jugerum

jugerum [CL], ~era [LL], ~er [ML] 1 tract of ground, expanse of land (esp. arable). glebulis ~erum Aldh. VirgP 31 (v. deperire 1c); 864 cum pratis, cum pascuis, cum ~eris, cum segetibus CS 509; 956 ~era adjacent ~eribus (v. dirimere 1a); vidit agrum siliginis ‥ invenit eam in quodam ~ere Canon. G. Sempr. f. 167v; ~er, tertre Teaching Latin II 23; citra plenam exaracionem ~eris Reg. Whet. II 417 (v. exaratio 1b). 2 measure of land, 240 x 120 Roman feet, about two thirds of an acre. 724 tria ~era prati in loco qui dicitur Hammespot dedi CS 141; 732 dedi ei centum ~era ejusdem ruris in loco qui dicitur Sandtun CS 148; 789 aliquam particulam terrae juris mei, id est quasi unius et semis ~eri in civitate Hrofi CS 255; 814 xxx ~era (v. gremialis 1); x ~era vinearum, x ~eres vel diurnales Gl. Leid. 13. 15; 10‥ ~eri æceras WW; 1151 terra sua sc. v ~era in campo et in villa tres toftas et dimidiam Doc. Theob. 300; quot hyde, id est ~era uni aratro sufficientia per annum H. Hunt. HA VI 36 (v. 1 hida 1a); c1155 dono etiam eidem ecclesie xx et tria ~a terre Regesta Scot. 118 p. 182; ~er, -ris, G. un arpent de terre, spacium quantum unus bos potest arare de die Teaching Latin II 34; a1244 illam culturam ‥ continentem octodecim ~era Cart. Beauchamp 24. p. 12; an akyr of lande, acra, jugus, ~er, jugum CathA; butte of land, ~erum Levins Manip. 195. 3 (as linear measure) length of a jugerum, 240 Roman feet. per viij ~era porrectum Lib. Monstr. I 47 (v. extendere 4a); sive stadium, sive ~erum, sive perticam ‥ partiri opus habes Bede TR 4 p. 185; viridis arbor quelibet a corporis sui succidatur medio, et tribus portio abscisa ~eribus separetur a trunco Osb. Clar. V. Ed. Conf. 21 p. 108; arbor quelibet viridis, a suo trunco decisa, cum ad trium ~erum spacium a radice separetur ‥ resumptoque succo virens floruerit Feudal Man. 137.

jūgĕrum, (10) ī, n. , pl. jūgĕra, um, jugérum, arpent [mesure agraire, rectangle de 28800 pieds carrés, c.-à-d. 240 pieds de long sur 120 de large] environ 25 ares : Cato Agr. 1, 7, etc. ; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 113 ; Juv. 9, 60 || mesure de longueur de 100 pieds grecs ou 104 pieds romains : Plin. 12, 111 ; 36, 79.

➳ sing. 2^e décl. || pl. gén. um, dat.-abl. ibus, sauf is Varro R. 1, 10, 1.

JUGERUM

JU´GERUMor JUGUS(the latter form, as a neuter noun of the third declension, is common in the oblique cases and in the plural), a Roman measure of surface, 240 feet in length and 120 in breadth, containing therefore 28,800 square feet (Varr. R. R. 1.10; L. L. 5.35 M. ; Colum. R. R. 5.1.6; Plin. Nat.18.9, cf. § 178; Quintil. 1.10.42; Isid. Orig. 15.15). It was the double of the Actus Quadratus, and from this circumstance, according to Varro and Columella, it derived its name (as if from junctus). The word is really, however, a by-form of jugum; and Pliny's etymology is far preferable: quod uno jugo boum in die exarari posset. The jugerum was not, like the ACTUSa measure of length as well as of surface; the contrary notion rests only on a single passage of Pliny, who describes the vale of Tempe as ferme sesquijugeri latitudine (H. N. 4.31). He is here, no doubt, translating from a Greek source, and uses jugerum loosely as the equivalent of πλέθρον (Hultsch, Metrol. p. 64 n.). The uncial division [As] was applied to the jugerum, its smallest part being the scrupulum of 10 feet square = 100 square feet. Thus the jugerum contained 288 scrupula (Varr. R. R. l. c.). The jugerum was the common measure of land among the Romans. Two jugera formed a heredium, a hundred heredia a centuria, and four centuriae a saltus. Two jugera were the traditional amount of land given to each citizen in old times as heritable property (Varr. l. c.; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, 2.156 if., and Appendix i.). The jugerum was a little over 2 roods 19 perches, or almost 5/8 of an English acre; see the Tables. (Cf. Hultsch, Metrol. p. 69; Mommsen, R. H. 1.195=1.162, tr. Dickson; Rudorff, Gromat. Inst. p. 280.)

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