calcar

calcar , āris, n.: a spur, 6.881. (calx)

calcar, āris, n. [for carcar; cf. Sanscr. kar, wound; and Lat. calx].

• Lit., a spur as worn on the heel: calcaria dicta, quia in calce hominis ligantur, ad stimulandos equos, Isid. Orig. 20, 16, 6 (class. in prose and poetry; esp. freq. trop.): calcari quadrupedem agitare, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 118 (708): incendere equum calcaribus, to spur one’s horse, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48; so, concitare, Liv. 2, 6, 8; Curt. 7, 4, 18: stimulare, Val. Max. 3, 2, 9: subdere equo calcaria, Liv. 2, 20, 2; Curt. 3, 13, 8; 7, 2, 4: calcaribus subditis, Liv. 4, 19, 4; 4, 33, 7; Curt. 4, 16, 6: equi fodere calcaribus armos, Verg. A. 6, 881: calcaribus auferre equum, Sil. 10, 280.—
• • B Trop., spur, stimulus, incitement: calcaribus ictus amoris, *Lucr. 5, 1074: dicebat Isocrates se calcaribus in Ephoro, contra autem in Theopompo frenis uti solere, Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 36: alter frenis eget, alter calcaribus, id. Att. 6, 1, 12; cf. id. Brut. 56, 204; Quint. 2, 8, 11; 10, 1, 74: anticipate atque addite calcar, Varr. ap. Non. p. 70, 13; * Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 217: immensum gloria calcar habet, Ov. P 4, 2, 36.—So also of the driving winds: ventus calcar admovere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 451, 29.—Prov.: addere calcaria sponte currenti, to spur a willing horse, Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 1.—
• II Transf., the spur on the leg of the cock, Col. 8, 2, 8.

calcar, āris, n. (calx), der Sporn, I) der Sporn des Reiters, A) eig.: equo calcaria subdere, dem Pferde die Sporen geben, Liv.: u. so equum calcaribus incendere, Hirt. b. G., concitare, Liv. u. Curt., stimulare, Val. Max. scherzh., ventus buccas vehementius sufflare et calcar admovere, Varr. fr. – Sprichw., addere calcaria sponte currenti, d.i. jmd. zu etw. antreiben, was er schon von selbst tut, Plin. ep. 1, 8, 1. – B) übtr., der Sporn = der Antrieb, die Anregung, der Reiz, α) Sing.: immensum gloria calcar habet, Ov.: (iram) calcar ait esse virtutis, Sen.: anticipate atque addite calcar, Varr. fr.: ascribit etiam et quasi calcar admovet, intercessisse se etc., Cic.: vatibus addere calcar, Hor.: temeritati frenos iniectos, ignaviae subditum calcar, Sen. – β) gew. Plur.: alter frenis eget, alter calcaribus, Cic.: alteri calcaria adhibere, alteri frenos, Cic.: se calcaribus in Ephoro, contra autem in Theopompo frenis uti solere, Cic. – II) der Sporn am Fuße des Hahns, Col. 8, 2, 8.

calcar [CL], ~arium, ~aria 1 spur; b (paid as rent); c (as emblem of kingship); d (as emblem of knighthood); e (fig.) incentive. ~ar, spora GlC C 93; [cornipedem] ~aribus cruentatum Aldh. VirgP 2; ego [sutor] ‥ facio ‥ flascones et calidilia, ~aria [AS: spurlepera] et chamos Ælf. Coll. 97; 9‥ ~aria, dicta quia in calce hominis ligantur, spuran WW; equitando non utuntur ‥ ~aribus Gir. TH III 10; equos suos experiende velocitatis gratia ~aribus stimulabant R. Cold. Cuthb. 103; 1201 robiavit ei j gladium ‥ et quandam ~ariam CurR I 470; J. Howd. Ph. 605 (v. armus a); cum ‥ quedam ~aria mirabilis sculpture Wintoniensi episcopo a transmarinis partibus fuissent transmissa (Willelmus) NLA II 456; s1386 ipsum Henricum [Percy]Hatspore vocaverunt, quod ‘Calidum ~ar’ sonat Wals. HA I 144; 1448 in †calcularibus emptis xvj d. DCCant. RE/40.  b terra j bovis soca et wasta est et reddit ij ~aria DB I 276b; 1196 reddendo una ~aria Fines RC I 2; 1199 (1268) reddendo ‥ unum par ~ar[i]um deauratorum CalCh II 100; c1210 servicium quod ‥ debemus Ricardo ‥ sc. quedam ~aria deaurata vel vj d. Cart. Sallay 403; 1212 servicium j parie ~ariarum deauratarum Fees 155; per servicium ij ~ariorum deauratorum Ib. 170; 1271 unum parem ~ar[i]um deauratorum Cl 320; 1274 una ~aria superaurata IPM 5/1 r. 4; per liberum servicium ‥ unius paris ~arium †deauratariorum Hengham Magna 1; 1278 reddendo ‥ j par ~arium deargentatorum Reg. Heref. 171; dat ‥ iiij paria ~arium †deauriatorum, precium cujuslibet xij d. FormMan 27; 1463 cum precio ij parium ~arium alborum, ‥ precium paris ~arium xviij d. ExchScot 171.  c s1189 duo comites calciaverunt eum ~aria aurea sumpta de thesauro regis G. Ric. I 82 (cf. Rec. Coronation 48); 1222 liberate de thesauro nostro priori Westm’ ~area nostra aurea que facta fuerunt ad opus nostrum ad primam coronacionem nostram (ReceiptR) Rec. Coronation 55; s1377 rex assignavit E. comitem Marchie ad deferendum ‥ die coronationis ‥ ~aria MGL II 464; a1380 hos precedet unus de magnatibus ad hoc per regem assignatus portans ~aria magna et deaurata Lib. Regal. 5v; 14‥ rex ‥ induetur ‥ cum ‥ ~aribus tibiis ejus coaptatis Rec. Coronation 175.  d 1286 insigniis militaribus interim sit privatus, nec ~ia deaurata nec gladium ‥ habiturus Peckham Ep. 657; s1303 E. princeps Wallie factus fuit miles ‥ a ‥ patre suo comites L. et H. ~aria pedibus ‥ principis ‥ apposuerunt Ann. Lond. 146; s1323 primo degradatus est [A. Hercle], amputatis securi ad talos suos ~aribus, et sic vicissim discinctus est balteo militari, ablatis calceis et cirotecis Wals. HA I 169.  e quos adulterinae titillationis ~ar incesti crimine cruentabat Aldh. VirgP 44; sicut me frena nullius potentie tenere possunt ne tibi quelibet vota perficiam, nulla te ~aria moveant meam ‥ effugere societatem Map NC III 2 p. 117; 1228 dominus H. ‥ diligenter institit pro negotio vestro maturando ‥, cui freno potius quam ~ario fuit opus Reg. S. Osm. II 94. 2 a cock’s spur. b ram (naut.). c cog (of cogwheel in windmill). a [galli] tibia munitur ~aribus Neckam DS II 807.  b s1190 quod antiqui dixere liburnam, moderni galeam ‥ nominant, que longa, gracilis et parum eminens lignum a prora prefixum habet, quod vulgo ~ar dicitur, quo rates hostium transfiguntur percusse Itin. Ric. I 34.  c 1285 in ~aribus et trandstevis xij d. Ac. Man. Cant. (Adisham) .

calcăr, (11) āris, n. (calx 1), éperon : subdere equo calcaria Liv. 2, 20, 2, éperonner un cheval || [fig.] calcar admovere Cic. Att. 6, 1, 5 ; calcar adhibere alicui Cic. Br. 204 ; calcaribus uti in aliquo Cic. de Or. 3, 36, éperonner = stimuler qqn || éperon, ergot de coq : Col. Rust. 8, 2, 3.

calcar , aris. n.
剌馬尖。策。距。Currenti calcar addere 旣跑又摧之。

Suggest a Translation
See an image

calcar āris, n

• 1 CEL-, CALC-, a spur: concitat calcaribus equum, L.: calcaribus subditis, Cu.: equi fodere calcaribus armos, V.—Fig., stimulus, incitement: alter frenis eget, alter calcaribus: vatibus addere calcar, H.: inmensum gloria calcar habet, O.

CALCAR

CALCAR(μύωψ, ἐγκεντρίς), a spur, an implement to which we find no reference in the Homeric writings, in which riding is so rarely mentioned, a goad (κέντρον) taking its place. Even in later Greek authors, it is often difficult to determine whether a goad or a spur is signified. But in Theophr. Char. xxi., where the μικροφιλότιμος, after taking part in a πομπή, walks about the market-place ἐν τοῖς μύωψι, we have a clear reference to spurs. Cf. Anth. P. 5.203; Diod. Sic. 17.20; Pollux, 1.210, 10.54, and perhaps Plat. Apol. 30 E, where, however, it is not clear whether μύωψ is a spur, or the fly from whose goading bite the spur was named. Similarly in works of art spurs are but seldom represented. A spur, however, is indicated on one foot of an Amazon on a vase of probably the 4th century (Bulletin de l'Académie de Bruxelles, 11. p. 76); and the left foot of the statue of an Amazon in the Vatican, which is held to be a copy from Pheidias, shows how the spur was fastened to the foot, although the spur itself has been broken off. Bronze spurs have also been found at Dodona (Académie des Inscriptions, June 1877).

Among the Romans the name leaves us in no doubt about the use of this appliance ( calcaria dicta, quia in calce hominis ligantur ad stimulandos equos, Isid. Orig. 20.16, 6), and we find the word used as early as Plautus (As. 3.3, 118), and very frequently in later writers. Numerous examples of Roman spurs are in the museums.

[J.Y] [J.H.F]

Calcar

(μύωψ, ἐγκεντρίς). A spur, an implement not mentioned in Homer, who speaks only of the use of a goad (κέντρον). In Greek, it is in fact often doubtful whether the writer is referring to the spur or the goad. In works of art spurs are seldom represented, but bronze spurs have been found at Dodona.

The early adoption of this contrivance by the Romans appears from the mention of it in Plautus and Lucretius. It is afterwards often alluded to by Cicero, Ovid, Vergil, and subsequent Roman authors. On the other hand, we do not find that the Greeks used spurs, and this may account for the fact that they are seldom, if ever, seen on antique statues.

The spurs of a cock are also called calcaria.