scutum

scūtum, ī, n.: an oblong shield carried by the Roman legionary; a shield in general, 1.101, et al. (σκύτος, hide)

scūtum, i, n. (masc. collat. form scū-tus, Turp. ap. Non. 226, 13) [σκῦτος].

• I An oblong shield, made of boards fastened together, and covered with leather, a buckler (whereas clipeus denotes a round shield, target of metal; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 18): scutum pro clipeo, Liv. 1, 43: pedestre, of the infantry, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 14; 9, 13, 16; Liv. 6, 8; 7, 10: equestria, of the cavalry, id. 43, 6: ad galeas induendas scutisque tegimenta detrahenda tempus defuit, Caes. B. G. 2, 21: scutis ex cortice factis aut viminibus intextis, id. ib. 2, 33: sublato scuto, id. B. C. 2, 35: abjecto scuto fugere, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54: ut non modo non abjecto, sed ne rejecto quidem scuto fugere videar, id. de Or. 2, 72, 294: scutum reliquisse praecipuum flagitium, Tac. G. 6: hastas et scuta reclinant, Verg. A. 12, 130: fulgentia, id. ib. 8, 93: longa, id. ib. 8, 539; Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 73; Liv. 7, 26; 38, 17: erectum altius, Amm.24, 4, 4.—
• • B Transf., heavyarmed soldiers, men bearing shields (late Lat.): oppidum, ordine circumdatum trino scutorum, oppugnabat, Amm.24, 4, 10: Agilo, scutorum densitate contectus, id. 21, 12, 18 al.—
• II Trop., a shield, i. e. a defence, protection, shelter, safeguard (rare): sed ne quod tamen scutum dare in judicio viderentur eis, quos, etc., Cic. Tull. 18, 43: scuto vobis magis quam gladio opus est, Liv. 3, 53 fin. (for which, just before: praesidia libertatis non licentiae ad impugnandos alios): Fabius novam de Hannibale victoriam commentus est, non pugnare. Hinc illud ex populo, ut Imperii scutum vocaretur, Flor. 2, 6, 27; cf.: Deus, scutum meum, Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 3: scutum fidei, id. Eph. 6, 16.

scūtum, ī, n. (v. σκῦτος, Leder), der große (1¹/₈ m lange und ³/₄ m breite), den ganzen Mann deckende länglich viereckige Schild des röm. schweren Fußvolkes, der Langschild, griech. θυρεός (bestehend aus zwei zusammengeleimten Brettern, erst mit Leinwand u. dann darüber mit Rindshaut überzogen, am Rande mit Eisen beschlagen, in der Mitte nach außen mit einem eisernen Buckel versehen; hingegen clipeus der kleinere, länglich runde, hohle Schild von Erz; vgl. Veget. mil. 2, 18), Caes. u.a.: pedestre, des Fußsoldaten, Liv.: scuta equestria, der Reiter, Liv.: scutum abicere, wegwerfen, Cic., reicere, hinter sich halten, um den Rücken zu decken, Cic. – im Bilde, scuto vobis magis quam gladio opus est, Liv. 3, 53, 9: scutum imperii, v. Fabius Kunktator, Flor. 2, 6, 27. – ➳ Archaist. Nbf. scūtus, ī, m., Turpil. com. 40.

scutum, ~us [CL] 1 shield (as item of armour); b (as title of book); c (fig.). d (her., ~um armorum or sim.) representation of a shield bearing an armorial design, coat of arms; e (fig., as symbol of genealogical line). f shield-shaped diagram. g shield as sign to convey a message. unam [gorgonem] Perseus ~o vitreo defensus interfecit Lib. Monstr. I 38; non habens ~um ad manum, quo regem a nece defenderet Bede HE II 9; ~um praetenditur ut ipse totus inde protegatur Simil. Anselmi app. 193 p. 98; videres ‥ ~a micanti coloris genere diversis conspectibus pulcriori spectaculo resp[l]endere R. Cold. Cuthb. 65 p. 133; ~um, schylde WW.  b ~um Bedae Catal. Durh. 4; hec figura ~um dicta Bede, in partes octo picta MS BL Stowe 57 f. iv.  c c792 vos estis ‥ gladius contra hostes, ~um contra inimicos Alcuin Ep. 64; contra ille ~o patientie armatus paucis occurrit W. Malm. Wulfst. I 8 p. 14; si ‥ occiderit, amittat liberalis ~um liberalitatis (Ps.-Cnut) GAS 624; istud scutum te, Maria, / contra tela cluit tria Walt. Wimb. Virgo 132; tuus tunc preclare / fit triangulare / scutum filius J. Howd. Sal. 33. 6.  d 1243 emi faciant unum pulcrum lapidem ponendum super corpus Geraldi filii Mauricii justiciarii Hibernie in quo fieri faciant ~um ipsius Geraldi cum armis suis Liberate 19 m. 19; 1290 cum uno nobili ~o aceri diversimode depicto (AcWardr) Chanc. Misc. 4/5 f. 43; [dedit] j casulam ‥ habentem quandam arborem extendentem ramos cum foliis, et inter ramos circumquaque ~os diversorum armorum consutos Whittlesey 168; de ista nota que semibrevis nuncupatur, et figuratur ad modum losenge in ~o Fig. 43; 1386 ammaylantur ~i (v. esmallare); sunt quidam qui portant unum ~um intra aliud ~um Bad. Aur. 185; s1397 sic superbivit ‥ ut mutaret arma sua ‥ et adderet ~o suo arma Sancti Edwardi Ann. Ric. II 223; pelves argenteas, quae ~a habent Sancti Albani anemelata in suis fundis Reg. Whet. I 453.  e s1245 cito post obiit Anselmus frater ejus et sic evanuit ~um Marescallorum Ann. Lond. 44 (cf. Flor. Hist. II 305: clipeus).  f hec omnia in parva figura trium notarum quadratarum et in ~o subsequente sex notarum simplicium patent Torkesey 58.  g cum sex navibus in Angliam cursum direxit, sed rubeum ~um quod signum pacis erat super malum navis erexit Ord. Vit. X 6 p. 30; 1196 ne quis mercator pretendat selde sue rubros pannos vel nigros vel ~a vel aliqua alia per que visus emptorum sepe decipiuntur ad bonum pannum eligendum R. Howd. IV 34. 2 coin bearing a shield design (cf. et. florenus 2d), or its monetary value; b (spec. as made of gold); c (dist. acc. origin). 1422 usque ad summam quadraginta milium ~orum, quorum duo semper valerent unum nobile Anglicanum RParl 184. 1; 1424 decem ~a in auro, duo ~a in moneta Britannie Pat 414 m. 10d.; solvit pro anulis ‥ quinquaginta libras, que sunt trecenta ~a Fortescue LLA 50.  b 1341 novies centum et duo ~a auri in eodem sacco cum interfinio modico Foed. V 259; 1359 reddendo inde nobis per annum mille ~os aureos, vocatos Joannes Ib. IV 153; moneta de auro, sc. nobile seu ~um auri (J. Bridl.) Pol. Poems I 139.  c 1362 ~os de Phelippes Cal. Pl. Mem. Lond. 259; 1457 cuidam campsori ‥ ad habenda ~a Francie pro moneta Flandrie pro dictis ambassiatoribus ExchScot 308; 1469 computando ~um Scoticanum ad duodecim solidos Ib. 656. 3 lower part of a plough, ? mouldboard. 1316 in ij scut’ emptis ad caruc’, iij d. ob. MinAc 1132/13 B. 8d.. 4 dish, platter, tray (cf. scutellum). tunc detur a viro dos mulieri et ponatur super ~um vel super librum annulus Miss. Heref. 437; ponatur super librum vel super ~um anulus et argentum Lib. Evesham 36; 1368 item j ~um ad modum tabule cum salutacione Gabrielis de cupro deaurato Invent. Norw. 54. 5 (arch.) stone shaped for use in the coping of a gable, skew. 1253 item pro iiijxx et x et dim. pedibus de ~is Ac. Build. Hen. III 252; 1318 petra de Reygate ‥ pro crestis, ~is, corbell’, angular’, asshelariis, et aliis diversis necessariis ‥ ad batellamenta KR Ac 468/20 f. 13d.. 6 shield (of brawn). c1327 cignos octodecim, quatuor ~a aprina et sex corpora carnium ferinarum J. Mason Ep. 29; 1334 in ‥ uno ~o de braun Ac. Durh. 24; 1338 in ij ~io de braune pro festo Ib. 32; s1309 de sceutis de braun, precii lxv s. Thorne 2010. 7 (land held through or payment made in respect of land held through) knight's fee. b person rendering military service as knight's fee. c1159 habet anno quoque unum ~um in redditu ~orum meorum Rothomagi per manus turrensis mei Act. Hen. II I 350; 1169 quando dominica terra ‥ dat scutagium, dicta terra dabit quintam partem unius ~i Ambrosden I 174; quotiens xx solidi ponentur super ~um remanebunt abbati xij libre Brakelond f. 139v; s1244 concesserunt ei auxilium, sc. ad ~um viginti solidos ad filiam suam primogenitam maritandam Ann. Dunstable 167; 1254 tenuit ‥ unam carucatam terre ‥ per servicium dimidii ~i IPM 15/20; s1257 debent singuli capitaliter de ~o tenentes convenire et unum militem eligere de quolibet ~o qui corporaliter faciet servitium ‥ et quodlibet ~um taxabitur ad sex marcas M. Par. Maj. VI 438; est autem aliud genus tenementi, ejus sc. quod tenetur in socagio libero, et ubi fit servitium in denariis capitalibus dominis, et nihil inde omnino datur ad ~um et servitium regis Bracton f. 77b.  b †821 (12c) expeditionem cum xij vassallis et cum tantis ~is exerceant CS 366; †929 (12c) quod omnibus placuit de ~orum opere sicut dixisti CS 1341.

scūtum, (9) ī, n. (σκῦτος), bouclier [ovale et convexe, puis long et creux, c. une tuile faîtière] : Cæs. G. 2, 21, 5 ; 2, 33, etc.; Liv. 1, 43, 4 || [fig.] = défense : Cic. Tull. 43 ; Liv. 3, 53, 9.

scūtum ī, n

• SCV-, a shield, Roman shield, infantry shield, buckler(of two boards, joined, covered with linen and hide, and edged with iron): scutum pro clipeo, L.: pedestre, of the infantry, L.: equestria, of the cavalry, L.: scutis ex cortice factis aut viminibus intextis, Cs.: domus scutis referta: scutum reliquisse praecipuum flagitium, Ta.—Fig., a shield, defence, protection, shelter, safeguard: scutum dare in iudicio eis, quos, etc.: scuto vobis magis quam gladio opus est, L.

SCUTUM

SCUTUM(θυρεός), the Roman shield worn by the heavy-armed infantry after 340 B.C., instead of being round like the Greek CLIPEUSwas adapted to the form of the human body, by being made either oval or of the shape of a door (θύρα), which it also resembled in being made of wood or wicker-work, and from which consequently its Greek name was derived. Two of its forms are shown in the woodcut at p. 80. That which is here exhibited is also of frequent occurrence, and is given on the same authority: in this case the shield is curved so as in part to encircle the body. The terms clipeus and scutum are often confounded; but that they properly denoted different kinds of shields is manifest from the passages of several ancient writers (Liv. 8.8; Plut. Rom. 21). In like manner Plutarch distinguishes the Roman θυρεὸς from the Greek ἀσπὶς in his life of T. Flaminius (p. 688, ed. Steph.). In Eph. 6.16 St. Paul uses the term θυρεὸς rather than (ἀσπὶς or σάκος, because he is describing the equipment of a Roman soldier. These Roman shields are called scuta longa (Verg. A. 8.662; Ovid, Ov. Fast. 6.392). Polybius (Plb. 6.23) says their dimensions were 4 feet by 2 1/2 , or slightly more. The shield was held on the left arm by means of a handle, and covered the left shoulder.

[J.Y] [A.H.S]

Scutum

(θυρεός). The large oblong shield generally adopted by the Roman infantry instead of the round buckler (clipeus), at the period when the military ceased to serve without pay. It was about four feet long by two and a half wide; formed out of boards, like a door (whence the Greek terms θύρα and θυρεός), firmly joined together and covered over with coarse cloth, under an outer coating of raw-hide, attached and strengthened round the edges by a metal rim. The men of each legion had their shields painted of a different colour and charged with distinctive symbols (Livy, i. 43; viii. 8; Pliny , Pliny H. N. xvi. 77; Aen viii. 662; Veg. Mil. ii. 18; Polyb. ii. 30, 3; vi. 23, 2). See arma; clipeus.