primus

prīmus, a, um: (num. adj., superl. of prior), first in space, time, order, degree, or dignity (usually referring to three or more); first, foremost, 5.151; front, fore-, 5.566; nearest, 2.32; first part of, 1.541; edge, border, outskirt of, 9.244; chief, 9.785; earliest, first, 1.345; for the first time, 11.573; as an adv., 1.442; 6.810, et al.; in the earliest times, 1.1; prīma proelia, the beginning of battle, 12.103; subst., prīmum, ī, n., the chief concern, affair, work, 8.408; prīmī, ōrum, m., foremost, first, 2.494; prīma, ōrum, n., the first place, front, van, 10.157; first prize, 5.194; adv., prīmum, first, 2.375; ut prīmum, as soon as, 1.306; prīmō, at first, in the beginning, 4.176; in prīmīs, or imprīmīs, especially, chiefly, 1.303.

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior; but primus is rarely used for prior, Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).

• I In gen.: qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse, Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57: primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio, Ter. Ad. 546: verum primum: verum igitur et extremum, Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27: primae litterae, id. Att. 9, 6, 5: primus inter homines nobilissimos, id. Sest. 3, 6: primi ex omnibus philosophis, id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4: primus de mille fuisses, Ov. H. 17, 105: in primis, among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3: in primis stetit, id. Epam. 10, 3: in primis pugnantes, Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573: primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis), Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
• II In partic.
• • A In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.: in primā provinciā, at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2: digitus, the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3: dentes, the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35: ranis prima lingua cohaeret, the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172: primā statim nocte, at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190: sol, i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255: luna, i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first: primo quoque tempore, at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1: primo quoque die, id. Phil. 8, 11, 33: me tibi primum quidque concedente, id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 16, 49: fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat, id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.—Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning: quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent, Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186: prima consiliorum (for prima consilia), Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first: multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139 (828); Ter. Phorm. 604; 642: in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius, Cic. Or. 8, 26: suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum, id. Fin. 4, 13, 32: hoc a primo cogitavit, id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.: id a primo rectissime dicitur, id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first: equites in primo late ire jubet, in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4: qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo, Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
  • B First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.: princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos, Caes. B. C. 1, 35: sui municipii facile primus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: homo, id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37: primis urbis placuisse, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23: juvenum primi, Verg. A. 9, 785: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt, Ter. Eun. 248: quia sum apud te primus, I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 90: primus humani generis, Sil. 17, 255: urbem Italiae primam, Petr. 116: praedium, Cato R. R. 1: suavia prima habere, to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 962: otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant, Sall. C. 36, 4: cura, a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense: peccatores, quorum primus ego sum, Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15: primas partes, or primas agere, to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. 27: primas in causis agebat Hortensius, Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing: actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias, Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part: amoris erga me tibi primas defero, i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place: si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit, id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49: primas tenere, to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly: homo domi suae cum primis locuples, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69: in primis lautus eques, Nep. Att. 13, 1: oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86: homo in primis improbissimus, id. ib. 2, 3, 27, § 68: vir magnus in primis, id. N. D. 1, 43, 120: in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat, id. de Or. 3, 5, 17: in primis nobis sermo de te fuit, id. Att. 5, 1, 3: in primis ... dein, first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
  • A prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.
  • • 1 In gen.: aedes primo ruere rebamur, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42 (1094): neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae, id. ib. 2, 1, 50 (600); Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26: primo non accredidit, Nep. Dat. 3, 4: Themistocles solus primo profectus est, id. Them. 6, 5: contemptus est primo a tyrannis, id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
    • 2 With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc: primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur, Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit, Sall. C. 10, 3: primo ... deinde ... tum ... tum, Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50: primo ... deinde, Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11: primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc., Cels. 5, 26, 34: primo ... inde, ... hinc, Liv. 30, 11, 6: haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc., Sall. C. 10, 6: dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente, Caes. B. G. 7, 15: primo ... postea ... postremo, etc., Liv. 26, 39: primo ... mox, id. 1, 50: primo ... mox deinde, Just. 1, 3: primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc., Sall. J. 111, 2: neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est, Ter. Hec. 713.—
    • 3 (Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo: primo ... iterum, Liv. 2, 51: primo ... rursus, Suet. Aug. 17: primo ... secundo, Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
  • B prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).
  • • 1 In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum: Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis, Caes. B. G. 1, 25: primum ... deinde ... deinde, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143: primum ... deinde ... tum ... postremo, id. N. D. 2, 1, 3: primum ... deinde ... praeterea ... postremo, id. Div. 2, 56, 116: primum ... tum ... deinde ... post ... tum ... deinde ...., id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.: primum ... secundo loco ... deinde ... tum, id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3: primum ... subinde, Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15: primum ... mox, id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
    • 2 Without other adverbs.
    • • • α In gen.: quaerenda pecunia primum est, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53: te Quicumque primum Produxit, id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
        • β Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13 (787): primum omnium ego ipse vigilo, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
    • 3 With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
    • • • α Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as: ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc., Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1: ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit, id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48: simul ac primum niti possunt, etc., id. N. D. 2, 48, 124: tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices, id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
        • β Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last): post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum, Ter. And. 936.—
        • γ With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, primumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.): primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26 (297): omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut, id. Most. 2, 1, 53 (400); 1, 2, 39 (122); id. Capt. 1, 2, 57 (166): primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus, id. Trin. 1, 2, 61 (99).—
        • δ With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time: hodie primum ire in ganeum, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37 (887): quo die primum convocati sumus, Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—*
  • C prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
  • D prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

primus [CL] 1 furthest in front, front-. ~i illi ac praecipui dentes ecclesiae, i. apostoli Bede Cant. 1131; sinciput, ~a pars capitis Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 558. 2 first in order of time, earliest; b (pred.); c (w. cardinal numeral). d (~a rosa; also as sb. f. ~a veris) primrose. in ~is adolescentiae tuae annis Gildas EB 33; ab Adam ~i hominis [sic] usque ad incarnationem Domini nostri Jesu Christi Theod. Laterc. 3; ~ae praevaricationis nexibus adstricti Aldh. VirgP 20 p. 250; neque ‥ dubitandum est inter ~as creaturas angelos esse conditos Bede Ep. Cath. 101; 942 ~i prothoplasti facinore CS 776; per liberum arbitrium peccavit apostata angelus sive ~us homo Anselm (Lib. Arb. 2) I 210; illa [BVM] ‥ ~a fuit ‥ que maledictionem ~orum parentum evasit Ailr. Serm. 22. 15. 319.  b en ~us occurrit nobis Samuel jussu Dei legitimi regni stabilitor Gildas EB 38; ‘Pytagoram’, nomen libri et philosophi qui ~us scripsit Comm. Cant. I 12; hic primus docuit cultores accola sanctos Aldh. VirgV 756; hic ~us regum Anglorum ‥ idola ‥ destrui ‥ praecepit Bede HE III 8 p. 142.  c illos tres ~os annos quibus finitimos expugnabat Sacra Scriptura numerat Andr. S. Vict. Dan. 105; c1210 per primos tres annos Ch. Chester 349 p. 348.  d primula veris, ~a rosa [v. l. ~a veris] idem. G. et A. primerole Alph. 146. 3 that is in its first stage, young. unde et primo quidem apparuit ~a mane Mariae Magdalene Theod. Laterc. 11; ~um vinum valet senibus ‥ nocet vero juvenibus Bacon V 91. 4 (as ordinal, first in a series or sequence). b (~a feria) Sunday. c (ellipt.) the first book, epistle, part, or sim. in tali negotio praeloquatur in ~a epistola dicens Gildas EB 97; iterum ad Corinthios in ~a epistola Ib. 100; xl et ~o anno mense sexto regni ejusdem Caesaris Theod. Laterc. 2; intravit cubiculum ‥ erat enim ~a hora noctis Bede HE II 12 p. 108; cantato ~o versu lxvii psalmi Felix Guthl. Cap. p. 68; Nisan, ~us mensis, i. Martius Gl. Leid. 22. 13; jussu ~i Valentiniani imperatoris W. Malm. GR I 68; in voce ~e persone loquens Andr. S. Vict. Dan. 44; quilibet potest videre ad oculum, si aspiciat celum, quod luna est prima secundum veritatem per tres dies vel quatuor antequam signetur in kalendario Bacon Tert. 281; mensis lunaris a primatione lune incipit quapropter in principio mundi luna prima fuit Id. Maj. I 199.  b 691 viij die mensis Januarii, ~a feria CS 42; Neckam NR I 10 (v. 1 feria 3a).  c eo spectat illud Boetii in ~o de Trinitate J. Sal. Met. 883B; in ~o contra Academicos dicit Augustinus Ib. 931C; sicut ait apostolus ~a ad Corinthios iijO: ‥ T. Chobham Serm. 20. 97ra; in ~o ludi Ludus Angl. 163. 5 of the best or highest quality, prime, (as sb. f. or n. pl.) the best things. b (? w. ref. to gratuity or payment). princeps, quasi ~a capiens GlC P 711; princeps ‥ quasi ~as capiens Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 127.  b 1267 nec videatur vobis remuneracionis nostre dilacio tediosa, ~a namque vestra que varia impedimenta contra voluntatem nostram hactenus distulerunt vobis quamcitius poterimus cum usuris reddi ‥ faciemus Cl 363. 6 most important, powerful, or distinguished, first in dignity or authority: a (of person, also as sb.); b (of institution, act, or abstr.). a 680 ut [abbas] ~us vel inter ~os adhæreat CS 48 p. 76; ecce ~us apostolorum quasi oblitus sui prioratus Bede Ep. Cath. 83; primus erat quorum Sigericus, onomate pulchro / victor honore potens, victor in arce nitens Wulf. Swith. pref. 213; coram rege et ~is totius Anglie Osb. Clar. V. Ed. Conf. 8 p. 81; c1270 primo appellatur ~us de assisa [foreman of a jury] SelCWW cc.  b Roma caput mundi, primi quoque culmen honoris Alcuin Carm. 45. 31; harum ‥ omnium ~a est logica J. Sal. Met. 840A; †725 (12c) ecclesia Domini nostri Jesu Christi ‥ sicut in regno Britannie est ~a et fons et origo totius religionis CS 142 p. 208; ~a virtus est perfecta ad seipsum innocentia Bald. Cant. Serm. 1. 43. 571. 7 from which (all) other things are derived, primary. omnis alius intellectus verborum istorum est mysticus et non ~us Ockham Pol. I 92. 8 (~us motus, ~um mobile or movens) primum mobile, first mover (also transf., w. ref. to prime source or original cause). in speram nonam, quo ~us motus sive ~um mobile dicitur Sacrob. Sph. 77; ~us motus dicitur motus ~i mobilis, hoc est spere none sive celi ultimi Ib. 86; item aptissima est motui. ergo debetur ~o mobili Bacon Maj. I 155; sicut Avicenna docet tertio Metaphysice, ~um movens est cogitatio Id. NM 530; contrarius motui ~i mobilis Bacon VII 71; illud ‥ in quo est principium motus, quod dicitur ~um movens T. Sutton Gen. & Corrupt. 68 (cf. ib.: ultimum movens movet motum); raptu ~i mobilis [v. l. motabilis] ab Oriente in Occidentem Eul. Hist. I 14; si lector posita prudenter cuncta revolvat / hinc finem primi mobilis inveniet (Vers.) Flete Westm. 113. 9 (of number) prime. numerus ~us est ille qui unitate sola numeratur Adel. Elem. VII def. 8; erit illorum numerorum uterque ad alterum ~us Ib. VII 1; si non repperitur numerus ~us qui priorem numeret Ib. 29; omnis numerus compositus ab aliquo ~o numeratur Ib.. 10 (as sb. f. or n., eccl., canonical hour or office of) prime. b (secundaria ~a) office of BVM, said after prime. c (generally) first hour of the day, usu. to coincide with sunrise. d (alta ~a) high prime, about 9 A.M. e (dimidia ~a) half-prime, ? l. about 7 A.M. c804 ~um [celebramus] propter initium diei ‥ tertiam ‥ sextam ‥ nonam ‥ vesperam ‥ completorium Alcuin Ep. 304a; cantavimus de omnibus sanctis et matutinales laudes; post haec ~am [AS: prim] et septem psalmos Ælf. Coll. 101; primo diluculo ~a canenda est Id. Regul Mon. 175; facta oratione cantent ~am et psalmos familiares cum suis collectis et septem psalmos et litaniam Lanfr. Const. 87; statim post laudes ~am canunt W. Malm. GR IV 336; Athanasius symbolum fecit, quod ad ~am dicitur R. Niger Chr. II 127.  b dicuntur ‥ psalmi penitenciales ‥ in estate post secundariam ~am antequam fratres intrent capitulum Obs. Barnwell 104.  c ~a, prim. tertia, undern. sexta, middæg Ælf. Gl. sup. 175; colifium ‥ i. panis qui post meridiem vel post ~am laborantibus datur Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 95; 1212 ipsa venit die crastina et fodit in orto usque ~am et circa ~am venit quedam mulier SelPlCrown 63; s1214 ita ut inter ~am et nonam sedata esset ‥ illa perturbatio W. Newb. Cant. 516.  d ibi ‥ usque ad altam ~am expectes Knighton I 22 (v. altus 5).  e predicto die Martis circa dimidiam ~am contingebat [MS: contigebat] ambulare per predictam grangiam IMisc 234. 5. 11 (~a Sabbati) first day after the Sabbath (w. ref. to calculation of Easter). sciebat ‥ resurrectionem Dominicam ‥ ~a Sabbati semper esse celebrandam Bede HE III 4 p. 135; Dominica dies, quae tunc ~a Sabbati vocabatur Ib. III 25 p. 185; nox diluculi Resurreccionis ad ~am Sabbati pertinet Eul. Hist. I 66. 12 (n. sg. abl. ~o as adv.): a at first, in the first place, originally, to begin with. b (~o omnium) first of all. c at the earliest moment, (~o mane) very early in the morning, at the break of dawn. d for the first time. a unde et ~o quidem apparuit prima mane Mariae Magdalene Theod. Laterc. 11; ~o abisse in Arabiam et iterum reversum esse Damascum; deinde ‥ Bede Acts 964; ~o quidem foris sepultus est; tempore autem procedente ‥ Id. HE III 23 p. 176; sufficere sibi tamen credebant ad hoc opus aggrediendum ~o per Deum postea per homines Canon. G. Sempr. f. 110; ~o, quia onerosum; secundo, quia nexuosum est ‥ tertio T. Chobham Serm. 5. 27rb.  b s1127 ~o omnium jurant archiepiscopi, sicque per ordinem episcopi J. Worc. 27.  c noster paterfamilias exiit ~o mane Elmh. Cant. 87.  d si excitat ipse ~o xx dies, iterans xl dies peniteat Theod. Pen. I 8.9; 1269 A. defendens versus B. de placito transgressionis per ~o vel secundo vel tertio CBaron 82. 13 (n. sg. acc. ~um as adv.): a in the first place, first in a series, to begin with. b for the first time. c (cum ~um) as soon as. a fructus ~um quidem tenues postea jam paulatim maturi Theod. Laterc. 17; ~um quidem, karissimi, ‥ satis esse dignum putavi ‥ Id. Pen. pref. p. 176; ~um quidem ponimus quod in prima aetate accidisse relatu multorum didicimus V. Cuthb. I 3; in hos ~um arma verti jubet, et sic ceteras ‥ copias ‥ delevit Bede HE II 2 p. 84; prosaice primum scripsit sermone magister [Beda] / et post heroico cecinit miracula versu Alcuin SS Ebor 685; ~um ad genua, mox ad femora, terre dimersi sumus W. Malm. GR II 174.  b tempore ‥ Tiberii Caesaris ‥ radios suos ~um indulget, i. sua praecepta, Christus Gildas EB 8; Picti in extrema parte insulae tunc ~um et deinceps requieverunt Ib. 21.  c is, cum ~um ad abbatiam venit ‥ W. Malm. GP V 265. 14 (in ~is, also imprimis) at first, in the first place, to begin with. in ~is haec insula Brettones solum ‥ incolas habuit Bede HE I 1 p. 11; 957 (14c) imprimis [ME: fyrst] incipe apud vadum CS 988 p. 184; in ~is Donatus dicit quod ‥ Abbo QG 2 (5); si quicquam est quod in hac vita hominem teneat et inter adversa et turbines mundi equo animo manere persuadeat, id esse in ~is, reor, meditacionem sanctarum scripturarum W. Malm. Glast. prol. p. 40; [legatis] ‥ lectis ‥ litteris [apostolicis] coram rege ‥ licet non in ~is, vix tandem pro reverentia Domini pape susceptus est Gerv. Cant. Chr. I 101; 1469 onerat se in ~is de xxvij li. v. s. ExchScot 644. 15 (~um quam as conj.) before. ~um quam in abbatem designaretur dominus Thomas, vix quatuordecim fratres in monasterio videbantur Ferr. Kinloss 70. 16 (as personal name) Primus. ibi reconditi sunt martires ~us et Felicianus W. Malm. GR IV 352.

1 prīmus, (5) a, um (pris, cf. pristinus, etc.), superl. correspondant au comp. prior.

I ¶ 1 le plus en avant, le plus avancé, le premier [entre plusieurs, au point de vue du lieu, de la chronologie, du classement, etc.] : primus inter, primus ex Cic. Sest. 6 ; Fin. 4, 17, le premier parmi ; primæ litteræ... postremæ Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5, la première lettre (épître).... la dernière || [attribut] : is primus vulnus obligavit Cic. Nat. 3, 57, cʼest lui qui le premier banda une plaie ; primus venisti... Cic. Fam. 13, 48, tu es le premier à être venu || in primis pugnare Sall. C. 60, 6 ; stare Nep. Epam. 10, 3, combattre, se tenir dans les premiers, aux premiers rangs ; primi Cæs. G. 5, 43, 5, les premiers, ceux qui sont le plus en avant || [avec quisque ] : non ut quidque dicendum primum est, ita primum animadvertendum videtur Cic. Inv. 1, 19, ce nʼest pas dans la mesure où chaque chose doit être dite avant les autres quʼil faut également sʼen occuper avant les autres, lʼordre dans lequel on doit parler des choses nʼest pas celui dans lequel on doit sʼen occuper ; fluit voluptas corporis et prima quæque avolat Cic. Fin. 2, 106, le plaisir physique est passager et le premier éprouvé est le premier à sʼenvoler ; primum quidque videamus Cic. Nat. 3, 7, voyons chaque point successivement ; primo quoque tempore, die Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1 ; Phil. 8, 33, à la première occasion, au premier jour, le plus tôt possible, incessamment ¶ 2 prīma, ōrum, n. a) le premier rang : Cic. Or. 4 ; b) les éléments, atomes : Lucr. 4, 186 ; c) prima naturæ Cic. Fin. 3, 31 ; 5, 45, ou prima naturalia Cic. Fin. 2, 34 = πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν des Stoïciens, les impulsions premières de la nature humaine et [p. ext.] les biens qui y correspondent ; d) prima consiliorum Tac. H. 2, 11 = prima consilia, les premières décisions ; e) flos ad prima tenax Virg. G. 2, 134, fleur tenace au premier chef ; f) in primis, cum primis, v. imprimis, cumprimis ¶ 3 le plus important, le principal : primus civitatis Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, le premier de la cité ; primus homo Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, homme du premier rang, citoyen le plus important || primæ partes ou primæ seul, le premier rôle : primas agere, tenere Cic. Br. 308 ; 327, jouer, tenir le premier rôle ; primas deferre Cic. Br. 84 ; dare Cic. de Or. 3, 213 ; concedere Cic. Cæcil. 49 ; ferre Cic. Br. 183, accorder, attribuer, concéder le premier rang, obtenir le premier rang.

II ¶ 1 la première partie de, la partie antérieure de : prima ora Virg. G. 3, 399, la partie antérieure de la bouche ; in prima provincia Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2, à lʼentrée de la province ¶ 2 le commencement de : prima luce, prima nocte, au commencement du jour, de la nuit : Cæs. G. 1, 22, 1 ; 1, 27, 7 ; primo vere Cæs. G. 6, 3, 4, au début du printemps ¶ 3 [dʼoù] a) prima [n. pl.] Liv. 8, 3, les commencements ; b) a primo Cic. Or. 26, dès le commencement ; a primo ad extremum Cic. Fin. 4, 32, du début à la fin ; c) in primo Cic. Or. 215, au commencement, ou Sall. J. 68, 4, en première ligne, cf. Liv. 25, 21, 6 ; d) in primum succedere Liv. 10, 14, 17, venir prendre la place dʼune troupe en première ligne, cf. Liv. 2, 20, 10 ; 2, 46, 7 ; e) v. primo.

primus, a, um. adj.
第一。不亞於人。— omnium 衆間之一。Primo quoque die vel primo quoque tempore 初逢之際。Prima luce 淸早時。Prima vespera vel primis tenebris 天始黑時。Prima specie 始見。外皮。Primis labris gustasse physiologiam 畧學格物。Primam dices si videris 若汝見此女將謂至美者。Primas dare vel deferre vel concedere ei 讓彼首位。Primas tenere vel ferre vel* agere 爲首。在先。Si prima prospera fuissent 若初事順。In prima tabula 笫一出戯。Primum habere 看重。A primo 自起初。

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*primus, i. f.
出大紅色樹名。

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prīmus adj. sup.

• PRO-, the first, first: Primus sentio mala nostra, T.: primae litterae: primus Graecae civitatis in Thraciam introiit, N.: primus de mille fuisses, O.—Plurm. as subst: in primis stetit, among the foremost, N.: in primis pugnantes, in the van, S.: Utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis Institerat (i. e. ut primum), V.—In time or place, first, fore, foremost: in primā provinciā, at the entrance of the province: sol, i. e. the rising sun, V.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first: primo quoque tempore, at the very first opportunity: me tibi primum quidque concedente.—As substn., sing. and plur, the first part, beginning: quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent, L.: utinam a primo ita tibi esset visum, from the first: equites in primo late ire iubet, in the van, S.: qui numerus in primo viget, iacetin extremo, first part.—Fig., of rank or merit, first, chief, principal, excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble: evocat ad se Massiliā quindecim primos, Cs.: sui municipi facile primus: primis urbis placuisse, H.: iuvenum primi, V.: apud te primus, first in your favor, T.: otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant, S.: primas partīs qui aget, plays the leading part, T.: si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit.—Plurf. as subst.(only acc; sc. partīs), the first rank, lead, highest place: actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, ascribed supreme importance: amoris erga me tibi primas defero, i. e. the first place among those who love me.—Plur. abl. as subst., in the phrases, in primis, cum primis, among the first, with the foremost, eminently, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly: vir fortis in primis: oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum: homo in primis improbissimus: in primis . . . deinde, in the first place, S.: homo cum primis locuples.