tirocinium

tīrōcĭnĭum, ii, n. [tiro].

• Lit.
• • A In milit. lang., the first military service or first campaign of a young soldier, military rawness or inexperience, = rudimentum (perh. not ante-Aug.): juvenis, Liv. 39, 47, 3: propter exercitūs paucitatem et tirocinium, Auct. B. Afr. 31, 6: aetatis infirmitas aut militiae tirocinium, Val. Max. 5, 4, 2: tirocinii rudimenta deponere, Just. 9, 1, 8. —In plur.: si non solum tirocinia, verum et incunabula in ipsis castris posuissent, Just. 12, 4, 6; Flor. 2, 3.—
  • B Concr., the young troops, raw forces, recruits: contemptum tirocinium, Liv. 40, 35, 12.—
• II Transf., in gen., the first beginning of any thing, the first trial, attempt, or essay: si in L. Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere et documentum eloquentiae dare voluit, Liv. 45, 37, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.: nec differendum est tirocinium in senectutem, Quint. 12, 6, 3; and: tirocinii metum transire, id. 12, 6, 7: filios suo quemque tirocinio deducere in forum, i. e. after putting on the toga virilis, Suet. Aug. 26: dies tirocinii, id. Tib. 54: togam sumpsit barbamque posuit, sine ullo honore, qualis contigerat tirocinio fratrum ejus, id. Calig. 10.—Of inanim. things: navium, i. e. their first voyage, Plin. 24, 7, 26, § 41.—
• • B Inexperience: senatus cum simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, Liv. 39, 47, 3: nec tirocinio peccet, Manil. 1, 189.

tīrōcinium, iī, n. (tiro), I) der erste Soldatendienst (Kriegsdienst), die militärische Unerfahrenheit, a) eig.: iuvenis, Liv.: militiae, Val. Max.: propter exercitus paucitatem et tirocinium, Auct. b. Afr.: tirocinia militum imbuere, die U. unserer Soldaten unterweisen, eine Kriegsschule für unsere Soldaten bilden (v. Feinde), Flor.: tirocinium ponere u. deponere, die ersten Versuche im Erlernen des Felddienstes machen, Iustin.: ebenso tirocinii rudimenta deponere, die ersten Proben eines jungen Soldaten im Kriegsdienste ablegen, Iustin. – b) meton., die jungen Soldaten, Rekruten, Liv. 40, 35, 12. – II) übtr.: a) die Unerfahrenheit eines Neulings, nec tirocinio peccet, Manil. 1, 189. – b) die Probe eines Neulings, das Probestück, navium, die erste Fahrt, Plin.: producta fuerit tirocinio, zum ersten Male, zur Probe, Plin.: potest tirocinium esse homicidium, parricidium non est, Sen. rhet. – u. bes. c) das erste Auftreten in der großen Welt, vor dem Publikum, ut filios suo quemque tirocinio (bei Anlegung der männlichen Toga) in forum deduceret, Suet.: in L. Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere, zum erstenmal auftreten, Liv.

tirocinium [CL] 1 initial period of military service (esp. as new knight or w. ref. to training, also in fig. context). b military training exercise, (also spec.) tournament. cujus mirabile ~ium ‥ meminisse ‥ delectat W. Poit. I 12; ~ium, novi militis exercitium Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 592; decennium in vite solitarie tyrocinio, miles jam emeritus, complens V. Har. 13 f. 18; s1245 rex ‥ Ricardum de C. ‥ balteo cinxit militari, et tyrocinii sui festum ‥ consummavit M. Par. Maj. IV 419; 1256 preceptum ‥ ut quilibet qui haberet xv libratas terre ‥ ~io donaretur ut Anglia ‥ militia roboraretur Ib. V 560; rex ‥ gladio filium suum accinxit, adjunctis tyrocinio suo strenuis adolescentibus ‥ quos ‥ militaribus indui fecit V. II Off. 2.  b juvenis ‥ dum se exerceret in tyrocinio, hastili brachium percussus est W. Cant. Mir. Thom. II 26; ad ‥ tornamentum vel ad girum, ~ium [gl.: bourdiz] agmen vel hastiludium Neckam Ut. 104; 1269 milites, si qui causa tyrocinii ‥ ad clausum vestrum ‥ declinaverint, nullatenus hospitari permittentes Reg. Sal. 1315–1330 II 562; s1284 Edwardus rex fecit tyrocinium fieri apud Nevin ‥ ubi comes Lincolniensis ‥ habuit unam partem et ‥ comes de Ulvester alteram Ann. Cestr. 114; [Innocentius papa] inhibebat ne qui ‥ animalia et res alias ‥ pro ~iis ‥ a nobis ‥ extorquerent Meaux II 67; hoc ~ium, A. turnament WW. 2 (also pl.) period or state of being new in a condition, profession, or sim., (esp.) youth, (also) period of initial training, apprenticeship, or sim.. David ‥ sub ipso pubertatis ~io ‥ virginitate praeditus Aldh. VirgP 53; ~ia, initia, rudimenta GlC T 183; vos ab ipso ~io rudimentorum ‥ usque adulte pubertatis florem ‥ docendo (Aldh. Ep.) W. Malm. GP V 192; me ‥ ad philosophicum ~ium tirunculum nequaquam molestum ‥ expertus es W. Donc. Aph. Phil. prol. 2; admissa sunt ‥ spectacula et infinita ~ia vanitatis J. Sal. Pol. 406A.

tīrōcĭnĭum, (14) ĭī, n. (tiro), ¶ 1 apprentissage du métier militaire, inexpérience militaire : B. Afr. 31, 6 ; Liv. 39, 47, 3 || recrues, jeunes soldats : Liv. 40, 35, 12 ¶ 2 [fig.] apprentissage, coup dʼessai, débuts : in L. Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere Liv. 45, 37, 3, faire son coup dʼessai en accusant L. Paulus, cf. Quint. 12, 6, 3 ; dies tirocinii Suet. Tib. 54, ou tirocinium alicujus Suet. Cal. 10, jour des débuts de qqn [au forum, après la prise de la toge virile] || navium Plin. 24, 41, première traversée.

tirocinium , ii. n.
新當兵之時。初學。初學者。— navium 初行之舟。— ponere vel deponere 初帶。受業。

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tīrōcinium ī, n

• tiro.—In the army, a soldier's first service, military inexperience. senatus cum simul et tirocinio et perturbatione iuvenis moveretur, L.—Young troops, raw forces, recruits: contemptum tirocinium, L.—A beginning, rudimentary effort, pupilage: inL.Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere, L.

Tirocinium

(“a recruit's term of service”; from tiro, a “recruit”). The Roman term for the interval between the assumption of the toga virilis (in the sixteenth or seventeenth year) which marked the beginning of independence and of liability to compulsory military service, and the entrance on a military career or official activity in general. Under the Republic this time was fixed at a year. It was looked upon as the last stage of education, and in this a youth qualified himself either in the army for service in war or in the Forum for a political life.

In the latter instance the young man was handed over to the care of a man of proved experience in public affairs, whom he attended in the Forum and in the law-courts. In the former case he followed in the train (cohors) of a general, where, without performing the service of a common soldier, he fitted himself for the position of an officer.