Scylax
- a native of Halicarnassus, and friend of Panaetius, Cic. Div. 2, 42, 88.
(Σκύλαξ).
1. Of Caryanda in Caria, was sent by Dareius Hystaspis on a voyage of discovery down the Indus. Setting out from the city of Caspatyrus and the Pactyican district, Scylax and his companions sailed down the river to the east and the rising of the sun, till they reached the sea; from whence they sailed westward through the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea, performing the whole voyage in thirty months. (Hdt. 4.44.)
2. Of Halicarnassus, a friend of Panaetius, distinguished for his knowledge of the stars, and for his political influence in his own state. (Cic. de Div. 2.42.) Works
Suidas (s. v.), in his usual blundering manner, makes these two persons into one, and ascribes, to Scylax the following works: -- Περίπλουν τῶν ἐκτὸς τῶν Ἡρακλέους στηλῶν τὰ κατὰ τὸν Ἡρακλείδην τὸν Μυλασσῶν Βασιλέα γῆς περίοδον ἀντιγραφὴν πρὸς τὴν Πολυβίου ἱστορίαν Περίπλους τῆς θαλάσσης οἰκουμένης Εὐρώπης καὶ Ἀσίας καὶ Λιβύης
We have still extant a brief description of certain countries in Europe, Asia. and Africa, which bears the name of Scylax of Caryanda, and is entitled, Περίπλους τῆς θαλάσσης οἰκουμένης Εὐρώπης καὶ Ἀσίας καὶ Λιβύης. Composed by the Scylax mentioned in Herodotus?
This little work was supposed by Lucas Holstenius, Fabricius, Sainte-Croix, and others, to have been written by the Scylax mentioned by Herodotus. Composed by someone in the fourth century B.C.
Other writers, on the contrary, such as G. I. Vossius, Is. Vossius, and Dodwell, regarded the author as the contemporary of Panaetius and Polybius; but most modern scholars are disposed to follow the opinion of Niebuhr, who supposes the writer to have lived in the first half of the reign of Philip of Macedonia, the father of Alexander the Great (Philip began to reign B. C. 360). Niebuhr shows from internal evidence that the Periplus must have been composed long after the time of Herodotus; whilst, from its omitting to mention any of the cities founded by Alexander, such as Alexandria in Egypt, as well as from other circumstances, we may conclude that it was drawn up before the reign of Alexander. It is probable, however, that the author, whoever he was, may not have borne the name of Scylax himself, but prefixed to his work that of Scylax of Caryanda, on account of the celebrity of the navigator in the time of Dareius Hystaspis. Aristotle is the first writer who refers to Scylax (Pol. 3.14). Only an abridgement survives
It is evident, from his reference, as well as from the quotations from Scylax in other ancient writers (Philostr. Apollon. 3.47; Harpocrat. p. 174, ed. Gronov.; Tzetz. Chil. 7.144), which refer to matters not contained in the Periplus come down to us, that we possess only an abridgment of the original work. Editions
The Periplus of Scylax was first published by Hoeschel, with other minor Greek geographers, Augsburg, 1600, 8vo.; next by Is. Vossius, Amsterdam, 1639, 4to.; subsequently by Hudson, in his " Geographi Graeci Minores," and in the reprint of the same work by Gail, Paris, 1826; and last of all by R. H. Klausen, attached to his fragments of Hecataeus, Berlin, 1831. Further Information
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 606, &c. ; Vossius, de Hist. Graecis, p. 166, ed. Westermann ; Sainte-Croix, in Mém. de l'Acad. des Inscriptions, vol. xlii. p. 350; Niebuhr, Ueber das Alter des Küstenbeschreibers Skylax von Karyanda, in his Kleine Schriften, vol. i. p. 105, &c., translated in the Philological Museum, vol. i. p. 245, &c.; Ukert, Geographie der Griechen und Römer, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 285, &c.; the dissertations prefixed to Hudson's and Klausen's editions.
(Σκύλαξ), an engraver of precious stones, whose time is unknown, but from whose hand we still possess some beautiful gems. (Stosch, 58, 59; Bracci, 101, 102, 103). [P.S]
SCYLAX (Σκύλαξ), the chief tributary of the Iris in Pontus; it had its sources in the east of Galatia, and flowing in a north-western direction, emptied itself into the Iris near Eupatoria or Magnopolis. (Strab. 12. p. 547.) Its modern name is Tchoterlek Irmak. (Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. pp. 365, 374.)
[L.S](Σκύλαξ). (1) A native of Caryanda, in Caria, who was sent by Darius Hystaspis on a voyage of discovery down the Indus. Setting out from the city of Caspatyrus and the Pactyican district, Scylax reached the sea, and then sailed west through the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea, performing the whole voyage in thirty months (Herod.iv. 44). There is still extant a Periplus bearing the name of Scylax, but which could not have been written by the subject either of this or of the following article. The work is edited by C. Müller in the Geographi Graeci Minores (1861); and by Fabricius (1878). See Antichan, Les Grands Voyages de Découvertes des Anciens (Paris, 1890).
(2) Of Halicarnassus, a friend of Panaetius, distinguished for his knowledge of the stars, and for his political influence in his own State (Cic. Div. ii. 42).
(Σκύλαξ). A river of Pontus emptying into the Iris.
- his navigation of the Indus and the eastern seas: Hdt. 4.44
- his maltreatment by Megabates: Hdt. 5.33