Panopeus
PANOPEUSor PHANOTEUS(Πανοπεύς, Hom. Strab. Paus.; Πανόπη, Hes. ap. Strab. 9. p. 424; Steph. B. s. v.;Ov. Met. 3.19; Stat. Theb. 7.344; Πανοπέαι, Hdt. 8.34; Φανοτεύς, said by Strab., 9. p. 423, to be its name in his time, but the form also occurs in Thuc. 4.89; Φανότεια, Steph. B. s. v.;Phanotea, Liv. 32.18: Eth. Πανοπεύς, Φανοτεύς), an ancient town of Phocis, near the frontier of Boeotia, and on the road from Daulis to Chaeroneia. Pausanias says that Panopeus was 20 stadia from Chaeroneia, and 7 from Daulis (9.4. § § 1, 7); but the latter number is obviously a mistake. The ruins at the village of Aio Vlasi(ἅγιος Βλάσις), which are clearly those of Panopeus, are distant about 20 stadia from Képurna(Chaeroneia), but as much as 27 stadia from Dhavlía(Daulis). Panopens was a very ancient town, originally inhabited by the Phlegyae. Schliedius, the king of Panopeus, and his brother, were the leaders of the Phocians in the Trojan War. (Paus. 10.4.1.) Panopeus was also celebrated for the grave of Tityus, who was slain by Apollo at this place. because he attempted to offer violence to Leto on her way to Delphi. (Hom. Od. 10.576; Paus. 10.4.5.) Panopeus was destroyed by Xerxes (Hdt. 8.34), and again by Philip at the close of the Sacred War. (Paus. 10.3.1.) It was taken by the Romans in is. 100.198, on the first attack (Liv. 32.18; Plb. 5.96); and was destroyed for the third time in the campaign between Sulla and Archelaus, the general of Mithridates. (Plut. Sull. 16.) Pausanias says that the ancient city was 7 stadia in circuit ; but in his time the place consisted of only a few huts, situated on the side of a torrent. There are still considerable remains of the ancient walls upon the rocky heights, above Aio Vlasi. The masonry is of different periods, as one might have expected from the twofold destruction of the city. There are no longer any remains of the tomb of Tityus, which, according to Pausanias, was the third of a stadium in circumference, and stood on the side of the torrent. Pausanias also mentions on the side of the Sacred Way a building of unbaked bricks, containing a statue of Pentelic marble, which was supposed to be intended either for Asclepius or Prometheus. It was believed by some that Prometheus made the human race out of the sandy-coloured rocks ill the neighbourhood, and that they still smelt like human flesh. (Dodwell, Classical Tour, vol. 1. p. 207; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. 2. p. 109; Ulrichs, Reisen, &c. p. 151.)
(Πανοπεύς). The son of Phocus and Asteropaea, who accompanied Amphitryon on his expedition against the Taphians or Teleboans, and took an oath not to embezzle any part of the booty; but having broken his oath, he was punished by his son Epeus becoming unwarlike. He is also mentioned among the Calydonian hunters (Il. xxiii. 665). Cf. Pausan. ii. 29, 4; Ovid, Met. viii. 312.
(Πανοπεύς), Panopeae (Πανοπέαι), or Panŏpé (Πανόπη). An ancient town in Phocis on the Cephissus and near the frontiers of Boeotia, twenty stadia west of Chaeronea, said to have been founded by Panopeus, son of Phocus (Herod.viii. 34).
On the frontier with Boiotia, S of and below the Narrows of the Kephisos. Panopeus, called “kallichoros” by Homer, was on the “Sacred Road” from Athens to Delphi; Athenian women known as Thyiads danced there, on their way to Delphi (Hom. Od. 11.581; Paus. 10.4.1-5). The Phokian king Schedios resided there (Hom. Il. 17.306); Epeios, builder of the Trojan Horse, was son of the eponymous hero Panopeus (Od. 8.493-5; Il. 23. 665); and Mycenaean remains have been found on the acropolis.
Pausanias found the site a wretched hamlet (no administrative buildings, gymnasium, theater, agora, or fountains, very poor houses). He was, however, shown the burial mound of Tityos, and a mudbrick shrine of Prometheus, near which lay two huge stones, said to be remains of the clay from which Prometheus molded mankind. He was impressed by the city walls, which are still imposing, especially on the S side of the hill. The curtains stand as high as 5 to 6 m; one tower, with its screen-wall partly intact, is ca. 9 m high; and in Dodwell's day some doors and windows of tower-chambers were preserved. These walls like others in Phokis, must be later than the destruction of 346 (during the Third Sacred War). N of the citadel, Leake traced much of the line of wall descending to the edge of the plain, and enclosing the lower town; and grave inscriptions have been found around the village.
BIBLIOGRAPHYJ. G. Frazer, Paus. Des. Gr. (1898) v 216ff; E. Kirsten, RE XVIII2(1949) 637-49P; F. E. Winter, Greek Fortifications (1971) 146, 172-73, 248I.
F. E. WINTER- Paus. 10.4.1-5
- on the borders of Phocis and Boeotia, Xerxes' army there: Hdt. 8.34
- destroyed after Sacred War: Paus. 10.3.1
- Apollod. 2.4.7
- Paus. 2.29.4