Achilles

Ăchilles, is, m., = Ἀχιλλεύς (poet., after the manner of the Gr. Nom., Achilleus, trisyl., Inscr. Grut. 669, 6.—Gen. Achillei, quadrisyl., Hor. C. 1, 15, 34; id. Epod. 17, 14; and Achilli, as Neocli, Lacydi from Neocles, Lacydes, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 14 (938); Verg. A. 3, 87; cf. Val. Prob. 1468 P.—Acc. Achillĕa, Luc. 10, 523.—Voc. Achille, Prop. 4, 11, 40.—Abl. Achilli, Ov. P. 3, 3, 43), the celebrated Grecian hero in the Trojan war, distinguished for strength and beauty; son of Peleus, king of Thessaly, and of Thetis, Ov. M. 12 fin. and 13 init.; Stat. Achill. al. In the fine arts, Achilles is represented with hair long and erect, like a mane, a body straight and slender, nostrils (μυκτῆρες) distended with courage and pride, and a physical frame throughout noble and powerful, Müll. Arch. § 413.—

• II As an appellative, a handsome and powerful man, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 63 (1053); Verg. A. 6, 89; Gell. 2, 11.
• —Hence, Ăchillēus, a, um, adj., Ἀχίλλειος, of or pertaining to Achilles: stirpis Achilleae fastus, Verg. A. 3, 326: manes, Ov. M. 13, 448: statuae, statues like Achilles, Plin. 34, 5, 10, 18: cothurnus, the lofty and grave tragic style (since Achilles was a hero of the early epos and drama): Achilleo conponere verba cothurno, Prop. 3, 32, 41 (Aeschyleo, Müller).—Also, Ăchillĭăcus, a, um, Ven. 7, 8, 63.

Achillēs, is, m. (Ἀχιλλεύς, dah. auch Achille͡us, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 11554, u. bei Dicht. auch Genet. Achillei od. Achilli : Akk. Achillea : Vok. Achille : Abl. Achilli), Achilles, der durch Kraft und Schönheit ausgezeichnete griech. Held vor Troja, Sohn des Peleus, Königs von Thessalien, u. der Nerëide Thetis, Vater des Pyrrhus od. Neoptolemus, Verg. Aen. 1, 468 sqq. Ov. met. 12 extr. u. 13 in. Hyg. fab. 107. Cic. Tusc. 1, 105. Sall. hist. fr. 3, 40 (32). – dah. appellat., ein Achilles = ein schöner u. kräftiger Held od. Jüngling übh., Plaut. mil. 1054. Verg. Aen. 6, 89. Gell. 2, 11, 1. Val. Max. 3, 2, 21. – Dav. abgeleitet: 1) Achillēis, idos, f. die Achillëide, ein unvollendetes Heldengedicht des Statius. – 2) Achillēus, a, um (Ἀχίλλειος), zu Achilles gehörig, achillëisch, des Achilles, stirps, Verg.: statuae, Statuen, die eine Lanze hielten, Plin.: cothurnus, der hohe tragische Stil des Epos, dessen Gegenstand häufig Achilles war, Prop. – Subst., a) in der Geogr.: α) Achillēa (insula) od. Achillis insula, ae, f. (auch Leuce, Λευκή gen.), an der Mündung des Borysthenes gelegene Insel, mit einem fabelhaften Heiligtum des Achilles, Mela u. Plin. – β) Achillēa, ae, f., eine Insel bei Samos im Ägäischen Meere, Plin. – γ) Achilleus cursus (Ἀχίλλειος δρόμος), Achilles-Rennbahn, eine jetzt durch Anschwemmung sehr veränderte Halbinsel an der Mündung des Borysthenes, wo Achilles ein Wettrennen gehalten haben soll, Plin. u. Mela (griech.). – δ) Achillēum, I, n. (Ἀχίλλειον), fester Ort beim Vorgebirge Sigeum in Troas, von den Mytilenäern erbaut, mit dem Grabhügel des Achilles, Plin. – b) in der Botanik: α) Achillēa, ae, f. (sc. herba) u. Achillēos, ī, f. (ἡ Ἀχίλλειος sc. βοτάνη), eine nach der Sage von Achilles zur Heilung des Telephus aufgefundene Pflanze, die Schafgarbe, Plin. – β) Achillēum, ī, n., eine Gattung zarten Schwammes, Plin. – 3) Achilliacus, a, um = Achilleus, Ven. Fort. carm. 7, 8, 63. – 4) Achillīdēs, ae, m. (Ἀχιλλείδης), ein Nachkomme des Achilles, ein Achillide, Ov. epist. 8, 3; Ibis 301.

Achilles , type of invincibility, conclusive argument. per hoc frangitur eorum ~es, in quo pro demonstratione confidunt Bacon Tert. 126; istud etiam, quod habetur pro ~e, non videtur multum efficax argumentum Duns Sent. I iii 7. 31.

Ăchillēs, (9) is ou ī ou ĕī (acc. em ou ĕa ), m. , Achille [fils de Pélée et de Thétis] : Cic. Tusc. 1, 105, etc. || [fig.] un Achille : Pl. Mil. 1054 ; Virg. En. 6, 89.

Achilles

(Ἀχιλλεύς). In the legends about Achilles, as about all the heroes of the Trojan war, the Homeric traditions should be carefully kept apart from the various additions and embellishments with which the gaps of the ancient story have been filled up by later poets and mythographers, not indeed by fabrications of their own, but by adopting those supplementary details, by which oral tradition in the course of centuries had variously altered and developed the original kernel of the story, or those accounts which were peculiar only to certain localities. Homeric story.

Achilles was the son of Peleus, king of the Myrmidones in Phthiotis, in Thessaly, and of the Nereid Thetis. (Hom. Il. 20.206, &c.) From his father's name he is often called Πηλείδης, Πηληϊάδης, or Πηλείων (Hom. Il. 18.316; 1.1; 1.197; Verg. A. 2.263), and from that of his grandfather Aeacus, he derived his name Aeacides (Αἰακίδης, Il. 2.860; Verg. A. 1.99). He was educated from his tender childhood by Phoenix, who taught him eloquence and the arts of war, and accompanied him to the Trojan war, and to whom the hero always shewed great attachment. (9.485, &c.; 438, &c.) In the healing art he was instructed by Cheiron, the centaur. (11.832.) His mother Thetis foretold him that his fate was either to gain glory and die early, or to live a long but inglorious life. (9.410,&c.) The hero chose the latter, and took part in the Trojan war, from which he knew that he was not to return. In fifty ships, or according to later traditions, in sixty (Hyg. Fab. 97), he led his hosts of Myrmidones, Hellenes, and Achaeans against Troy. (2.681, &c., 16.168.) Here the swift-footed Achilles was the great bulwark of the Greeks, and the worthy favourite of Athena and Hera. (1.195, 208.) Previous to his dispute with Agamemnon, he ravaged the country around Troy, and destroyed twelve towns on the coast and eleven in the interior of the country. (9.328, &c.) When Agamemnon was obliged to give up Chryseis to her father, he threatened to take away Briseis from Achilles, who surrendered her on the persuasion of Athena, but at the same time refused to take any further part in the war, and shut himself up in his tent. Zeus, on the entreaty of Thetis, promised that victory should be on the side of the Trojans, until the Achaeans should have honoured her son. (1.26, to the end.) The affairs of the Greeks declined in consequence, and they were at last pressed so hard, that Agamemnon advised them to take to flight. (9.17, &c.) But other chiefs opposed this counsel, and an embassy was sent to Achilles, offering him rich presents and the restoration of Briseis (9.119, &c.); but in vain. At last, however, he was persuaded by Patroclus, his dearest friend, to allow him to make use of his men, his horses, and his armour. (16.49, &c.) Patroclus was slain, and when this news reached Achilles, he was seized with unspeakable grief. Thetis consoled him, and promised new arms, which were to be made by Hephaestus, and Iris appeared to rouse him from his lamentations, and exhorted him to rescue the body of Patroclus. (18.166, &c.) Achilles now rose, and his thundering voice alone put the Trojans to flight. When his new armour was brought to him, he reconciled himself to Agamemnon, and hurried to the field of battle, disdaining to take any drink or food until the death of his friend should be avenged. (19.155, &c.) He wounded and slew numbers of Trojans (xx. xxi.), and at length met Hector, whom he chased thrice around the walls of the city. He then slew him, tied his body to his chariot, and dragged him to the ships of the Greeks. (xxii.) After this, he burnt the body of Patroclus, together with twelve young captive Trojans, who were sacrificed to appease the spirit of his friend; and subsequently gave up the body of Hector to Priam, who came in person to beg for it. (xxiii. xxiv.) Achilles himself fell in the battle at the Scaean gate, before Troy was taken. His death itself does not occur in the Iliad, but it is alluded to in a few passages. (22.358, &c., 21.278, &c.) It is expressly mentioned in the Odyssey (24.36), &c.), where it is said that his fall--his conqueror is not mentioned--was lamented by gods and men, that his remains together with those of Patroclus were buried in a golden urn which Dionysus had given as a present to Thetis, and were deposited in a place on the coast of the Hellespont, where a mound was raised over them. Achilles is the principal hero of the Iliad, and the poet dwells upon the delineation of his character with love and admiration, feelings in which his readers cannot but sympathise with him. Achilles is the handsomest and bravest of all the Greeks; he is affectionate towards his mother and his friends, formidable in battles, which are his delight; open-hearted and without fear, and at the same time susceptible to the gentle and quiet joys of home. His greatest passion is ambition, and when his sense of honour is hurt, he is unrelenting in his revenge and anger, but withal submits obediently to the will of the gods. Later traditions.

These chiefly consist in accounts which fill up the history of his youth and death. His mother wishing to make her son immortal, is said to have concealed him by night in fire, in order to destroy the mortal parts he had inherited from his father, and by day she anointed him with ambrosia. But Peleus one night discovered his child in the fire, and cried out in terror. Thetis left her son and fled, and Peleus entrusted him to Cheiron, who educated and instructed him in the arts of riding, hunting, and playing the phorminx, and also changed his original name, Ligyron, i. e. the "whining," into Achilles. (Pind. N. 3.51, &c.; Orph. Argon. 395; Apollon. 4.813; Stat. Achil. 1.269, &c.; Apollod. 3.13.6, &c.) Cheiron fed his pupil with the hearts of lions and the marrow of bears. According to other accounts, Thetis endeavoured to make Achilles immortal by dipping him in the river Styx, and succeeded with the exception of the ankles, by which she held him (Fulgent. Mythol. 3.7; Stat. Achill. 1.269), while others again state that she put him in boiling water to test his immortality, and that he was found immortal except at the ankles. From his sixth year he fought with lions and bears, and caught stags without dogs or nets. The muse Calliope gave him the power of singing to cheer his friends at banquets. (Philostr. Her. 19.2.) When he had reached the age of nine, Calchas declared that Troy could not be taken without his aid, and Thetis knowing that this war would be fatal to him, disguised him as a maiden, and introduced him among the daughters of Lycomedes of Scyros, where he was called by the name of Pyrrha on account of his golden locks. But his real character did not remain concealed long, for one of his companions, Deidameia, became mother of a son, Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus, by him. The Greeks at last discovered his place of concealment, and an embassy was sent to Lycomedes, who, though he denied the presence of Achilles, yet allowed the messengers to search his palace. Odysseus discovered the young hero by a stratagem, and Achilles immediately promised his assistance to the Greeks. (Apollod. l.c.; Hyg. Fab. 96; Stat. Achil. 2.200.) A different account of his stay in Scyros is given by Plutarch (Plut. Thes. 35) and Philostratus. (Her. 19.3.)

Respecting his conduct towards Iphigeneia at Aulis, see Agamemnon, Iphigeneia.

During the war against Troy, Achilles slew Penthesileia, an Amazon, but was deeply moved when he discovered her beauty; and when Thersites ridiculed him for his tenderness of heart, Achilles killed the scoffer by a blow with the fist. (Q. Smyrn. 1.669, &c.; Paus. 5.11.2; comp. Soph. Philoct. 445; Lycoph. Cas. 999; Tzetzes, Posthom. 199.) He also fought with Memnon and Troilus. (Q. Smyrn. 2.480, &c.; Hyg. Fab. 112; Verg. A. 1.474, &c.) The accounts of his death differ very much, though all agree in stating that he did not fall by human hands, or at least not without the interference of the god Apollo. According to some traditions, he was killed by Apollo himself (Soph. Philoct. 334; Q. Smyrn. 3.62; Hor. Carm. 4.6.3, &c.), as he had been foretold. (Hom. Il. 21.278.) According to Hyginus (Hyg. Fab. 107), Apollo assumed the appearance of Paris in killing him, while others say that Apollo merely directed the weapon of Paris against Achilles, and thus caused his death, as had been suggested by the dying Hector. (Verg. A. 6.57 ; Ov. Met. 12.601, &c.; Hom. Il. 22.358, &c.) Dictys Cretensis (3.29) relates his death thus : Achilles loved Polyxena, a daughter of Priam, and tempted by the promise that he should receive her as his wife, if he would join the Trojans, he went without arms into the temple of Apollo at Thymbra, and was assassinated there by Paris. (Comp. Philostr. Her. 19.11; Hyg. Fab. 107 and 110; Dares Phryg. 34; Q. Smyrn. 3.50; Tzetz. ad Lycophr. 307.) His body was rescued by Odysseus and Ajax the Telamonian; his armour was promised by Thetis to the bravest among the Greeks, which gave rise to a contest between the two heroes who had rescued his body. [Ajax.]

After his death, Achilles became one of the judges in the lower world, and dwelled in the islands of the blessed, where he was united with Medeia or Iphigeneia. The fabulous island of Leuce in the Euxine was especially sacred to him, and was called Achillea, because, according to some reports, it contained his body. (Mela, 2.7; Schol. ad Pind. Nem. 4.49; Paus. 3.19.11.) Achilles was worshipped as one of the national heroes of Greece. The Thessalians, at the command of the oracle of Dodona, offered annual sacrifices to him in Troas. (Philostr. Her. 19.14.) In the ancient gymnasium at Olympia there was a cenotaph, at which certain solemnities were performed before the Olympic games commenced. (Paus. 6.23.2.) Sanctuaries of Achilles existed on the road from Arcadia to Sparta (Paus. 3.20.8), on cape Sigeum in Troas (Strab. xi. p.494), and other places. The events of his life were frequently represented in ancient works of art. (Böttiger, Vasengemälde, iii. p. 144, &c.; Museum Clement. 1.52, ? 17; Villa Borg. 1.9; Mus. Nap. 2.59.) [L.S]

Achilles

(Ἀχιλλεύς), a son of Lyson of Athens, who was believed to have first introduced in his native city the mode of sending persons into exile by ostracism. (Ptolem. Heph. vi. p. 333.) Several other and more credible accounts, however, ascribe this institution with more probability to other persons. [L.S]

Achilles Tatius

(Ἀχιλλεὺς τάτιος), or as Suidas and Eudocia call him Achilles Statius, an Alexandrine rhetorician, who was formerly believed to have lived in the second or third century of our aera. But as it is a well-known fact, which is also acknowledged by Photius, that he imitated Heliodorus of Emesa, he must have lived after this writer, and therefore belongs either to the latter half of the fifth or the beginning of the sixth century of our aera. Suidas states that he was originally a Pagan, and that subsequently he was converted to Christianity. The truth of this assertion, as far as Achilles Tatius, the author of the romance, is concerned, is not supported by the work of Achilles, which bears no marks of Christian thoughts, while it would not be difficult to prove from it that he was a heathen. Works Τὰ κατὰ Λευκίππην καὶ Κλειτοφῶντα

Achilles Tatius' romance is a history of the adventures of two lovers, Cleitophon and Leucippe. It bears the title Τὰ κατὰ Λευκίππην καὶ Κλειτοφῶντα, and consists of eight books. Notwithstanding all its defects, it is one of the best love-stories of the Greeks. Cleitophon is represented in it relating to a friend the whole course of the events from beginning to end, a plan which renders the story rather tedious, and makes the narrator appear affected and insipid. Achilles, like his predecessor Heliodorus, disdained having recourse to what is marvellous and improbable in itself, but the accumulation of adventures and of physical as well as moral difficulties, which the lovers have to overcome, before they are happily united, is too great and renders the story improbable, though their arrangement and succession are skilfully managed by the author. Numerous parts of the work however are written without taste and judgment, and do not appear connected with the story by any internal necessity. Besides these, the work has a great many digressions, which, although interesting in themselves and containing curious information, interrupt and impede the progress of the narrative. The work is full of imitations of other writers from the time of Plato to that of Achilles himself, and while he thus trusts to his books and his learning, he appears ignorant of human nature and the affairs of real life. The laws of decency and morality are not always paid due regard to, a defect which is even noticed by Photius. The style of the work, on which the author seems to have bestowed his principal care, is thoroughly rhetorical: there is a perpetual striving after elegance and beauty, after images, puns, and antitheses. These things, however, were just what the age of Achilles required, and that his novel was much read, is attested by the number of MSS. still extant. Editions Latin Editions

A part of it was first printed in a Latin translation by Annibal della Croce (Crucejus), Leyden, 1544; a complete translation appeared at Basel in 1554. Greek Editions

The first edition of the Greek original appeared at Heidelberg, 1601, 8vo, printed together with similar works of Longus and Parthenius. An edition, with a voluminous though rather careless commentary, was published by Salmasius, Leyden, 1640, 8vo. The best and most recent edition is by Fr. Jacobs, Leipzig, 1821, in 2 vols. 8vo. The first volume contains the prolegomena, the text and the Latin translation by Crucejus, and the second the commentary. Translations

There is an English translation of the work, by A. H. (Anthony Hodges), Oxford, 1638, 8vo. On the Sphere ascribed to Achilles Tatius

Suidas ascribes to this same Achilles Tatius, a work on the sphere (περὶ σφαίρας), a fragment of which professing to be an introduction to the Phaenomena of Aratus (Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὰ Ἀράτου Φαινόμενα) is still extant. But as this work is referred to by Firmicus (Mathes. 4.10), who lived earlier than the time we have assigned to Achilles, the author of the work on the Sphere must have lived before the time of the writer of the romance. The work itself is of no particular value. It is printed in Petavius, Uranologia, Paris, 1630, and Amsterdam, 1703, fol. Other works ascribed to Achilles Tatius

Suidas also mentions a work of Achilles Tatius on Etymology, and another entitled Miscellaneous Histories; as both are lost, it is impossible to determine which Achilles was their author. [L.S]

Achillēs is (poet. also eī or ī; acc.ea; voc.e; abl.ī), m

• , Αχιλλεύς, a Grecian hero.

Achilles

(Ἀχιλλεύς). (1) A son of Earth, to whom Heré fled from the pursuits of Zeus, and who persuaded her to return and marry that deity.

(2) The teacher of the centaur Chiron (q.v.).

(3) The inventor of the ostracism (q. v).

(4) A son of Zeus and Lamia, whose beauty was so great that, in the judgment of Pan, he bore away the prize in every contest. This so offended Aphrodité that she inspired Pan with a fruitless passion for the nymph Echo (q.v.), and further gave him a hideous appearance.

(5) The famous son of Peleus, king of Phthiotis in Thessaly, by Thetis, the sea-deity. According to Lycophron, Thetis became the mother of seven male children by Peleus, six of whom she threw into the fire, because they were not of the same nature with herself, and because the treatment she had received was unworthy of her rank as a goddess. The scholiast on Homer, however, states, that Thetis threw her children into the fire in order to ascertain whether they were mortal or not, the goddess supposing that the fire would consume what was mortal in their natures, while she would preserve what was immortal. The scholiast adds that six of her children perished by this harsh experiment, and that she had, in like manner, thrown the seventh, afterwards named Achilles, into the flames, when Peleus, having beheld the deed, rescued his offspring from this perilous situation. Tzetzes assigns a different motive to Thetis in the case of Achilles. He makes her to have been desirous of conferring immortality upon him, and states that with this view she anointed him with ambrosia during the day, and threw him into fire at evening. Peleus, having discovered the goddess in the act of consigning his child to the flames, cried out with alarm, whereupon Thetis, abandoning the object she had in view, left the court of Peleus and rejoined the nymphs of the ocean. Dictys Cretensis makes Peleus to have rescued Achilles from the fire before any part of his body had been injured but the heel. What has thus far been stated in relation to Achilles, with the single exception of the names of his parents, Peleus and Thetis, is directly at variance with the authority of Homer, and must therefore be regarded as a mere postHomeric fable. Equally at variance with the account given by the bard is the more popular fiction that Thetis plunged her son into the waters of the Styx, and by that immersion rendered the whole of his body invulnerable, except the heel by which she held him. There are several passages in the Iliad which plainly show that the poet does not ascribe to Achilles the possession of any peculiar physical defence against danger.

The care of his education and training was intrusted, according to the common authorities, to the centaur Chiron, and to Phoenix, son of Amyntor. Homer specifically mentions Phoenix as his first instructor. Those, however, who pay more regard in this case to the statements of other writers, make Chiron to have had charge of Achilles first, and to have fed him on the marrow of wild animals; according to Libanius, on that of lions. Calchas having predicted, when Achilles had attained the age of nine years, that Troy could not be taken without him, Thetis, well aware that her son, if he joined that expedition, was destined to perish, sent him disguised in female attire to the court of Lycomedes, king of the island of Scyros, for the purpose of being concealed there. At the court of Lycomedes, he received the name of Pyrrha (Πυρρά, Rufa), from his golden locks, and became the father of Neoptolemus by Deïdamia, one of the monarch's daughters. In this state of concealment Achilles remained until discovered by Odysseus, who came to the island in the disguise of a travelling merchant. The chieftain of Ithaca offered, it seems, various articles of female attire for sale, and mingled with them some pieces of armor. On a sudden blast being given with a trumpet, Achilles discovered himself by seizing upon the arms. The young warrior then joined the army against Troy. This account, however, of the concealment of Achilles is contradicted by the express authority of Homer, who represents him as proceeding directly to the Trojan war from the court of his father. (Il. ix. 439.) The Greeks, having made good their landing on the shores of Troas, proved so superior to the enemy as to compel them to seek shelter within their walls. No sooner was this done than the Greeks were forced to turn their principal attention to the means of supporting their numerous forces. A part of the army was therefore sent to cultivate the rich vales of the Thracian Chersonesus, then abandoned by their inhabitants on account of the incursions of the barbarians from the interior. But the Grecian army, being weakened by this separation of its force, could no longer deter the Trojans from again taking the field, nor prevent succour and supplies from being sent into the city. Thus the siege was protracted to the length of ten years. During a great part of this time, Achilles was employed in lessening the resources of Priam by the reduction of the tributary cities of Asia Minor. With a fleet he ravaged the coasts of Mysia, made frequent disembarkations of his forces, and succeeded eventually in destroying eleven cities. Among the spoils of one, Achilles obtained the beautiful Briseïs, while, at the taking of Thebé, Chryseïs, the daughter of Chryses, a priest of Apollo at Chrysa, became the prize of Agamemnon. A pestilence shortly after appeared in the Grecian camp, and Calchas, encouraged by the proffered protection of Achilles, ventured to attribute it to Agamemnon's detention of the daughter of Chryses, whom her father had endeavored to ransom, but in vain. The monarch, although deeply offended, was compelled at last to surrender his captive; but, as an act of retaliation, and to testify his resentment, he deprived Achilles of Briseïs. Hence arose “the anger of the son of Peleus,” on which is based the action of the Iliad. Achilles, on his part, withdrew his forces from the contest, and neither prayers nor entreaties, nor direct offers of reconciliation, couched in the most tempting and flattering terms, could induce him to return to the field. The death of his friend Patroclus, however, by the hand of Hector, roused him at length to action and revenge, and a reconciliation having thereupon taken place between the two Grecian leaders, Briseïs was restored. As the arms of Achilles, having been worn by Patroclus, had become the prize of Hector, Hephaestus, at the request of Thetis, fabricated a suit of impenetrable armour for her son. Arrayed in this, Achilles took the field, and after a great slaughter of the Trojans, and a contest with the god of the Scamander, by whose waters he was nearly overwhelmed, he met Hector, chased him thrice around the walls of Troy, and finally slew him by the aid of Athené. According to Homer, Achilles dragged the corpse of Hector at his chariot-wheels thrice round the tomb of Patroclus, and from the language of the poet he would appear to have done this for several days in succession. Vergil, however, makes Achilles to have dragged the body of Hector twice round the walls of Troy. In this it is probable that the Roman poet followed one of the cyclic or else the tragic writers. The corpse of the Trojan hero was at last yielded up to the tears and supplications of Priam, who had come for that purpose to the tent of Achilles, and a truce was granted the Trojans for the performance of the funeral obsequies. Achilles did not long survive his illustrious opponent. According to the more generally received account, as it is given by the scholiast on Lycophron, and also by Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius, Achilles, having become enamoured of Polyxena, the daughter of Priam, signified to the monarch that he would become his ally on condition of receiving her hand in marriage. Priam consented, and the parties having come for that purpose to the temple of the Thymbraean Apollo, Achilles was treacherously slain by Paris, who had concealed himself there, being wounded by him with an arrow in the heel. The ashes of the hero were mingled in a golden urn with those of his friend Patroclus, and were said to repose at Sigaeum.

(5) Achilles Tatius, a native of Alexandria, commonly assigned to the second or third century A.D., but probably much later. He is author of the novel entitled “The Loves of Leucippé and Clitophon” (Τὰ κατὰ Λευκίππην καὶ Κλειτοφῶντα), an interesting and graceful production, though marred by much licentiousness of phrase and allusion. Few works have been so often imitated. A good edition is that by Jacobs (Leipzig, 1821); and the text with a Latin version is given in the Erotici Scriptores of the Didot collection edited by Hirschig (Paris, 1856). Eng. trans. by Smith (London, 1855). See Novels and Romances.

Achilles Achilles, "Race" of

• a strip of land on the Pontic coast: Hdt. 4.55, Hdt. 4.76

Achilles(2), son of Peleus and Thetis

• Apollod. 3.13.5, Apollod. E.3.13
• put by his mother in the fire to make him immortal: Apollod. 3.13.5
• given to Chiron to be reared: Apollod. 3.13.6, Paus. 3.18.12
• fed on the flesh of lions, wild swine, and bears: Apollod. 3.13.6
• at first named Ligyron: Apollod. 3.13.6
• Iphigenia said to have been betrothed to: Apollod. E.3.20
• kills Tenes in Tenedos: Apollod. E.3.25
• whether a wooer of Helen or not: Paus. 3.24.10ff.
• whether he killed Las or not: Paus. 3.24.10
• lives with maidens at Scyros: Paus. 1.22.6
• bred as a maiden at the court of Lycomedes: Apollod. 3.13.7, Apollod. 3.13.8
• detected by Odysseus, goes to Troy: Apollod. 3.13.8
• goes to Troy: Paus. 3.24.11
• leader of the Myrmidons against Troy: Apollod. E.3.13
• admiral of the fleet against Troy: Apollod. E.3.16
• his hair vowed to river Spercheus: Paus. 1.37.3
• lands with the Myrmidons at Troy and kills Cycnus: Apollod. E.3.30
• captures Scyros: Paus. 1.22.6
• slaughters Troilus: Apollod. E.3.30
• captures Lycaon: Apollod. E.3.32
• lifts the cattle of Aeneas: Apollod. E.3.32
• takes many cities: Apollod. E.3.32
• angry on account of Briseis, does not fight: Apollod. E.3.34
• receives an embassy of the Greeks: Apollod. E.4.1
• sends Patroclus to fight the Trojans: Apollod. E.4.4
• recovers Briseis and lays aside his anger: Apollod. E.4.4
• grieves at death of Patroclus: Paus. 5.19.8ff.
• dons the armour of Hephaestus and goes forth to war: Apollod. E.4.4
• his conflict with the river Scamander: Apollod. E.4.4
• slays Hector, buries Patroclus, and allows Priam to ransom the body of Hector: Apollod. E.4.7
• slays Echeclus: Paus. 10.27.2
• fights Memnon: Paus. 3.18.12, Paus. 5.19.1, Paus. 5.22.2
• slays Memnon: Apollod. E.5.1
• fights Telephus: Paus. 8.45.7
• wounds Telephus: Apollod. E.3.16
• heals Telephus with the rust of his spear: Apollod. E.3.18
• slays Tennes: Paus. 10.14.4
• A. and Penthesilea: Paus. 5.11.6
• kills Penthesilia and Thersites: Apollod. E.4.7
• slain by Alexander and Apollo: Apollod. E.5.3, Paus. 1.13.9
• buried with Patroclus in the White Isle: Apollod. E.5.5
• Polyxena sacrificed at his grave: Apollod. E.5.22, Apollod. E.5.23, Paus. 1.22.6
• games in his honour: Apollod. E.5.5
• his arms, contended for by Ajax and Odysseus, adjudged to Odysseus: Apollod. E.5.5, Apollod. E.5.6
• beacon light kindled on his grave: Apollod. E.5.19
• painted by Polygnotus: Paus. 10.30.3
• statue at Delphi: Paus. 10.13.5
• armour: Paus. 4.28.7
• shield: Paus. 8.16.3, Paus. 9.29.7
• spear: Paus. 3.3.8
• sanctuaries: Paus. 3.20.8, Paus. 3.24.5
• temple and image in White Isle: Paus. 3.19.11
• wedded to Helen after death: Paus. 3.19.13
• consorts with Medea in the Isles of the Blest: Apollod. E.5.5
• worshipped along with Nereids: Paus. 2.1.8
• Spartan lads sacrifice to: Paus. 3.20.8
• annual festival at Brasiae: Paus. 3.24.5
• cenotaph at Elis: Paus. 6.23.3, Paus. 6.24.1
• mourned at sunset by women of Elis Paus. 6.23.3
• harbour of: Paus. 3.25.4