chlamys

chlămys, ydis (chlămyda, ae, as cassida = cassis, al., Ap. Met. 10, 30, 10; id. ib. 11, 24, 9; and perh.Varr. ap. Non. p. 539, 9, where, however, chlamyda may be acc. Gr. from chlamys), f., = χλαμύς,

• a broad, woollen upper garment worn in Greece, sometimes purple, and inwrought with gold, worn esp. by distinguished milit. characters, a Grecian military cloak, a state mantle, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 13 (611); id. Ep. 3, 3, 51 (432); id. Mil. 5, 30 (1423); id. Ps. 2, 4, 45 (738); 4, 7, 88 (1190); Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 27; Verg. A. 5, 250; 9, 582; 11, 775; Ov. M. 5, 51; 14, 345; 14, 393.—Hence also, the cloak of Pallas, Verg. A. 8, 588; Suet. Calig. 25.—Sometimes also worn by persons not engaged in war, e. g. by Mercury, Ov. M. 2, 733; by Dido, Verg. A. 4, 137; by Agrippina, Tac. A. 12, 56 (in Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 63, instead of it, paludamentum); by children, Verg. A. 3, 484; Suet. Tib. 6; cf. Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 69 (910); by actors, Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60; Ap. Flor. 15; by the chorus in tragedy, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 40.

chlamys, mydis, Akk. Plur. mydēs u. mydas, f. (χλαμύς), ein weites wollenes, zuw. purpurnes (dah. Punicea, Ov. met. 14, 345) u. mit Gold durchwirktes (dah. Phrygia, Verg. Aen. 3, 484) griech. Oberkleid der Männer, bes. der vornehmen Krieger, ein griechischer Kriegsmantel, Staatsmantel, die Chlamys (dah. Gewand der Pallas); aber auch Reisemantel vornehmer Männer und Staatsmantel weiblicher Personen u. Kinder, Gewand der Citharöden u. des Chors in der Tragödie, sowie der Theaterkönige, Pacuv. tr. 186. Plaut. Curc. 611 u. mil. 1423. Caecil. com. 269. Lucil. sat. 9, 71. Cornif. rhet. 4, 60. Varr. sat. Men. 212. Cic. Rab. Post. 27. Verg. Aen. 3, 484. Hor. ep. 1, 6, 40. Ov. met. 2, 733. Sen. ep. 76, 31. Suet. Tib. 6 u. Cal. 25. Tac. ann. 12, 56. – ➳ Nbf. chlamyda, ae, f., Apul. met. 10, 30 u. 11, 24. Mart. Cap. 1. § 3. – Nbf. chlamus, udis, f., u. clamys, ydis, f., u. clamis, idis, f., s. Lorenz Krit. Anm. zu Plaut. Pseud. 735. p. 273.

chlamys [CL < χλαμύς] , cloak, mantle: a (worn by layman or unspec.); b (worn by Templar); c (worn by acolyte); d (worn by woman); e (fig.). a quasi clamide detruncata regali Bede Sam. 677; vestis, clamis, scrud, ‥ clamis, hacele vel fotsið sciccel Ælf. Gl.; 9‥ clamidis, godweb, ‥ clamidem, hacelan oððe lachen oððe loðan WW; haec ubi dixit, clam conscidit clāmidis oram [regis Saul] V. Ed. Conf. 45; quem [Ethelstanum Elfredus] premature militem fecerat, donatum ~yde coccinea W. Malm. GR II 133; Map NC IV 11 (v. camisia 1d); Martinus modicus clamidem divisit, egenti / dans partem Garl. Tri. Eccl. 39 (cf. H. Bos. Thom. III 6); 1404 tabernaculum cum parte †clamdis S. J. Baptiste Ac. Durh. 395; 1405 lego ‥ j clamidem cum capucio de skarlet fururatam cum menyvoer Test. Ebor. III 35; s1415 cuneus prophetarum in tuniculis et ~ydibus aureis G. Hen. V 15; 1431 lego ‥ j †clavidem furruratam Wills N. Country 41; serviens ad legem ‥ justiciarius factus loco collobii clamide induetur, firmata super humerum ejus dexterum Fortescue LLA 51; hec †clavus [l. clamis], A. mantylle WW.  b 1434 (s1147) fratribus militibus Templi alba clamide indutis c et xxx presentibus (J. Stillingflete) MonA VI 832b (cf. Rec. Templars 214n).  c a1100 tres clamides ad opus acolitorum, quarum ‥ una cum duobus appendiciis auro brusdatis Process. Sal. 184.  d quam rex ‥ corona / et peplo clamidis necnon cicladibus ornat Aldh. VirgV 610; s1043 [regina] posito peplo et rejecto †clamine ‥ ducebatur ad tormentum Ann. Wint. 23 (cf. MonA I 208); s1415 effigies ‥ muliebris ~ide coccinea et feminalibus ornamentis induta G. Hen. V 15.  e sciens eum sub absconso clamide virorum principum inhesisse blanditiis (Quad., Pref. Leg. Hen.) GAS 545; abbas[R., dep. 1213] magnanimum se exhibebat, ‥ ut exordinationes suas sub absconso ~yde tegeret Chr. Evesham 104; 1295 sub dissimulacionis et connivencie clamide pertransire Reg. Cant. 2.

chlămўs, ydis, f. (χλαμύς), chlamyde [manteau grec], [en part.] manteau militaire : Pl. Mil. 1423 ; Cic. Rab. Post. 27 ; Virg. En. 4, 137.

chlamys , ydis. f.
童衣。戎衣。女衣。

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chlamys ydis, f

• , χλαμύς, a Grecian upper garment of wool, military cloak, state mantle: cum chlamyde statua: Tyria, O.: Pallas chlamyde conspectus, V.—In gen., a cloak, mantle, V., H., O.

CHLAMYS

CHLAMYS(χλαμύς), a short mantle. This term, being Greek, denoted an article of the AMICTUSor outer raiment, which was in general characteristic of the Greeks, and of the Oriental races with which they were connected, although both in its form and in its application it approached very near to the LACERNAand PALUDAMENTUMof the Romans, and was itself to some extent adopted by the Romans under the emperors. It was for the most part woollen; and it differed from the ἱμάτιον, the usual amictus of the male sex, in these respects, that it was much smaller; also finer, thinner, more variegated in colour, and more susceptible of ornament. It moreover differed in being oblong instead of square, its length being generally about twice its breadth. (Plut. Alex. 26; Plin. Nat.5.62.)

The chlamys came originally from Macedonia and Thessaly (Ammon. p. 146; Plin. l. c.; Poll. 7.46, 10.124). It was the dress of hunters, of travellers, especially on horseback (Xen. An. 7.4.4; Plaut. Poen. 3.3, 6, 31), and of soldiers (Aelian, Ael. VH 14.10; Plaut. Pseud. 2.4, 45; Epid. 3.3, 55). It seems to have been part of the usual dress of a Spartan (Aristoph. Lys. 988; Juven. 8.101), and was worn at Athens by the ephebi from about seventeen to twenty years of age. (Philemon, p. 367, ed. Meineke; ephebica chlamyde, Apuleius, Met. 10. p. 253; Pollux, 10.164; λαβεῖν τὸ χλαμύδιον, Athen. 6. p. 240 c). In the frieze of the Parthenon representing the Panathenaic procession, several of the riders have the chlamys. It does not appear to have been much worn by children, although one was given with its brooch to Tiberius Caesar in his infancy (Suet. Tib. 6).

The chlamys as worn by youths, by soldiers, and by hunters, differed in colour and fineness, according to its destination, and the age and rank of the wearer. The χλαμὺς ἐφηβικὴ was probably yellow-or saffron-coloured; and the χλαμὺς στρατιωτικὴ, scarlet. On the other hand, the hunter commonly went out in a mantle of a dull unconspicuous colour, as best adapted to escape the notice of wild animals (Poll. 5.18). The more ornamental mantles, being designed for females, were tastefully decorated with a border (limbus, Verg. A. 4.137; maeander, 5.251); and those worn by Phoenicians, Trojans, Phrygians, and other Asiatics, were also embroidered, or interwoven with gold (Verg. ll. cc., 3.483-4, 11.775; Ovid. Met. 5.51; Val. Flacc.). Actors had their chlamys ornamented with gold (Poll. 4.116).

The usual mode of wearing the mantle was to pass one of its shorter sides round the neck, and to fasten it by means of a brooch (πόρπη, fibula), either over the breast, in which case it hung down the back, reaching to the calves of the legs; or over the right shoulder, so as to cover the left arm, as is seen in the cut under CAUSIAand in the well-known example of the Belvedere Apollo. In other instances, it was made to depend gracefully from the left shoulder, of which the bronze Apollo in the British Museum (see right-hand figure) presents an example; or it was thrown lightly behind the back, and passed over either one arm or shoulder, or over both (as in left-hand figure, taken from Hamilton's Vases, 1.2); or, lastly, it was laid upon the throat, carried behind the neck, and crossed so as to hang down the back, as in the figure of Achilles under BALTEUSand sometimes its extremities were again brought forward over the arms or shoulders. In short, the remains of ancient art of every description show in how high a degree the mantle contributed, by its endless diversity of arrangement, to the display of the human form in its greatest beauty; and Ovid has told us how sensible the ephebi were of its advantages in the account of the care bestowed upon this part of his attire by Mercury (Met. 2.735). The aptitude of the mantle to be turned in every possible form around the body made it useful even for defence. The hunter used to wrap his chlamys about his left arm when pursuing wild animals, and preparing to fight with them (Poll. 5.18; Xen. Cyneg. 6.1. 7). Alcibiades died fighting with his mantle rolled round his left hand instead of a shield. The annexed woodcut exhibits a figure of Poseidon armed with the trident in his right hand, and having a chlamys to protect the left. It is taken from a medal which was struck in commemoration of a naval victory obtained by Demetrius Poliorcetes, and was evidently designed to express his sense of Poseidon's succour in the conflict. When Artemis goes to the chase, as she does not require her mantle for purposes of defence, she draws it from behind over her shoulders, and twists it round her waist, so that the belt of her quiver passes across it, as shown in the statues of this goddess in the Vatican (see woodcut).

It appears from the bas-reliefs on marble vases that dancers took hold of one another by the chlamys, as the modern Greeks still do by their scarves or handkerchiefs, instead of taking one another's hands.

Among the Romans the chlamys came more into use under the emperors. Caligula wore one enriched with gold (Suet. Calig. 19). Alexander Severus, when he was in the country or on an expedition, wore one dyed with the coccus (chlamyde coccinea, Lamprid. Al.Sev. 40 ; of. Matt. 26.28, 31).

[J.Y] [W.M.L]

Chlamys

(χλαμύς). A short mantle forming a part of the outer raiment of the Greeks, and of the Romans in imperial times. Its material was usually woollen; and it differed from the ἱμάτιον, the usual amictus of the male sex, in these respects: that it was much smaller; also finer, thinner, more variegated in colour, and more susceptible of ornament. It moreover differed in being oblong instead of square, its length being generally about twice its breadth (Plut. Alex. 26).

The chlamys came originally from Macedonia and Thessaly, and was the dress of hunters, of travellers, especially on horseback, and of soldiers. It seems to have been part of the usual dress of a Spartan (Aristoph. Lys. 988) and was worn at Athens by the ephebi from about seventeen to twenty years of age (Philemon, p. 367, ed. Meineke).

The chlamys as worn by youths, by soldiers, and by hunters differed in colour and fineness, according to its purpose, and the age and rank of the wearer. The hunter commonly went out in a mantle of a dull, inconspicuous colour, as best adapted to escape the notice of wild animals (Poll.v. 18). The more ornamental mantles, being designed for women, were tastefully decorated with a border (limbus, Verg. Aen. iv. 137); and those worn by Phoenicians, Trojans, Phrygians, and other Asiatics were also embroidered, or interwoven with gold (Verg. Aen. iii. 483-484Verg. Aen., xi. 775; Ovid, Met. v. 51). Actors had their chlamys ornamented with gold (Poll.iv. 116).

The usual mode of wearing the mantle was to pass one of its shorter sides round the neck, and to fasten it by means of a brooch (πόρπη, fibula), either over the breast, in which case it hung down the back, reaching to the calves of the legs; or over the right shoulder, so as to cover the left arm, as in the well-known example of the Belvedere Apollo. In other instances, it was made to depend gracefully from the left shoulder, of which the bronze Apollo in the British Museum (see righthand figure) presents an example; or it was thrown lightly behind the back, and passed over either one arm or shoulder, or over both (as in left-hand figure); or, lastly, it was laid upon the throat, carried behind the neck, and crossed so as to hang down the back, and sometimes its extremities were again brought forward over the arms or shoulders. In short, the remains of ancient art of every description show in how high a degree the mantle contributed, by its endless diversity of arrangement, to the display of the human form in its greatest beauty. The aptitude of the mantle to be turned in every possible form around the body made it useful even for defence. The hunter used to wrap his chlamys about his left arm when pursuing wild animals, and preparing to fight with them (Poll.v. 18; Cyneg. vi. 17). Alcibiades died fighting with his mantle rolled round his left hand instead of a shield. The annexed illustration exhibits a figure of Poseidon armed with the trident in his right hand, and having a chlamys to protect the left. It is taken from a medal which was struck in commemoration of a naval victory obtained by Demetrius Poliorcetes, and was evidently designed to express his sense of Poseidon's succour in the conflict. When Artemis goes to the chase, as she does not require her mantle for purposes of defence, she draws it from behind over her shoulders, and twists it round her waist, so that the belt of her quiver passes across it, as shown in the statues of this goddess in the Vatican.

It appears from the bas-reliefs on marble vases that dancers took hold of one another by the chlamys, as the modern Greeks still do by their scarfs or handkerchiefs, instead of taking one another's hands.

Among the Romans the chlamys came more into use under the emperors. Caligula wore one enriched with gold ( Calig. 19); and Alexander Severus, when in the country, one dyed with scarlet (Lamprid. Al. Sev. 40).