Libitina

Lĭbĭtīna, ae, f. [libet, līber], the goddess of corpses, in whose temple everything pertaining to burials was sold or hired out, and where the registers of deaths were kept.

• I Lit.: triginta funerum milia in rationem Libitinae venerunt, were registered, Suet. Ner. 39.—
• II Transf.
• • A The requisites for burial, the apparatus of funerals: pestilentia tanta erat ut Libitina vix sufficeret, i.e. it was hardly possible to bury all the dead, Liv. 40, 19, 3: ne liberorum quidem funeribus Libitina sufficiebat, id. 41, 21, 6.—
  • • 2 Esp., a bier, a funeral pile: dum levis arsura struitur libitina papyro, Mart. 10, 97; Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 45.—
    • 3 The undertaker's business, the disposal of corpses: Libitinam exercere, Val. Max. 5, 2, 10.—
  • B Death (poet.): multaque pars mei Vitabit Libitinam, Hor. C. 3, 30, 6; cf. id. S. 2, 6, 19: Libitinam evadere, Juv. 14, 122; Phaedr. 4, 18 fin.

Libitīna, ae, f., I) die Leichengöttin, in deren Tempeln man Bahren u. andere zur Leichenbestattung nötige Geräte, nebst allen Leuten, die man dazu brauchte, mieten konnte u. die Totenlisten geführt wurden, quaestus Libitinae acerbae, Hor.: funera in rationem Libitinae venerunt, wurden verzeichnet, Suet. Ner. 39, 1. – II) meton.: 1) die Leichenrequisiten, pestilentia tanta erat, ut Libitina vix sufficeret, daß sie kaum alle begraben werden konnten, Liv. 40, 19, 3: ne liberorum (Freien) quidem funeribus Libitina sufficiebat, Liv. 41, 21, 6. – insbes., die Totenbahre, Mart. 10, 97. Plin. 37, 45. – 2) das Leichenbesorgeramt, libitinam exercere, Val. Max. 5, 2, 10. – 3) das Leichenbegängnis, der Leichenzug, Amm. 19, 12, 1 u. 29, 2, 15. – 4) der Tod, Hor. carm. 3, 30, 7. Iuven. 14, 122.

Libitina [CL], ~um 1 goddess of funerals (in quot. by transf. death). quid enim ~a distat et epilensia? W. Cant. Mir. Thom. II 6. 2 funeral bier. b funeral canopy. ~as fieri imperavit, quibus ‥ corpora ‥ ad ‥ coenobium allata sunt Pass. Indracti f. 101v; hic, Augustine, micat aula tuae libithinae R. Cant. Poems 29. 5; s1183 corpus ‥ in ~a reponitur, et impositum humeris commilitonum ‥ deportatur Diceto YH 20; 1433 ~as sive feretra in quibus corpora defunctorum ‥ afferuntur ‥ percipiet Reg. Heref. 164; 1441 pro j formula et j lebitina ab eo emptis Ac. Churchw. Som 180; pro una ~a lignea Ib. 183; hic loculus, a bere; est loculus bursa, parvus locus et lubitina WW; hec libetina, A. a bere WW; 1504 habere ~am, Anglice a heeler, ornatam nobilioribus ornamentis universitatis coram crucifixo in ede beate Virginis StatOx 320.  b 1368 iiij corporalia, ij ~a, ij ciste pro vestimentis Invent. Norw. 127; s1396 super feretrum sub herse perpulchro, sub ~a pannis aureis undique decorata G. S. Alb. III 422; remansit loco corporis cista ~e supposita Ib. 423.

Lĭbĭtīna, (14) æ, f. , ¶ 1 déesse des morts : Suet. Nero 39 ¶ 2 appareil des funérailles : Liv. 40, 19, 3 || cercueil : Mart. 10, 97, 1 ; Plin. 37, 45 || administration des pompes funèbres : Val. Max. 5, 2, 10 || la Mort [poét.] : Hor. O. 3, 30, 7 ; Juv. 14, 122.

libitina, ae. f.
女神名。死。棺。柩。排殯。備殯。

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Libiti'na

an ancient Italian divinity, who was identified by the later Romans sometimes with Persephone (on account of her connection with the dead and their burial) and sometimes with Aphrodite. The latter was probably the consequence of etymological speculations on the name Libitina, which people connected with libido. (Plut. Num. 12, Quaest. Rom. 23.) Her temple at Rome was a repository of everything necessary for burials, and persons might there either buy or hire those things. It was owing to this circumstance, that a person undertaking the proper burial of a person (an undertaker) was called libitinarius, and his business libitina, whence the expressions libitinam exercere, or facere (Senec. de Benef. 6.38; V. Max. 5.2.10), and libitina funeribus non sufficiebat, i. e. they could not all be buried. (Liv. 40.19, 41.21.) Also the utensils kept in the temple, especially the bed on which corpses were burnt, were called libitina. (Plin. Nat. 37.3; Martial, 10.97; Ascon. Argum. ad Milon.) Dionysius (4.79) relates that king Servius Tullius, in order to ascertain the number of persons who died, ordained that for each person that had died, a piece of money should be deposited in the temple of Libitina. (Comp. Suet. Nero 39.) Owing to this connection of Libitina with the dead, Roman poets frequently employ her name in the sense of death itself. (Hor. Carm. 3.30. 6; Sat. 2.6, 19, Epist. 2.1. 49; Juvenal. 14.122.) [L.S]

Libitīna ae, f

• the goddess of corpses (in her temple were kept the funeral apparatus and the registries of death): acerba, H.—The apparatus of funerals: pestilentia tanta erat ut Libitina vix sufficeret, i. e. the dead could hardly be buried, L. —Death: vitare Libitinam, H., Iu.

Libitīna

An ancient Italian goddess of voluptuous delight and of gardens, vineyards, and vintages, originally connected with Venus, and therefore often called Venus Libitina. She was also regarded as the goddess of death and of the departed, and was therefore afterwards identified with Proserpina. By an ancient ordinance, asscribed originally to Servius Tullius, for every person who died in Rome a piece of money was deposited in her temple. Everything requisite for burials was kept there, and had to be bought or borrowed from it. Hence a person undertaking the burial of a person (an undertaker) was called libitinarius, and his business libitina; whence the expression libitina funeribus non sufficiebat—i. e. they could not all be buried. Owing to the connection of Libitina with the dead, the Roman poets frequently employ her name in the sense of death itself.