leterun, deske, lectrinum ‥ lectorium ‥ ~eum ‥ omnia neut. PP; wrytyng boord, ~eum ‥ neut. PP.  c a bedstoke, sponda, fultrum, lectica, ~ens CathA.  d hoc plumacium ‥ i. cervical vel ~eum [v. l. pulvinum] Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 464.

plŭtĕus, (12) ī, m. , ¶ 1 [milit.] a) panneau, abri [monté sur roues]: Cæs. C. 2, 9, 2 ; Liv. 21, 61, 10 ; [fig.] Pl. Mil. 266 ; b) panneau [fixe, ajouté comme revêtement au parapet] : Cæs. G. 7, 41, 4 ; C. 1, 25, 9 ; Liv. 10, 38, 5 ¶ 2 tablette, étagère : Juv. 2, 7 ; Dig. 29, 1, 17, 4 ¶ 3 pupitre : Pers. 1, 106 ¶ 4 panneaux à la tête des lits : Mart. 3, 91, 10 || dos ou dossier [dʼun lit de table] : Suet. Cal. 26 ; [par ext.] un lit [de table] : Prop. 4, 8, 68 ¶ 5 balustrade [entre deux colonnes] : Vitr. Arch. 4, 4, 1.

pluteus , i. m.
戦之保障。牀邊板。書櫃。書架。文案。二柱間之横木。凳背。

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pluteus ī, m

• —As a cover for besiegers, a penthouse, shed, mantlet: pluteos ad alia opera abduxerunt, Cs.: pluteos ac vineas operuerat (nix), L.—A permanent breastwork, parapet: plutei turrium, Cs.: rates pluteis protegebat, Cs.: locus consaeptus pluteis, L.—A shelf, desk, bookcase, Iu.—A couch, dining couch: plutei fulcra, Pr.

PLUTEUS

PLU´TEUSsignified in general any kind of upright, unroofed protection or shelter, and was hence used in the following special significations. 1. A fixed breastwork, whether of planking or of wicker work, and sometimes covered with hides to prevent it from catching fire. These breastworks, mantlets, or blinds were used to shelter combatants on board ship (παραρρύματα), Caes. Bell. Civ. 3.24: on towers, where they sheltered the soldiers in the various tabulata, or stories, the battlements or shelter on the top being, strictly, pinnae (Caes. B. G. 7.25): on ramparts, as in Caes. B. G. 7.41 and 72. In the latter passage the plutei include the whole breastwork of loricae and pinnae and the vallum behind them, the whole shelter in fact placed on the agger, and the commissurae pluteorum are the points where this work of wood and wattles rose from the earthen agger. 2. A movable shelter for the besiegers, distinguished from the vineae and musculi by being unroofed (Liv. 21.61, 34.17-Z2; Fest. s. v.; Ammian. 21.11; Isid. Or. 18.18). It is particularly described in Veget. 4.15, as being semicircular (in the form of an apse), of wicker work covered with hides, and with three wheels, one in the forepart or middle of the curve, and two at the extremities: it was thus rolled towards the walls, the working party advancing under its cover (cf. Marquardt, Staatsverw. 2.530). 3. The board at the side of a bed [LECTUSp. 18]. 4. Some kind of shelf for holding busts and other ornaments (Juven. 2.7), or books (Sidon. Apoll. Ep. 2.9): it probably had a high ledge to prevent the article placed there from falling off, and so gained its name. Some refer the pluteum caedit of Pers. 1.106 to a bookshelf or a desk, but it is probably merely the ordinary pluteus of the reading couch [LECTUSp. 19]. 5. A low wall like a breastwork, closing up spaces between columns (Vitr. 4.4).

[W.S] [G.E.M]

Pluteus

and Pluteum. (1) A pent-house or mantlet used by the Romans in sieges.

(2) The backboard of a bed, or the raised end of a couch.

(3) A dwarf wall or parapet.

(4) A bookshelf, bookcase, or desk.