Antiochus

Antĭŏchus, i, m., = Ἀντίοχος.

• The name of several Syrian kings, among whom Antiochus Magnus was most distinguished, on account of his war with the Romans, Liv. 31, 14; 33, 13 sq. al.; Nep. Hann. 2, 7; Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75; id. Verr. 1, 21; id. Sest. 27; id. Deiot. 13 al.—
• II The name of an Academic philosopher, a teacher of Cicero and Brutus, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 43, 132; id. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Brut. 91, 315.

Antiochus, ī, m. (Ἀντίιχος), I) Name von 13 syrischen Königen, von denen am bekanntesten: a) Ant. II., Sohn des Antiochus I. Soter, durch seine verstoßene Gemahlin Laodice ermordet (247 v. Chr.), Val. Max. 9, 14, 1. – b) Ant. III. Magnus, als Beschützer des flüchtigen Hannibal u. bes. durch seine Kriege mit den Römern bekannt, von L. Corn. Scipio besiegt, 187 v. Chr. bei den Elymäern erschlagen, Nep. Hann. 2, 7. Cic. de or. 2, 75. – c) Ant. IV. Epiphanes (Ἐπιφανής), derselbe, den der röm. Gesandte L. Popilius durch sein gebieterisches, trotziges Benehmen von der Besitznahme Ägyptens zurückschreckte, gest. 163 v. Chr., Cic. Phil. 8, 23 u.a. – d) Ant. X., dessen Sohn Antiochus XIII. mit seinen Brüdern nach Rom kam (73 v. Chr.), um die Ansprüche auf Ägypten geltend zu machen, u. bei dieser Gelegenheit auch Sizilien besuchte, Cic. Verr. 4, 61 sqq. – II) Name mehrerer Könige von Kommagene, deren (bes. des letzten) bei Tacitus u. Sueton Erwähnung geschieht, s. Tac. ann. 2, 42; 13, 7. Suet. Cal. 16, 3. – III) Ant. aus Askalon, Schüler des Philo, letzter Philosoph der akademischen Schule, Lehrer des Varro, Cicero u.a. zu Athen u. Rom, oft bei Cic., bes. Acad. 2, 61 sqq. – ➳ arch. Antiocus, oft in Inschriften, zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 571 u. 574. Dav.: a) Antiochēnsis, e, zu Antiochus III. gehörig, antio chensisch, pecunia, von Ant. empfangen, Val. Max. 3, 7, 1. – b) Antiochīus (Variante -ēus), a, um (Ἀντιόχειος), zum (Philos.) Antiochus gehörig, antiochëisch, des (Philos.) Antiochus, subst., α) Antiochīī, ōrum, m., die Anhänger des Antiochus, Cic. Acad. 2, 70. – β) ista Antiochīa, ōrum, n., die Lehrsätze des Antiochus, Cic. Acad. 2, 115. – c) Antiochīnus, a, um, α) zu Antiochus III. gehörig, antiochinisch, bellum, Cic.: pecunia, von Ant. empfangen, Gell. 4, 18, 7 u. 6 (7), 19, 8 H. – β) zum Philosophen Antiochus gehörig, antiochinisch, des Antiochus, partes, Cic. ep. 9, 8, 1.

Antĭŏchus, (10) ī, m. , ¶ 1 nom de plusieurs rois de Syrie : Liv. 31, 14 ; Cic. de Or. 2, 75 ; Verr. 2, 4, 61 ; Tac. Ann. 2, 42 ¶ 2 nom dʼun philosophe académicien (Antiochus dʼAscalon) maître de Cicéron et de Brutus : Cic. Ac. 2, 132 ; Nat. 1, 6 || -chēnsis, e, dʼAntiochus [le Grand] : Val. Max. 3, 7, 1 || -chīus ou -chēus, a, um, dʼAntiochus [le phil.] ; pl. n. Antĭŏchīa Cic. Ac. 2, 115, opinions dʼAntiochus ; Antĭŏchīī, m. , Ac. 2, 70, les disciples dʼAntiochus || -chīnus a, um, a) dʼAntiochus [le Grand] : Cic. Phil. 11, 7 ; Gell. 4, 18, 7 ; b) [du philos.] : Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1.

Antiŏchus

(Ἀντίοχος). I.—The name of several kings of Syria. (1) Soter (reigned B.C. 280-261), the son of Selencus I., the founder of the Syrian kingdom of the Seleucidae. He married his stepmother Stratonicé, with whom he had fallen violently in love, and whom his father surrendered to him. He fell in battle against the Gauls in 261.

(2) Theos (B.C. 261-246), son and successor of the preceding. The Milesians gave him his surname of Θεός because he delivered them from their tyrant, Timarchus. He carried on war with Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, which was brought to a close by his putting away his wife Laodicé, and marrying Berenicé, the daughter of Ptolemy. After the death of Ptolemy he recalled Laodicé, but, in revenge for the insult she had received, she caused Antiochus and Berenicé to be murdered. He was succeeded by his son Seleucus Callinicus. His younger son, Antiochus Hierax, also assumed the crown, and carried on war some years with his brother. (See Berenicé.)

(3) The Great (B.C. 223-187), son and successor of Seleucus Callinicus. He carried on war against Ptolemy Philopator, king of Egypt, in order to obtain Coele-Syria, Phoenicia, and Palestine, but was obliged to cede these provinces to Ptolemy, in consequence of his defeat at the battle of Raphia, near Gaza, in 217. He was afterwards engaged for seven years (212- 205) in an attempt to regain the eastern provinces of Asia, which had revolted during the reign of Antiochus II.; but, though he met with great success, he found it hopeless to effect the subjugation of the Parthian and Bactrian kingdoms, and accordingly concluded a peace with them. In 198 he conquered Palestine and Coele-Syria, which he afterwards gave as a dowry with his daughter Cleopatra upon her marriage with Ptolemy Epiphanes. He afterwards became involved in hostilities with the Romans, and was urged by Hannibal, who arrived at his court, to invade Italy without loss of time; but Antiochus did not follow his advice. In 192 he crossed over into Greece; and in 191 he was defeated by the Romans at Thermopylae, and compelled to return to Asia. In 190 he was again defeated by the Romans under L. Scipio, at Mount Sipylus, near Magnesia, and compelled to sue for peace, which was granted in 188, on condition of his ceding all his dominions east of Mount Taurus, and paying 15,000 Euboic talents. In order to raise the money to pay the Romans, he attacked a wealthy temple in Elymais, but was killed by the people of the place (187). He was succeeded by his son Seleucus Philopator.

(4) Epiphănes (B.C. 175-164), son of Antiochus III., succeeded his brother Seleucus Philopator in 175. He carried on war against Egypt (171-168) with great success; and he was preparing to lay siege to Alexandria in 168, when the Romans compelled him to retire. He endeavoured to root out the Jewish religion and to introduce the worship of the Greek divinities; but this attempt led to a rising of the Jewish people under Mattathias and his heroic sons, the Maccabees, which Antiochus was unable to put down. He attempted to plunder a temple in Elymais in 164, but was repulsed, and died shortly afterwards in a state of raving madness, which the Jews and the Greeks equally attributed to his sacrilegious crimes. His subjects gave him the name of Epimanes (“the madman”), in parody of Epiphanes.

(5) Eupator (B.C. 164-162), son and successor of Epiphanes, was nine years old at his father's death. He was dethroned and put to death by Demetrius Soter, the son of Seleucus Philopator.

(6) Theos, son of Alexander Balas. He was brought forward as a claimant to the crown in 144, against Demetrius Nicator, by Tryphon, but he was murdered by the latter, who ascended the throne himself in 142.

(7) Sidētes (B.C. 137-128), so called from Sidé in Pamphylia, where he was brought up, younger son of Demetrius Soter, succeeded Tryphon. He was defeated and slain in battle by the Parthians in 128.

(8) Grypus, or Hook-nosed (B.C. 125-96), second son of Demetrius Nicator and Cleopatra. He carried on war for some years with his halfbrother, Antiochus Cyzicenus. At length, in 112, the two brothers agreed to share the kingdom between them,—Antiochus Cyzicenus having Coele-Syria and Phoenicia, and Antiochus Grypus the remainder of the provinces. Grypus was assassinated in 96.

(9) Cyzicēnus, from Cyzicus, where he was brought up, brother of Grypus, reigned over Coele-Syria and Phoenicia from 112 to 96, but fell in battle in 95 against Seleucus Epiphanes, son of Grypus.

(10) Eusĕbes, son of Cyzicenus, defeated Seleucus Epiphanes, and maintained the throne against the brothers of Seleucus. He succeeded his father in 95.

(11) Epiphănes, son of Grypus and brother of Seleucus Epiphanes. He carried on war against Eusebes, but was defeated by the latter, and drowned in the river Orontes.

(12) Dionȳsus, brother of the preceding, held the crown for a short time, but fell in battle against Aretas, king of the Arabians. The Syrians, worn out with the civil broils of the Seleucidae, offered the kingdom to Tigranes, king of Armenia, who united Syria to his own dominions in 83, and held it till his defeat by the Romans in 69.

(13) Asiatĭcus, son of Eusebes, became king of Syria on the defeat of Tigranes by Lucullus in 69; but he was deprived of it in 65 by Pompey, who reduced Syria to a Roman province. In this year the Seleucidae ceased to reign.

II.—Kings of Commagené. (1) A king who made an alliance with the Romans, about B.C. 64. He assisted Pompey with troops in 49, and was attacked by Antony in 38. He was succeeded by Mithridates I. about 31.

(2) Succeeded Mithridates I., and was put to death at Rome by Augustus in 29.

(3) Succeeded Mithridates II., and died in A.D. 17. Upon his death Commagené became a Roman province, and remained so till A.D. 38.

(4) Surnamed Epiphanes, received his paternal dominion from Caligula in A.D. 38. He assisted the Romans in their wars against the Parthians under Nero, and against the Jews under Vespasian. In 72 he was accused of conspiring with the Parthians against the Romans, was deprived of his kingdom, and retired to Rome, where he passed the remainder of his life.

III.—Literary. Of Ascalon, the founder of the Fifth Academy, was a friend of Lucullus and the teacher of Cicero during his studies at Athens (B.C. 79). See Hoyer, De Antiocho Ascal. (1883).

Antiochus Antiochus, (Epiphanes)

• dedicates curtain in temple of Zeus at Olympia and golden aegis above theater at Athens: Paus. 5.12.4

Antiochus(2), a Leprean

• Olympic victor: Paus. 6.3.9

Antiochus(3), (the Great) king of Syria

• at war with Romans: Paus. 7.8.3, Paus. 7.9.7
• his army defeated at Thermopylae: Paus. 8.5.4
• sends back statues of Harmodius and Aristogiton to Athens: Paus. 1.8.5

Antiochus(4), Phocian general

• Paus. 10.20.3

Antiochus(5), pilot of Alcibiades

• Paus. 3.17.4
• defeated by Lysander: Paus. 9.32.6

Antiochus(6), son of Phintas

• king of Messenia: Paus. 4.4.4, Paus. 4.5.6-8

Antiochus(7), son of Xenophon

• a Syracusan, author of history of Sicily: Paus. 10.11.3

Antiochus(8), an Elean

• Hdt. 9.33

Antiochus(9), son of Herakles

• father of Phylas: Apollod. 2.8.2
• eponymous hero of Athenian tribe: Paus. 1.5.2, Paus. 2.4.3
• statue at Delphi: Paus. 10.10.1

Antiochus(10), son of Melas

• killed by Tydeus: Apollod. 1.8.3, Apollod. 1.8.5

Antiochus(11), son of Pterelaus

• Apollod. 2.4.5

Antiochus(12),0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 son of Seleucus

• Paus. 1.7.3, Paus. 1.16.2
• comes to throne: Paus. 10.12.10
• persuaded to attack Ptolemy: Paus. 1.7.3
• sends contingent against Gauls: Paus. 10.20.5