Paeonius

• of or belonging to the god of medicine (Παιών), healing, medicinal (poet.): herbae, Verg. A. 7, 769: ope Paeoniā, Ov. M. 15, 535: fontes, Sil. 14, 27: unda, Claud. Apon. 67: cura, id. B. Get. 121.

instructed the two young Ciceros, Marcus and Quintus. in rhetoric, B. C. 54 (Cic. ad Qu. Fr. 3.3.4).

(Παιώνιος).

1. Of Ephesus, an architect, whose time is uncertain; most probably he lived between B. C. 420 and 380. In conjunction with Demetrius, he finally completed the great temple of Artemis, at Ephesus, which Chersiphron had begun [Chersiphron]; and, with Daphnis the Milesian, he began to build at Miletus a temple of Apollo, of the Ionic order. (Vitruv. vii. Praef. § 16.) The latter was the famous Didymaeum, or temple of Apollo Didymus, the ruins of which are still to be seen near Miletus. The former temple, in which the Branchidae had an oracle of Apollo (from which the place itself obtained the name of Branchidae), was burnt at the capture of Miletus by the army of Dareius, B. C. 498. (Hdt. 6.19; see Bähr's Note.) The new temple, which was on a scale only inferior to that of Artemis, was never finished. It was dipteral, decastyle, hypaethral: among its extensive ruins two columns are still standing. (Strab. xiv. p.634; Paus. 7.5.4; Chandler, p. 151; Ionian Antiq. vol. i. c . 3. p. 27; Hirt, Gesch. d. Baukunst, vol. ii. p. 62, and pl. ix. x.)

2. Of Mende, in Thrace, a statuary and sculptor, of whom we have but little information, but whose celebrity may be judged of from the fact, that he executed the statues in the pediment of the front portico of the temple of Zeus at Olympia, those in the pediment of the portico of the opisthodomus being entrusted to Alcamenes (Paus. 5.10). He also made the bronze statue of Nike, which the Messenians of Naupactus dedicated at Olympia. (Paus. 10.26.1.) He must have flourished about the 86th Olympiad, B. C. 435. (See further, Sillig, Catal. Art. s. u. ; Müller, Archäol. de Kunst, § 112. n. 1. 119, n. 2.) [P.S]

• of Paeon (god of physicians), healing, medicinal: herbae, V.: ope Paeoniā, O.

(Παιώνιος). (1) A Greek sculptor of Mendé in Thrace. About B.C. 436 he was employed in the decoration of the temple of Zeus in Olympia. According to Pausanias (v. 10 6), he was the sculptor of the marble groups in the front, or eastern, pediment of the temple, representing the preparations for the chariot-race between Pelops and Oenomaüs. (See Olympia.) Important portions of these have been brought to light by German excavators. He was also the sculptor of the figure of Niké, more than life-size, dedicated by the Messenians (Pausan. v. 26 1), which has been restored to us by the same means. With the exception of the head, it is in fairly good preservation.

(2) See Eutropius.

(3) An architert of Ephesus who, with Demetrius, completed the great temple of Artemis in that city. With Daphnis, a Milesian, he began the so-called Didymaeum or temple of Apollo Didymus at Miletus—a structure, however, which was never finished (Herod.vi. 19; Pausan. vii. 5, 4). See Ephesus.

• sculptor: Paus. 5.10.8, Paus. 5.26.1