Glaucon
(Γλαύκων), an Athenian mentioned by Teles (ap. Stob. Floril. vol. ii. p. 82. ed Gaisf.), who appears to have borne a distinguished part in the last struggle of the Athenians against Antigonus Gonatas, known by the name of the Chremonidean war, B. C. 263. After its termination he fled, together with Chremonides, to the court of Ptolemy Philadelphus, where he was received with great honour, and rose to a high place in the king's confidence. Droysen (Hellenism. vol. ii. p. 206) supposes him to be the same Glaucon that is mentioned by Pythermus (apud Athen. ii. p. 44) as a waterdrinker, and who is there called one of the tyrants of the Peiraeeus (ἐν τοῖς Πειραιῶς τυραννεύουσι) ; but this expression is understood by Thirlwall, with more probability, to refer to the thirty tyrants of B. C. 404. (Thirlwall's Greece, vol. viii. p. 92 not.) [E.H.B]
(Γλαύκων), an Athenian, who, together with his brother Glaucus, and Theopompus, father of Macartatus, endeavoured by a forged will to obtain possession of some property, to the exclusion of Phylomache, who was next of kin to the deceased. The forgery was detected, but the attempt was renewed by them successfully in another trial (διαδικασία; see Dict. of Ant. s. u.), which placed Theopompus in possession of the property (Dem. c. Macart. pp. 1051, 1052). The speech of Demosthenes πρὸς Μακάρτατον was written to recover it for Eubulides, the son of Phylomache. [E.E]
(Γλαύκων), grammarians.
1. An eminent rhapsodist, or expositor of Homer, mentioned by Plato, in conjunction with Metrodorus of Lampsacus, and Stesimbrotus of Thasos. (Ion. p. 530d.; see the notes of Mülller and Nitzsch.)
2. A writer on Homer, quoted by Aristotle. (Poet. 25: this is one of the passages which Ritter considers as the additions of a later writer; he believes that Glaucon lived after Aristotle.)
3. Of Tarsus, also a writer on Homer, and apparently the head of a grammatical school. He wrote a work entitled γλῶσσαι. (Schol. ad Hom. Il. i. l; Athen. 11.480f.)
4. Of Teos, a writer on recitation. (Aristot. Rh. 3.1.) Confusion about identification
Whether of the above writers, the first and second are the same as either the third or the fourth, or different from either, it is impossible to determine. The first is supposed by some to have-been an Athenian, because Plato does not mention his country. (Comp. Villoisin, Proleg. ad Hom. p. 25.) [P.S]
(Γλαύκων), relatives of Plato.
1. The son of Critias, son of Dropides, was also the brother of Callaeschrus, and the father of Charmides and of Plato's mother, Perictione; he was, consequently, uncle to Critias (the tyrant) on the father's side, and to Plato on the mother's side. (Plat. passim; Xen. Mem. 3.7.1; Heindorf, ad Plat. Charm. p. 154.)
2. The son of Ariston, and brother of Plato, who, besides mentioning him elsewhere, makes him one of the speakers in the republic. He is also introduced as a speaker in Xenophon's Memorabilia (3.6). Suidas (s. v. Πλάτων) calls him Glaucus. (See also D. L. 3.4; Plut. de Frat. Amor. p. 484e.) In Plato's Parmenides also, Glaucon is one of the speakers; but a doubt has been raised whether this is not a different person, on the ground of an anachronism which the passage contains. Considering, however, the frequency of anachronisms in Plato, it sees most probable that this Glaucon is his brother. (Comp. Heindorf. ad Plat. Parmen. p. 126.) There is, perhaps, more doubt about the Glaucon who is one of the speakers in the Symposium (p. 172c.).
It is universally believed that this Glaucon is the Athenian philosopher mentioned by Diogenes Laertius, as the author of a book containing nine dialogues, entitled, Φειδύλος, Εὐριπίδης, Ἀμύντιχος, Εὐθίας, Λυσιθειδης, Ἀριστοφάνης, Κέφαλος, Ἀναξίφημος, Μενέξενος. Thirty-two other dialogues, which were ascribed to him, are designated as spurious by Diogenes (2.124).
The following pedigree represents the relationships above referred to:--
[P.S]
(Γλαύκων). The brother of Plato, who makes him one of the speakers in his dialogue De Republica.
- son of Eteocles, Olympic victor: Paus. 6.16.9
- Hdt. 9.75