Antipater

Antĭpăter, tri (later form, ANTIPATRVS, Inscr. Orell. 4727), m., = Ἀντίπατρος.

• One of the generals and successors of Alexander the Great, the father of Cassander, Just. 11, 7; 11, 12; 13, 5 al.; Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48.—
• II His grandson, son of Cassander, and son-in-law of Lysimachus, Just. 16, 1.—
• III The name of several philosophers.
• • A Of a Cyrenaic, Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107.—
  • B Of a Stoic, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 6, 17; id. Div. 1, 3; 1, 20.—
  • C Of a contemporary of Cicero, from Tyre, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 86.—
  • D A distinguished lawyer, friend of the orator L. Crassus, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 54; id. Brut. 26, 102; id. Leg. 1, 2 al.

Antipater, trī, m. (Ἀντίπατρος, dah. im spät. Lat. auch Antipatrus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 14929), griech. Männername: I) in Mazedonien: a) Antipater, Vertrauter Philipps und Alexanders des Gr., nach des letzteren Tode erst Statthalter, dann König von Mazedonien, Vater des Kassander, Cic. de off. 2, 48. Iustin. lib. 11 sq. – und b) dessen Enkel, Schwiegersohn des Lysimachos, Iustin. 16, 1. – II) Name mehrerer griech. Philosophen: a) Ant. Cyrenaicus, einer der unmittelbaren Schüler des ältern Aristippus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 112. – b) Ant. aus Tarsus, ein Stoiker, Nachfolger des Babyloniers Diogenes und Lehrer des Panätius, Varr. LL. 6, 2. Cic. de off. 3, 51; wahrsch. auch Tusc. 5, 107. – c) Ant. aus Tyrus, ebenf. ein Stoiker, Freund des jüngern Kato, Cic. de off. 2, 86. – III) L. Caelius Antipater, s. Caelius.

Antĭpăter, (11) trī, m. (Ἀντίπατρος), ¶ 1 général dʼAlexandre : Liv. 31, 14 ; Cic. Off. 2, 48 ¶ 2 nom de plusieurs philosophes : Cic. Tusc. 5, 107, etc. ¶ 3 contemporain de Cicéron : Cic. Off. 2, 86 ¶ 4 Cælius Antipater, historien, v. Cælius.

Anti'pater

a celebrated chaser of silver. (Plin. Nat. 33.55.) [P.S]

Anti'pater

(Ἀντίπατρος), a writer on the interpretation of dreams (Oneirocritica), mentioned by Artemidorus. (Oneir. 4.64.) [L.S]

Anti'pater of Acanthus

(Ἀντίπατρος), of Acanthus, a Greek grammarian of uncertain date (Ptolem. Heph. apud Phot. Cod. 190; Eustath. ad Hom. Od. xi. p. 453), who is probably the same as the one mentioned by the Scholiast on Aristophanes. (Av. 1403.) [L.S]

Anti'pater

(Ἀντίπατρος), an Astrologer or mathematician, who wrote a work upon genethlialogia, in which he endeavoured to explain man's fate, not from the circumstances under which he was born, but from those under which he had been conceived. (Vitr. 9.7.) [L.S]

Anti'pater

(Ἀντίπατρος), bishop of Bostra in Arabia, flourished about 460 A. D. His chief work was Ἀντίρρησις, a reply to Pamphilus's Apology for Origen, some fragments of which are contained in the Acts of the 2nd council of Nice. He also wrote a homily on John the Baptist, and some other discourses. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. x. p. 518 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. sub ann. 460.) [P.S]

Antipater

(Ἀντίπατρος), the father of Cassander, was an officer in high favour with Philip of Macedon (Just. 9.4), who after his victory at Chaeroneia, B. C. 338, selected him to conduct to Athens the bones of the Athenians who had fallen in the battle. (Just. l.c.; Plb. 5.10.) He joined Parmenion in the ineffectual advice to Alexander the Great not to set out on his Asiatic expedition till he had provided by marriage for the succession to the throne (Diod 17.16); and, on the king's departure, B. C. 334, he was left regent in Macedonia. (Diod. 17.17; Arr. Anab. i. p. 12a.) In B. C. 331 Antipater suppressed the Thracian rebellion under Memnon (Diod. 17.62), and also brought the war with the Spartans under Agis III. to a successful termination. (See p. 72b.) It is with reference to this event that we first find any intimation of Alexander's jealousy of Antipater--a feeling which was not improbably produced or fostered by the representations of Olympias, and perhaps by the known sentiments of Antipater himself. (Curt. 6.1.17, &c., 10.10.14; Plut. Ages. p. 604b., Alex. pp. 688, c., 705, f.; Perizon., ad Ael. V. H. 12.16; Thirlw. Gr. Hist. vol. vii. p. 89; but see Plut. Phoc. p. 749e.; Ael. VH 1.25.) Whether, however, from jealousy or from the necessity of guarding against the evil consequences of the dissensions between Olympias and Antipater, the latter was ordered to lead into Asia the fresh troops required by the king, B. C. 324, while Craterus, under whom the discharged veterans were sent home, was appointed to the regency in Macedonia. (Arr. vii. p. 155; Pseudo-Curt. 10.4.9, &c.; Just. 12.12.) The story which ascribes the death of Alexander, B. C. 323, to poison, and implicates Antipater and even Aristotle in the plot, is perhaps sufficiently refuted by its own intrinsic absurdity, and is set aside as false by Arrian and Plutarch. (Diod. 17.118; Paus. 8.18; Tac. Ann. 2.73; Curt. 10.10.14, &c.; Arr. vii. p. 167; Plut. Alex. ad fin. ; Liv. 8.3; Diod. 19.11; Athen. 10.434c.) On Alexander's death, the regency of Macedonia was assigned to Antipater, and he forthwith found himself engaged in a war with a strong confederacy of Grecian states with Athens at their head. At first he was defeated by Leosthenes, and besieged in Lamia, whence he even sent an embassy to Athens with an unsuccessful application for peace. (Diod. 18.3, 12, 18; Paus. 1.25; Just. 13.5 ; Plut. Phoc. p. 752b., Demosth. p. 858d.) The approach of Leonnatus obliged the Athenians to raise the siege, and the death of that general, who was defeated by Antiphilus (the successor of Leosthenes), and who was in league against the regent with Olympias, was far more an advantage than a loss to Antipater. (Diod. 18.14, 15; Just. 13.5; Plut. Eumt. p. 584d. e.) Being joined by Craterus, he defeated the confederates at Cranon, and succeeded in dissolving the league by the prudence and moderation with which he at first used his victory. Athens herself was obliged to purchase peace by the abolition of democracy and the admission of a garrison into Munychia, the latter of which conditions might surely have enabled Antipater to dispense with the destruction of Demosthenes and the chiefs of his party. (Diod. 18.16-18; Plut. Phoc. pp. 753, 754, Demosth. p. 858; Paus. 7.10; Thirlw. Gr. Hist. vol. vii. p. 187, note 1; Böckh, Publ. Econ. of Athens, 1.7, 4.3.) Returning now to Macedonia, he gave his daughter Phila in marriage to Craterus, with whom, at the end of the year B. C. 323, he invaded the Aetolians, the only party in the Lamian war who had not yet submitted. (Diod. 18.24.) But the intelligence brought him by Antigonus of the treachery of Perdiccas, and of his intention of putting away Nicaea, Antipater's daughter, to marry Cleopatra, compelled him to pass over to Asia ; where, leaving Craterus to act against Eumenes, he himself hastened after Perdiccas, who was marching towards Egypt against Ptolemy. (Diod. 18.23, 25, 29_33; Plut. Eum. pp. 585, 586; Just. 13.6.) On the murder of Perdiccas, the supreme regency devolved on Antipater, who, at Triparadeisus in Syria, successfully maintained his power against Eurydice, the queen. Marching into Lydia, he avoided a battle with Eumenes, and he on his side was dissuaded from attacking Antipater by Cleopatra, who wished to give the regent no cause of complaint. Towards the close of the year 321, he returned into Europe, taking with him the king and queen, and leaving Antigonus to prosecute the war with Eumenes. (Diod. 18.39, 40; Plut. Eum. p. 588a.) It was during the mortal illness of Antipater, B. C. 320, that Demades was sent to him from Athens to endeavour to obtain the removal of the garrison from Munychia, and was put to death for his treacherous correspondence with Perdiccas. Antipater left the regency to Polysperchon, to the exclusion of his own son Cassander. (Plut. Phoc. p. 755, Dem. ad fin. ; Arr. apud Phot. p. 70a.; Diod. 18.48.) [E.E]

Antipater

(Ἀντίπατρος), second son of Cassander, king of Macedonia, by Thessalonica, sister of Alexander the Great. Soon after the death of Cassander (B. C. 296), his eldest son Philip also died of consumption (Paus. 9.7; Plut. Demetr. 905, f.), and great dissensions ensued between Antipater and his younger brother Alexander for the government. Antipater, believing that Alexander was favoured by his mother, put her to death. The younger brother upon this applied for aid at once to Pyrrhus of Epeirus and Demetrius Poliorcetes. Pyrrhus arrived first, and, exacting from Alexander a considerable portion of Macedonia as his reward, obliged Antipater to fly before him. According to Plutarch, Lysimachus, king of Thrace, Antipater's father-in-law, attempted to dissuade Pyrrhus from further hostilities by a forged letter purporting to come from Ptolemy Soter. The forgery was detected, but Pyrrhus seems notwithstanding to have withdrawn after settling matters between the brothers; soon after which Demetrius arrived. Justin, who says nothing of Pyrrhus, tells us, that Lysimachus, fearing the interference of Demetrius, advised a reconciliation between Antipater and Alexander. On the murder of Alexander by Demetrius, the latter appears, according to Plutarch, to have been made king of all Macedonia, to the exclusion at once of Antipater. According to Justin, Lysimachus conciliated Demetrius by putting him in possession of Antipater's portion of the kingdom, and murdered Antipater, who appears to have fled to him for refuge. The murder seems, from Diodorus, to have been owing to the instigation of Demetrius. (Plut. Pyrr. p. 386, Demetr. pp. 905, 906; Just. 16.1, 2; Diod. Sic. xxi. Exc. 7.) [E.E]

Anti'pater, L. Coelius

a Roman jurist and historian. Works History, Law and Oratory

Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2.40) considers him more an orator than a jurist ; Cicero, on the other hand, prizes him more as a jurist than as an orator or historian. (De Or. 2.12; de Legg. 1, 2; Brut. 100.26.) He was a contemporary of C. Gracchus (B. C. 123); L. Crassus, the orator, was his pupil. He was the first who endeavoured to impart to Roman history the ornaments of style, and to make it more than a mere chronicle of events, but his diction was rather vehement and high-sounding than elegant and polished. He is not to be confounded with Coelius Sabinus, the Coelius of the Digest. None of his juridical writings have been preserved. He wrote a history of the second Punic war, and composed Annales, which were epitomized by Brutus. (Cic. Att. 13.8.) The history of the second Punic war was perhaps only a part of the Annales. Antipater followed the Greek history of Silenus Calatinus (Cic. de Div. 1.24, 49), and occasionally borrowed from the Origines of Cato Censorius. (Gel. 10.24; Macrob. Saturn. 1.4, extr.) The emperor Hadrian is reported to have preferred him as an historian to Sallust (Spartianus, Hadrian. 100.16); by Valerius Maximus (1.7) he is designated certus Romanae historiae auctor ; and he is occasionally quoted by Livy, who sometimes, with respectiful consideration, dissents from his authority. It is manifest, however, from Cicero and Val. Maximus, that he was fond of relating dreams and portents. Orelli (Onomast. Cic.) refers to the dissertations on Antipater by Bavius Ant. Nauta and G. Groen van Prinsterer, inserted in the Annals of the Academy of Leyden for 1821. Editions

His fragments, several of which are preserved in Nonius, are to be found appended to the editions of Sallust by Wasse, Corte, and Havercamp; and also in Krause's Vitae et Fragmenta vet. History. Rom. p. 182, &c. [J.T.G]

Anti'pater of Cyrene

(Ἀντίπατρος), of Cyrene, one of the disciples of Aristippus, the founder of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy. (D. L. 2.86.) According to Cicero (Tuscul. 5.38) he was blind, but knew how to console himself by saying, that darkness was not without its pleasures. [L.S]

Anti'pater

(Ἀντίπατρος), tyrant or prince of Derbe. Amyntas, the Lycaonian chieftain, murdered him and seized his principality. [Amyntas, No. 6.] He was a friend of Cicero's, one of whose letters, of uncertain date, is addressed on his behalf to Q. Philippus, proconsul of the province of Asia, who was offended with Antipater and held his sons in his power. (Strab. xii. p.392; Cic. Fam. 13.73.) [E.E]

Anti'pater

(Ἀντίπατρος), father of Herod the Great, was, according to Josephus, the son of a noble Idumaean of the same name, to whom the government of Idumaea had been given by Alexander Jannaeus and his wife Alexandra, and at their court the young Antipater was brought up. The two other accounts which we have of his parentage appear to be false. (J. AJ 14.1.3; Nicol. Damasc. apud Joseph. l.c.; African. apud Euseb. Hist. Eccl. 1.6, 7; Phot. Bil. n. 76, 238.) In B. C. 65, he persuaded Hyrcanus to take refuge from his brother Aristobulus II. with Aretas, king of Arabia Petraea, by whom accordingly an unsuccessful attempt was made to replace Hyrcanus on the throne. (Ant. 14.2, Bell. Jud. 1.6.2.) In B. C. 64, Antipater again supported the cause of this prince before Pompey in Coele-Syria. (Ant. 14.3.2.) In the ensuing year, Jerusalem was taken by Pompey, and Aristobulus was deposed ; and henceforth we find Antipater both zealously adhering to Hyrcanus, and labouring to ingratiate himself with the Romans. His services to the latter, especially against Alexander son of Aristobulus and in Egypt against Archelaus (B. C. 57 and 56), were favourably regarded by Scaurus and Gabinius, the lieutenants of Pompey; his active zeal under Mithridates of Pergamus in the Alexandrian war (B. C. 48) was rewarded by Julius Caesar with the gift of Roman citizenship; and, on Caesar's coming into Syria (B. C. 47), Hyrcanus was confirmed by him in the high-priesthood, through Antipater's influence, notwithstanding the complaints of Antigonus son of Aristobulus, while Antipater himself was appointed procurator of Judaea. (J. AJ 14.5. §§ 1, 2, 6. §§ 2_4, 8, Bell. Jud. 1.8. §§ 1, 3, 7, 9. §§ 3-5.) After Caesar had left Syria to go against Pharnaces, Antipater set himself to provide for the quiet settlement of the country under the existing government, and appointed his sons Phasaelus and Herod to be governors respectively of Jerusalem and Galilee. (J. AJ 14.9. §§ 1, 2, Bell. Jud. 1.10.4.) His care for the peace and good order of the province was further shewn in B. C. 46, when he dissuaded Herod from his purpose of attacking Hyreanus in Jerusalem [Herodes], and again in B. C. 43 (the year after Caesar's murder), by his regulations for the collection of the tax imposed on Judaea by Cassius for the support of his troops. (Ant. 14.9.5, 11.2, Bell. Jud. 1.10.9, 11.2.) To the last-mentioned year his death is to be referred. He was carried off by poison which Malichus, whose life he had twice saved [Malichus], bribed the cup-bearer of Hyrcanus to administer to him. (Ant. 14.11. §§ 2-4, Bell. Jud. 1.11. §§ 2-4.) For his family, see J. AJ 14.7.3. [E.E]

Anti'pater

(Ἀντίπατρος), the eldest son of Herod the Great by his first wife, Doris (Jos. Ant. 14.12.1), a monster of wickedness and craft, whose life is briefly described by Josephus (Bell. Jud. 1.24.1) in two words--κακίας μυστὴριον. Herod, having divorced Doris and married Mariamne, B. C. 38, banished Antipater from court (Bell. Jud. 1.22.1), but recalled him afterwards, in the hope of checking, by the presence of a rival, the violence and resentment of Mariamne's sons, Alexander and Aristobulus, who were exasperated by their mother's death. Antipater now intrigued to bring his half-brothers under the suspicion of his father, and with such success, that Herod altered his intentions in their behalf, recalled Doris to court, and sent Antipater to Rome, recommending him to the favour of Augustus. (Jos. Ant. 16.3, Bell. Jud. 1.23.2.) He still continued his machinations against his brothers, and, though Herod was twice reconciled to them, yet his arts, aided by Salome and Pheroras, and especially by the Spartan Eurycles (comp. Plut. Ant. p. 947b.), succeeded at length in bringing about their death, B. C. 6. (Jos. Ant. 16.4-11, Bell. Jud. 1.23-27.) Having thus removed his rivals, and been declared successor to the throne, he entered into a plot against his father's life with his uncle Pheroras ; and, to avoid suspicion, contrived to get himself sent to Rome, taking with him, for the approbation of Augustus, Herod's altered will. But the investigation occasioned by the death of Pheroras (whom his wife was suspected of poisoning) brought to light Antipater's murderous designs, chiefly through the disclosures of the wife of Pheroras, of Antipater's own freedman, and of his steward, Antipater the Samaritan. He was accordingly recalled from Rome, and kept in ignorance of the charges against him till his arrival at Jerusalem. Here he was arraigned by Nicolaus of Damascus before Quintilius Varus, the Roman governor of Syria, and the sentence against him having been confirmed by Augustus (who recommended, however, a mitigation of it in the shape of banishment), he was executed in prison, five days before the termination of Herod's mortal illness, and in the same year as the massacre of the innocents. (Jos. Ant. 17.1-7, Bell. Jud. 1.28-33; Euseb. Hist. Eccl. 1.8.12.) The death of Antipater probably called forth the well-known sarcasm of Augustus : " Melius est Herodis porcum esse quam filium." (Macrob. Saturn. 2.4.) [E.E]

Anti'pater of Hierapolis

(Ἀντίπατρος), of Hierapolis, a Greek sophist and rhetorician of the time of the emperor Severus. He was a son of Zeuxidemus, and a papil of Adrianus, Pollux, and Zeno. In his orations both extempore and written, some of which are mentioned by Philostratus, Antipater was not superior to his contemporaries, but in the art of writing letters he is said to have excelled all others, and for this reason the emperor Severus made him his private secretary. The emperor had such a high opinion of him, that he raised him to the consular dignity, and afterwards made him praefect of Bithynia. But as Antipater used his sword too freely, he was deprived of his office, and retired to his native place, where he died at the age of 68, it is said of voluntary starvation. Philostratus says, that he wrote a history of the life and exploits of the emperor Severus, but not a fragment of it is extant. (Philostr. Vit. Soph. 2.24, 25.4, 26.3; Galen, De Theriac. ad Pison. ii. p. 458; Eudoc. p. 57.) [L.S]

Anti'pater

the name of at least two Physicians.

Anti'pater

1. The author of a work Περὶ Ψυχῆς, On the Soul, of which the second book is quoted by the Scholiast on Homer (II. λ. 115. p. 306, ed. Bekker; Cramer, Anecd. Graeca Paris. vol. iii. p. 14), in which he said that the soul increased, diminished, and at last perished with the body; and which may very possibly be the work quoted by Diogenes Laertius (7.157), and commonly attributed to Antipater of Tarsus. If he be the physician who is said by Galen (De Meth. Med. 1.7, vol. x. p. 52; Introd. 100.4. vol. xiv. p. 684) to have belonged to the sect of the Methodici, he must have lived in or after the first century B. C.; and this date will agree very well with the fact of his being quoted by Andromachus (ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicare. sec. Locos, 3.1, 9.2, vol. xii. p. 630, vol. xiii. p. 239), Scribonius Largus (De Compos. Med. 100.167, p. 221), and Caelius Aurelianus. (De Morb. Ciron. 2.13, p. 404.) His prescriptions are frequently quoted with approbation by Galen and Aetius, and the second book of his " Epistles" is mentioned by Caelius Aurelianus. (l.c.)

Anti'pater

2. A contemporary of Galen at Rome in the second century after Christ, of whose death and the morbid symptoms that preceded it, a very interesting account is given by that physician. (De Locis Affect. 4.11, vol. viii. p. 293.) [W.A.G]

Anti'pater of Sidon

(Ἀντίπατρος), of Sidon, the author of several epigrams in the Greek Anthology, appears, from a passage of Cicero (Cic. de Orat. 3.50), to have been contemporary with Q. Catullus (consul B. C. 102), and with Crassus (quaestor in Macedonia B. C. 106). The many minute references made to him by Meleager, who also wrote his epitaph, would seem to shew that Antipater was an elder contemporary of this poet, who is known to have flourished in the 170th Olympiad. From these circumstances he may be placed at B. C. 108-100. He lived to a great age. Further Information

Plin. Nat. 7.52 ; Cic. de Fat. 3; V. Max. 1.8.16, ext.; Jacobs, Anthol. xiii. p. 847. [P.S]

Anti'pater of Tarsus

(Ἀντίπατρος), of Tarsus, a Stoic philosopher, was the disciple and successor of Diogenes and the teacher of Panaetius, B. C. 144 nearly. (Cic. de Divin. 1.3, de Off. 3.12.) Plutarch speaks of him with Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus, as one of the principal Stoic philosophers (de Stoic. Repugnant. p. 144), and Cicero mentions him as remarkable for acuteness. (De Off. 3.12.) Of his personal history nothing is known. Works

The few extant notices of his philosophical opinions would not be a sufficient ground for any great reputation, if it were not for the testimony of ancient authors to his merit. He seems to have taken the lead during his lifetime in the disputes constantly recurring between his own school and the Academy, although he is said to have felt himself so unequal in argument to his contemporary Carnceades, in public disputation, that he confined himself to writing; whence he was called καλαμοβόας. (Plut. Mor. p. 514d.; Euseb. de Praep. Evang. 14.8.) He taught belief in God as " a Being blessed, incorruptible, and of goodwill to men," and blamed those who ascribed to the gods "generation and corruption," which is said to have been the doctrine of Chrysippus. (Plut. de Stoic. Rep. p. 192.) Besides this treatise " on the gods," he also wrote two books on Divination, a common topic among the Stoics, in which he proved the truth of the science from the foreknowledge and benevolence of the Deity, explained dreams to be supernatural intimations of the future, and collected stories of divination attributed to Socrates. (Cic. de Divin. 1.3, 20, 39, 54.) He is said to have believed that Fate was a god, though it is not clear what was implied in this expression (Stob. de Fato, 16); and it appears from Athenaeus that he wrote a treatise entitled Περὶ Δεισιδαιμονίας. (viii. p. 346.) Of his labours in moral philosophy nothing remains but a few scattered notices, just sufficient to shew that the science had begun to decline; the questions which are treated being points of detail, and such as had more to do with the application of moral precepts than with the principles themselves: such as they were, however, he took higher ground in solving them than his master Diogenes. (Cic. de Off. 3.12, 13, 23.) Further Information

Compare Varro, de Ling. Lat. 6.1. p. 184, Fragm. p. 289, ed. Bip. [C.E.P]

Anti'pater

(Ἀντίπατρος), of Thessalonica. Works Epigrams

The author of several epigrams in the Greek Anthology, lived, as we may infer from some of his epigrams, in the latter part of the reign of Augustus (B. C. 10 and onwards), and perhaps till the reign of Caligula. (A. D. 38.) He is probably the same poet who is called, in the titles of several epigrams, " Antipater Macedo." Further Information

Jacobs, Anthol. xiii. pp. 848, 849. [P.S]

Anti'pater

(Ἀντίπατρος).

1. Of Tyre, a Stoic philosopher, and a contemporary of Cato the Younger, whose friend Antipater is said to have been when Cato was yet a young man. (Plut. Cat. Mi. 4.) He appears to be the same as the Antipater of Tyre mentioned by Strabo. (xvi. p. 757.)

Anti'pater

2. Of Tyre, likewise a Stoic philosopher, but unquestionably of a later date than the former, though Vossius (de Hist. Gr. p. 392, ed. Westermann) confounds the two. He lived after, or was at least younger than, Panaetius, and Cicero (de Off. 2.24), in speaking of him, says, that he died lately at Athens, which must mean shortly before B. C. 45. From this passage we must infer that Antipater wrote a work on Duties (de Officiis,) and Diogenes Laertius (7.139, 140, 142, 148) refers to a work of Antipater on the Universe (περὶ κόσμου), of which he quotes the eighth book. [L.S]

Antipăter

(Ἀντίπατρος). (1) The son of Iolaüs, a Macedonian. He was first an officer under Philip, and afterwards was raised to the rank of a general under Alexander the Great. When the latter invaded Asia Antipater was appointed governor of Macedonia, and in this station he served his prince with the greatest fidelity. He reduced the Spartans, who had formed a confederacy against the Macedonians; and, having thus secured the tranquillity of Greece, he marched into Asia with a powerful reinforcement for Alexander. After that monarch's death the government of Macedonia and of the other European provinces was allotted to Antipater. He was soon involved in a severe contest with the Grecian states; was defeated by the Athenians, who came against him with an army of 30,000 men and a fleet of 200 ships; and was closely besieged in Lamia, a town of Thessaly. But Leosthenes, the Athenian commander, having been mortally wounded under the walls of the city, and Antipater having received assistance from Craterus, his son-in-law, the fortune of the war was completely changed. The Athenians were routed at Cranon, and compelled to submit at discretion. They were allowed to retain their rights and privileges, but were obliged to deliver up the orators Demosthenes and Hyperides, who had instigated the war, and to receive a Macedonian garrison into the Munychia. Antipater was equally successful in subduing the other States of Greece, who were making a noble struggle for their freedom; but he settled their respective governments with much moderation. In conjunction with Craterus he was the first who attempted to control the growing power of Perdiccas, and after the death of that commander he was invested with all his authority. He exercised this jurisdiction over the other governors with unusual fidelity, integrity, and impartiality, and died in the eightieth year of his age, B.C. 319. At his death he left his son Cassander in a subordinate station; appointed Polysperchon his own immediate successor, and recommended him to the other generals as the fittest person to preside in their councils. Antipater received a learned education, and was the friend and disciple of Aristotle. He appears to have possessed very eminent abilities, and was peculiarly distinguished for his vigilance and fidelity in every trust. It was a saying of Philip, father of Alexander, “I have slept soundly, for Antipater has been awake” (Justin, xi. 12, 13, etc.; Diod.xvii. 18, etc.).

(2) The Idumaean, was the father of Herod the Great, and second son of Antipas, governor of Idumaea. He embraced the party of Hyrcanus against Aristobulus, and took a very active part in the contest between the two brothers respecting the office of high-priest in Iudaea. Aristobulus at first, however, succeeded; but when Pompey had deposed him and restored Hyrcanus to the pontifical dignity, Antipater soon became the chief director of affairs in Iudaea, ingratiated himself with the Romans, and used every effort to aggrandize his own family. He gave very effectual aid to Caesar in the Alexandrian War, and the latter in return made him a Roman citizen and procurator of Iudaea. In this latter capacity he exerted himself to restore the ancient Jewish form of government, but was cut off by a conspiracy, the brother of the high-priest having been bribed to give him a cup of poisoned wine. Iosephus makes him to have been distinguished for piety, justice, and love of country (Ant. Iud. xiv. 3).

(3) A son of Cassander, ascended the throne of Macedonia B.C. 298. He disputed the crown with his brother, Philip IV., and caused his mother, Thessalonica, to be put to death for favouring Philip's side. The two brothers, however, reigned conjointly, notwithstanding this, for three years, when they were dethroned by Demetrius Poliorcetes. Antipater thereupon retired to the court of Lysimachus, his father-in-law, where he ended his days (Justin, xxvi. 1).

(4) A native of Tarsus, the disciple and successor of Diogenes the Babylonian, in the Stoic School. He flourished about B.C. 144, and is praised by both Cicero and Seneca as an able supporter of that sect. His chief opponent was Carneades ( De Off. iii. 12; Plin. Ep. 92).

(5) A native of Cyrené, and one of the Cyrenaic school. He was a disciple of the first Aristippus and the preceptor of Epitimides.

(6) A philosopher of Tyre, who wrote a work on duty. He is supposed to have been of the Stoic school. Cicero (De Orat. iii. 50) speaks of him as an improvisator. Crassus, into whose mouth the Roman orator puts this remark, might have known the poet when he was quaestor in Macedonia, the same year in which Cicero was born (B.C. 106). Pliny relates (Pliny H. N. vii. 51) that he had every year a fever on the day of his birth, and that, without ever experiencing any other complaint, he attained to a very advanced age. Some of his epigrams remain, the greater part of which fall under the class of epitaphs (ἐπιτύμβια).

(7) A poet of Thessalonica, who flourished towards the end of the last century preceding the Christian era. We have thirty-six of his epigrams remaining.

(8) A native of Hierapolis. He was the secretary of Septimius Severus and praefect of Bithynia. He was the preceptor also of Caracalla and Geta, and reproached the former with the murder of his brother.

Antipăter, Lucius Caelius

A Roman historian, and contemporary of C. Gracchus, who wrote Annales, containing an account of the Second Punic War, in a highly rhetorical style, but valuable in their substance. The work was in seven books, and dedicated to L. Aelius Stilo. Livy uses it liberally in his third decade; and it appears also to have been drawn upon by Plutarch and Valerius Maximus. See Kranz, Beitr. z. Quellenkrit. des Val. Max. (Posen, 1876).

Antipater Antipater, father of Cassander

• Paus. 9.7.1, and Eurydice: Paus. 1.6.8
• governs Macedonia: Paus. 1.25.3
• defeats Lacedaemonians: Paus. 1.13.6, Paus. 3.10.5
• his war with Greeks: Paus. 5.4.9
• defeats Greeks at Lamia: Paus. 6.4.7, Paus. 7.10.4, Paus. 8.6.2, Paus. 10.3.4
• served by traitors: Paus. 1.8.3, Paus. 7.10.4
• brings Greek nation low: Paus. 1.4.1
• Aristotle's influence with him: Paus. 6.4.8
• death: Paus. 1.25.6

Antipater(2), son of Cassander

• murders his mother Thessalonice: Paus. 9.7.3
• is deposed and punished: Paus. 9.7.3

Antipater(3), son of Clinopatrus

• a Milesian, Olympic victor: Paus. 6.2.6