rastrum
rastrum, a toothed hoe, rake, mattock
- a toothed hoe, a rake, used for breaking up the soil, a mattock: rastris glebas qui frangit inertes, Verg. G. 1, 94: arva obnoxia rastris, id. ib. 2, 439; 3, 534; cf.: rastris terram domat, id. A. 9, 608: graves, Ov. M. 11, 36: vulnera Rastrorum fert tellus, id. ib. 2, 287: rastros quadridentes, Cato, l. l.: ligneis rastris sarriendus, Col. 2, 11, 4.— Comically spoken of as the comb of Polyphemus, with the sickle as his razor, Ov. M. 13, 765.— Prov.: si illi pergo suppeditare sumptibus, mihi illaec vero ad rastros res redit, it will bring me to the hoe, i. e. I shall be reduced to work for my living, Ter. Heaut. 931.
~rum,ræce
~er,egiþe
irpices, genus ~rorum [v. l. rostrorum ] quod dentes plures habeant
mox terram ~ris aperiunt, tres cruces inveniunt
agros ‥ ~ro [gl.: ] mundarerastel
terra, postquam facta sunt gressibilia pedibus, quorum cepit teri tellus tempore Cahin, quo exerceri cepit, ligones tollerando et ~ra
ecce jacent rastri sic sarcula sicque ligones
cessantibus stibariorum ~rorumque pulverulentis quassationibus
~ros,mettocas
Rastro. Observantiæ Regni Arag. lib. 6. de Privileg. Militum, § 9 :
Quilibet flagrante crimine potest mittere appellitum, ubi facta fuerit rapina vel furtum, et prosequi malefactorem talem, et sine officiali per loca ordinum religiosorum et Ecclesiarum cujuslibet alterius intrare viginti infra villam prædictorum, vel ad pedem castri venire, et petere Domino villæ, vel castri, aut Alcaydo, vel juratis loci, quod emparent Rastrum, et sequantur, et extrahant de termino, etc.Lib. 9. tit. de Proditionibus :
Si quis assecuraverit personam alicujus, vel fecerit pacem, datis manibus, sub pœna proditionis, postea unus istorum invadit alium,... et scias, quod pœna proditoris in corpore est, quod Rastretur, etc.
Accendantur omnes lampades Ecclesiæ et Rastrum ante et retro.
- 1 RAD-, a toothed hoe, rake, mattock: istos rastros Adpone, T.: rastris glaebas frangere, V.: adsiduis herbam insectabere rastris, V.: iniquum pondus rastri, V.: volnera Rastrorum fert (tellus), O.: pectis rastris capillos (of Polyphemus), O.—Prov.: mihi illaec vero ad rastros res redit, i. e. will drive me to work for my living, T.
RASTRUM, RASTRI, RASTELLUS. In this word the neuter form belongs to the singular; the masculine, as though from raster, to the plural. As regards its use, it seems to us necessary to make a clear distinction between (1) the rastrum quadridens, which is a rake; and (2) the rastrum bidens, which is a hoe or mattock. When rastrum stands alone, the quadridens or rake is usually meant, but not always in poetry; for instance, in Verg. G. 1.94, Aen. 9.608, the bidens is to be understood. (1.) The quadridens or four-toothed rake (in Greek probably λίστρον) was sometimes of iron; it is mentioned by Cato in his list of ferramenta, for an olive garden (Cat. Agr. 10), and for a vineyard (ib. 11); but in Colum. 2.11, 4, lignei rastri are used to rake the earth over seeds. The diminutive rastellus is nearly always a rake, and, as far as its material is stated, a wooden rake, for raking sown ground (Colum. 2.12, 6), for raking up straw (Varr. R. R. 1.49). In Suet. Nero 19, however, the rastellus is a light bidens.
(2.) The two-pronged rastrum, rastrum bidens (nearly always bidens alone), was used as a hoe or mattock for breaking up the ground (=Greek δίκελλα or σμινύη). It was probably always of iron (as in Pallad. 8.5), so as to be driven forcibly into the ground, fossores jactant bidentes (Colum. 3.13): the farmer uses it in the vineyard, turning up the earth vel aratro vel bidente; fossor qui crebris bidentibus soli terga comminuit (id. 4.14). It is used for stony ground, while the pala or spade suits marshy ground (Plin. Nat.18.46). The woodcut under PALAshows a bidens with curved prongs; cf. curvi rastri in Catull. 64, 39.
[J.Y] [G.E.M]pl. rastri. (1) Rastrum bidens (δίκελλα), a hoe or mattock.
(2) Rastrum quadridens (λίστρον?), a rake.