calamus

călămus, i, m., = κάλαμος.

• Lit., a reed, cane (pure Lat. harundo; cf. canna), Plin. 16, 36, 65, § 159 sq.; 16, 21, 33, § 80; Col. 3, 15, 1; 4, 4, 1; Pall. Nov. 22, 3 al.: aromaticus (found in Syria and Arabia), sweet calamus, Col. 12, 52, 2: odoratus, Plin. 12, 22, 48, § 104; Veg. 6, 13, 3.—Also absol.: calamus, Cato R. R. 105, 2; Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 8 sq.: Syriacus, Veg. 4, 13, 4.—
• II Meton.
• • A For objects made of reeds (cf. harundo, and Liddell and Scott, under κάλαμος).
  • • 1 A reed-pen (cf. Dict. of Antiq.; class.): quicumque calamus in manus meas inciderit, eo utar tamquam bono, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 14 (15 b), 1: sumere, id. Att. 6, 8, 1: calamo et atramento militare, Cato ap. Ruf. p. 199: quoad intinguntur calami, Quint. 10, 3, 31: transversus, Hor. A. P. 447: scriptorius, Cels. 7, 11; 7, 27; Scrib. 10, 47.—
    • 2 A reed-pipe, reed (cf. Lucr. 5, 1380 sq.; the form is described in Tib. 2, 5, 32; Ov. M. 1, 711): unco saepe labro calamos percurrit hiantes, with curved lip runs over the open reeds, Lucr. 4, 590; 5, 1382; 5, 1407; Verg. E. 2, 34; 5, 48; 1, 10; 2, 32; 5, 2; Cat. 63, 22; Prop. 3 (4), 17, 34; 4 (5), 1, 24; Ov. M. 11, 161 al.—
    • 3 An arrow: hastas et calami spicula Gnosii, Hor. C. 1, 15, 17; Verg. E. 3, 13; Prop. 2 (3), 19, 24; Ov. M. 7, 778; 8, 30; Juv. 13, 80; cf. Plin. 16, 36, 65, § 159 sq.—
    • 4 An angling-rod, fishing-rod: calamo salientes ducere pisces, Ov. M. 3, 587.—
    • 5 A lime-twig for snaring birds, Prop. 3 (4), 13, 46; Mart. 13, 68; 14, 218; Sen. Oct. 411.—
    • 6 A signal-pole or rod, Col. 3, 15, 1 sq.—
    • 7 A measuring-rod, Vulg. Ezech. 40, 5 al.—
  • B Transf. to things of a similar form.
  • • 1 In gen., any straw of grain, a stalk, stem, blade: lupini calamus, Verg. G. 1, 76: calamus altior frumento quam hordeo, Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 61.—
    • 2 A graft, a scion, Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 102 sq.; 17, 18. 30, § 129; 24, 14, 75, § 123; Col. 4, 29, 9.—
    • 3 A small rod, used in Egypt for pointing out the way, Plin. 6, 29, 33, § 166.—
    • 4 The hollow arm of a candelabra, Vulg. Exod. 25, 31 sq.

calamus, ī, m. (κάλαμος), I) das Rohr, im allg. (rein lat. arundo), insbes. der dünnere, schlankere Halm des Rohres (während arundo vorzugsw. der dickere Rohrstengel u. canna das kleine Rohr od. Schilf, s. die Hauptst. Plin. 16, 156 sqq.), A) eig.: cava calamorum, Lucr.: calami palustres, Ov.: calami Cnidii, Plin.: latera arundini calamoque in rotunditate bina, Plin. – gespitzt zum Schneiden, cal. acutus, Pallad. 12, 22, 3. – zur Rohrpfeife, cal. tibialis, Plin.: calami dispares, der Syrinx, Ov.: calamus cerā iungitur usque minor, Tibull. – zu Pfeilen, cal. sagittarius, Plin. – als Gewürz, c. odoratus, Col. u. Plin., od. c. aromaticus, Veget., od. c. Syriacus, Veget., aus Syrien od. Arabien stammend, unser »Kalmus«: dass. bl. calamus, Cato u. Plin. – B) meton. für alles aus Rohr od. Schilf Gemachte: a) eine Rohrpfeife, Catull. 63, 22. Verg. ecl. 2, 34: calamo cantare, Sen. de ben. 4, 6, 5: tubā, tibiis calamoque flatantes, Trompeter, Flötenspieler u. Pfeifer, Arnob. 2, 38: Plur. (v. einer Pfeife), Lucr. 4, 586. Verg. ecl. 5, 2. Prop. 4, 1, 24. Ov. met. 11, 161. – b) der Rohrpfeil, Hor. carm. 1, 15, 17. Verg. Aen. 5, 2 u. 10, 140. Prop. 2, 19, 24. Ov. met. 7, 778 u. 8, 30: arcus et calami, Verg. ecl. 3, 13. – c) das Schreibrohr (vollst. c. scriptorius, Cels. 5, 28, 12. p. 215, 24 D. u.a. Scrib. 10 u. 47. Marc. Emp. 1. fol. 87 [b], 5), calamus et atramentum, Cic. ad Q. fr. 2, 14, 1 (2, 15, 6), od. atramentum et calamus, Vulg. Ioann. 3, 13: cal. scribae, Vulg. psalm. 44, 2: cal. fissipes, Auson. ep. 7, 2, 49. p. 165 Schenkl: calamum sumere, Cic. ad Att. 6, 8, 1: calamum intingere, Quint. 10, 3, 31: atrum transverso calamo signum allinere, Hor. de art. poët. 447: Antiochus epistulis bellum gerit, calamo et atramento militat, Cato oratt. fr. 7. – d) die Leimrute (vollst. calamus aucupatorius, Mart. 14, 218 lemm.), Prop. 3, 13, 46. Sen. Octav. 422 (411). Sil. 7, 677. Mart. 13, 68 u. 14, 218. – e) die Angelrute, Ov. met. 3, 587. – f) ein Stab, eine Stange zum Stützen des Weins, Col. 3, 15, 1 u. 4, 4, 1. – eine Signalstange, Col. 3, 15, 1. – u. eine Meßstange, Rute, Vulg. Ezcch. 40, 3 u.a. – u. ein Wegweiser in Ägypten, Plin. 6, 166. – g) ein hohler Arm an einem Kandelaber, eine Röhre, Vulg. exod. 25, 31 u. 32. – h) als mediz. t. t., pulmonis calamus, die Luftröhre, Cael. Aur. chron. 2, 12, 143. – II) der Stengel, a) Fruchthalm, Stengel, Verg. georg. 1, 76. Plin. 18, 61: avenae, Haferstengel, -halm, Plin. 6, 188. – b) das Pfropfreis, Col. 4, 29, 9. Plin. 17, 106 u. 129.

calamus [CL < κάλαμος] 1 reed. b sweet flag (Acorus calamus). c corn-stalk, stubble (cf. 1 calamare) or (?) reed for thatching. d (fig. w. ref. to Is. xlii 3). ~us vel harundo vel canna, reod Ælf. Gl.; crates tecto supponantur, que culmo supposito aut ~o palustri aut arundine cooperiantur Neckam Ut. 110; singulis monachis illis peccata sua, que sibi assumpserant omnia, per ~um concavum ab ore suo buccis eorum apertis ‥ insufflavit Gir. Spec. III 12 p. 202.  b incensio ‥ fiat hoc modo in extremitate ~i aro[matici] vel canne vel arundinis Gilb. IV 176v. 2; ~us aromaticus Bart. Angl. XVII 29; ~us aromaticus nascitur in †Judea [v. l. Indya] et est optimus colore †risus [v. l. ruphus] cum nodis spissis Alph. 32.  c postquam herba in ~um [gl.: chalemel] solidetur, ~us in techis et spicis granorum muniatur Neckam Ut. 113; 1211 in caumia colligenda, x s. Pipe Wint. 149; 1234 debet falcare chaumam, qualibet die x muncellos Cust. Glast. 145 (cf. ib. 108: si colligit †kauman, colliget l garbas); 1238 in xij trussis de caumo ad cooperturam (KR Ac 476/3) Building in Eng. 226; 1239 asportavit kaumiam maturam BNB III 269; 1281 tempore caumi colliget unusquisque ‥ ante festum S. Mich. duas carettatas caumi et cariabit in bertona domini CoramR 60 r. 33d.; 1295 in †colom’ [for covering the Tolhouse] Rec. Norw. II 33; 14‥ hic ~us, a stalke WW.  d qui modo quassatum calamum non conterat Nig. SS 2985. 2 pipe (mus.), organ-pipe. b pipe, tube (for fluids). c eucharistic reed (cf.Arch. LXXX 99–116). Chr. Rams. 90 (v. cochlea 3); audivit ‥ hominem in ~is modulantem Gir. GE II 11 p. 218; s1235 presentatur Deo ‥ ad majus altare, pulsato classico, sonantibus chalamis, quos burdones appellamus, cum horologio G. S. Alb. app. I 520.  b faciebat homo ille aqueductum et stans in defosso terre ~um plumbeum protendebat Ben. Pet. Mir. Thom. VI 1; qui vinum furtim educunt per ~orum plurium conjunctorum confederationem Neckam NR I 19; rex Eadwinus ‥ lucidos fontes ‥ per ~os ereos conduxit M. Par. Maj. I 275 (cf. Bede HE II 16); s1256 quidam fossores, dum eruderarent Londoniis ~um aqueductus ut ejecta terra ~um liberarent Ib. V 600.  c c1080 iij ~os argenteos Lib. Eli. II 114; 1295 calix Grecus sive patena cum duobus ~is argenteis deauratis Vis. S. Paul. 313. 3 shaft, weapon (also fig.). b fishing-rod. c arm of candlestick (cf.Exod. xxv 31–3 xxxvii 17–22). d lead for glazing. 799 Flaccus caritatis ~o vulneratus Alcuin Ep. 172; 9‥ ~us, teors, pæt wæpen, vel lim WW.  b stupor ad digitos calamo mediante recurrit, / et fit piscator immemor ipse sui Neckam DS III 499.  c illud celeberrimum Exodi candelabrum, cujus stipes ‥ cum ~is ac scifis et sperulis fabrefactus ‥ ornabatur Aldh. Met. 2 p. 66; ~i dicuntur bracchia candelabri, quia rotundi ad similitudinem ~orum sunt Ad. Scot TT 659D.  d 13‥ si ‥ bene ‥ vitreaverint duas fenestras majoris forme campanilis ‥ de materia sua propria ut in vitro, †calinis [? l. calmis] et juncturis et coloribus (Rent. Butley) East Anglian N.S. XI 73; 1444 j wasshyng bolle plumb’ expens’ in factura diversorum ~orum pro fenestris vitreis (KR Ac 503/12 f. 3v) Building in Eng. 180. 4 pen. stili calamo stridulo / caraxante persedulo (Æthelwald) Carm. Aldh. 2. 9; a705 [carmen] cursim ~o perarante caraxatum (Æthelwald) Ep. Aldh. 2 (7) p. 497; accipe tuum ~um ‥ festinanterque scribe Cuthb. Ob. Baedae clxiii; nunc ad ea ‥ ~um vertamus Gir. TH II pref. p. 74; Map NC V 1 (v. Caesar b); amor ‥ manum meam mittit ad ~um J. Godard Ep. 220; ut de laude ‥ civitatis ‥ aliquid ‥ ~us interponat G. Hen. V 15.

călămus, (10) ī, m. (κάλαμος), canne, roseau : Plin. 16, 159 ; Col. Rust. 3, 15, 1 || roseau à écrire : calamum sumere Cic. Att. 6, 8, 1, prendre la plume || chalumeau, flûte : Lucr. 4, 590 || flèche : Virg. B. 3, 13 || canne à pêche : Prop. 4, 2, 37 ; Ov. M. 3, 587 || gluau [pour la pipée] : Prop. 3, 13, 46 ; Mart. 13, 68, 1 || perche, baguette : Col. Rust. 3, 15, 1 || [pour mesurer] aune : Vulg. Ezech. 40, 5 || chaume [de plantes] : Virg. G. 1, 76 || surgeon à enter : Plin. 17, 102 || poteau indicateur en Égypte : Plin. 6, 166 || roseau odorant : Cato Agr. 105 ; Pl. Pers. 88 ; Plin. 12, 105 || branche creuse dʼun candélabre : Vulg. Exod. 25, 32 || pulmonis calamus C. Aur. Chron. 2, 12, 143, trachée-artère.

calamus , i. m.
葦子 笛。筆。粘之竹。接枝。箭。禾莖。— agrestis 效牧童之 文法。— odoratus 石菖蒲。

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călămus, i, m.: canna

canna aromatica

● stelo, gambo

● canneto Crist ⧟ André (2010 - 45) κάλαμος; POWO 30012630-2.

calamus ī, m

• , κάλαμος, a reed, cane: calami palustres, O.: dispares, O.—Meton., of objects made of reeds, a reed pen: bonus: transversus, H. — Poet.: levi calamo ludere, to trifle, Ph. — A reed-pipe, reed: calamo trivisse labellum, V.: agrestis, V.: curvus, Ct.: hians, Pr.—An arrow: calami spicula Gnosii, H.: levis, O.: Per calamos venatricis puellae, Iu.—A fishing-rod: calamo salientes ducere pisces, O.—A lime-twig for snaring birds, Pr.—A straw, stalk, blade: lupini, V.

CALAMUS

CAL´AMUSa reed. Under this head it seems desirable to group an account of the most important objects made of reeds of various kinds. The varieties of the reed are described by Theophrastus (H. P. 4.11, 12) and Pliny (Plin. Nat.16. § § 159-173), one of the most notable being the calamus odoratus, found in Syria and Arabia (Col. 12.52; Plin. Nat.12.104, 13.9-Z2; Veget. 4.13), and used in the manufacture of unguents. Κάλαμος denotes a larger sort of reed than δόναξ, and harundo than canna.

Reeds were extensively used for thatching and wall-building; for making mats, crates, and other articles of plaited work (Hdt. 5.101, 1.179-Z2, 2.96-Z2; Thuc. 2.76); and for many purposes for which a light stick was needed,--e. g. a signal-post (calamus, Col. 3.15), an Egyptian sign-post (Plin. Nat.6.166), a rod to brush down cobwebs (harundo, Plaut. Stich. 2.2, 23), the bridge of the lyre (δόϝαξ, Aristoph. Ran. 232), the cross-piece on which the lyre-strings are fastened (κάλαμος ὑπολύριος, Soph. Fr. 34). Reeds were also employed in the following uses:--

1. The Pan's pipes (σῦριγξ), formed of reeds of graduated length bound together by wax, as shown in the accompanying cut (calamus, Lucr. 4.588, 5.1379-Z2-1415; Tib. 2.5, 29-32; canna, Ov. Met. 2.682, 11.171-Z2; harundo, ib. 1.684, 11.154; κάλαμος, Eur. I. T. 1125, El. 702; δόϝαξ, Aesch. Pr. 574).

2. A light flute, formed of a single reed (harundo, Ov. Met. 6.384; κάλαμος, Pind. O. 10.100, Nem. 5.70; δόναξ, id. Pyth. 12.44; Theocr. 20.29). The reed-flute figured in the following woodcut was found in an Egyptian tomb and is in the British Museum.

3. The shaft of an arrow, and in poetry an arrow made of a reed which was not hollow, but filled with pith (κάλαμος ϝαστός, τοξικός or Κρητικός, Theophr. l. c.; calamus, Hor. Od. 1.15, 17; Plin. Nat.16.161; harundo, Ov. Met. 1.471; Verg. A. 4.73; δόναξ, Hom. Il. 11.584).

4. A reed-pen (calamus scriptorius or chartarius, Cels. 5.28, 12, App. Flor. 9), which, like our quill-pens, was sharpened (καλαμογλυφεῖν, Etym. M. 485. 33, calamum acuere, temperare) with a knife (scalprum librarium, Tac. Ann. 5.8; Suet. Vitell. 2) and had a cleft point (calamus fissipes, Aus. Epist. 7.49). Pens thus made of knotted reeds are represented in the cut under ATRAMENTUMThe case in which they were kept was called καλαμίς, theca calamaria or graphiaria, or theca cannarum (Suet. Cl. 35; cp. Mart. 14.19, Hieron. in Ezech. 9.2). The earliest mention of quill-pens appears to be in Isidore, Orig. 6.14, 3. The best reeds for pen-making came from Egypt, Cnidus and the lacus Anaiticus(Plin. Nat.16.157; Mart. 14.38; Aus. l. c., and 4.77). Harundo is used in the same sense in Mart. 1.3, 10; Pers. 3.11; κάλαμος in Poll. 10.61.

5. A fishing-rod (κάλαμος, Theocr. 21.43; Arist. P. A. 4.12, 11; καλαμίς, Anth. P. 10.11; calamus, Ov. Met. 3.587; harundo, Plant. Bud. 2.1, 5; Tib. 2.6, 23).

6. The fowler's limed rod, which was sometimes composed of separate joints, so that it could be lengthened to suit the fowler's convenience. It was then called harundo crescens or texta (Mart. 9.54, 3, 14.218-Z2; Sil. 7.674-7; Petr. Sat. 109, 7; Bion, xii. (ii.) 5). In the same sense we have calamus (Prop. 3.13, 46; Mart. 13.68; Sen. Oct. 411) and δόϝαξ (Anth. P. 7.702).

7. A light Egyptian boat made of reeds (canna, Juven. 5.89; Plin. Nat.7.206).

8. A horizontal rod passed through the warp in weaving (harundo, Ov. Met. 6.55). [TELA]

9. Harundo is also the crown of reeds worn by river-gods (Verg. A. 8.34, 10.205-Z2; Ov. Met. 9.3).

[J.H.F]

Calămus

(also harundo; in Greek κάλαμος). A reed. Reeds were extensively used by the ancients for thatching; for making mats and other kinds of plaited work; and in the following uses:

(1) In music, to form the pandean pipes (σῦριγξ), which consisted of reeds of different lengths fastened by wax, as shown in the accompanying cut, taken from a terra-cotta relief in the British Museum. See syrinx.

(2) A light flute formed of a single reed.

(3) The shaft of an arrow.

(4) A reed pen (calamus scriptorius), sharpened like the modern quill pen with a knife, and cleft at the point. The best reeds for pen-making came from Egypt and Cnidus. These reed pens are still known in the East, and the Arabs use the word kalam to denote them. They were carried in a sort of writing-case called theca calamaria (καλαμίς). (Cf. Suet. Claud. 35.) See writing and writing materials.

(5) A fishing-rod.

(6) The fowler's limed rod, which was sometimes composed of separate joints, so that it could be lengthened to suit the fowler's convenience. It was then called harundo crescens or texta, as well as calamus (Petron. Sat. 109).

(7) A light Egyptian boat made of reeds (canna, Juv.v. 89).

(8) A horizontal rod passed through the warp in weaving (harundo, Ovid, Met. vi. 55). See tela.