tergum

tergum, i (poet. and in post-Aug. prose also tergus, ŏris), n. (masc.: familiarem tergum, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 53 (309); cf. Non. 227, 23) [cf. Gr. τράχηλος, neck; perh. root τρέχω, to run], the back of men or beasts (syn. dorsum).

• I Lit.
• • • • • α Form tergum: dabitur pol supplicium mihi de tergo vestre, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 75 (481): vae illis virgis miseris quae hodie in tergo morientur meo, id. Capt. 3, 4, 117 (649): manibus ad tergum rejectis, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3: boum terga, id. N. D. 2, 63, 159; cf. tergo poenae pendere Ter. Heaut. 728: tergo ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55, 14.—Of cranes eaeque in tergo praevolantium Colla reponunt, Cic. N. D. 2 49, 125. — Of the dolphin, Ov. F. 2, 113.— Of the crocodile: ejus terga cataphracta, Amm.22, 15, 16.—
        • β Form tergus: aurea quam molli tergore vexit ovis, Prop. 2, 26 (3, 21), 6: ut equa facilem sui tergoris ascensum praebeat, Col. 6, 37, 10.—
• II Transf.
• • A The back or hinder part, the back, rear,
  • • 1 Esp. in the phrases terga vertere or dare, to turn the back, pregn., for to take to flight, to flee: omnes hostes terga verterunt; neque prius fugere destiterunt, quam, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 53; so, terga vertere, id. ib. 3, 19; 3, 21; id. B. C. 3, 63; and even of a single person: terga vertit, Sen. Ep. 22, 7: qui plures simul terga dederant, etc., Liv. 22, 29, 5: terga dare, id. 36, 38, 4: inter duas acies Etrusci, cum in vicem his atque illis terga darent, id. 2, 51, 9; Ov. M. 13, 224: terga fugae praebere, id. ib. 10, 706: terga praestare (fugae), Tac. Agr. 37; Juv. 15, 75. — Trop. jam felicior aetas Terga dedit, tremuloque gradu venit aegra senectus, Ov. M. 14, 143.—
    • 2 In gen.: inflexo mox dare terga genu, i.e. yield to the burden, Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 6: praebere Phoebo terga, to sun itself, Ov. M. 4, 715: concurrit ex insidiis versisque in Lucretium Etruscis terga caedit, the rear, Liv. 2, 11, 9; Flor. 4, 12, 7: terga Parthorum dicam, the flight, Ov. A. A. 1, 209: terga collis, Liv. 25, 15, 12; cf.: terga vincentium, Tac. Agr. 37: summi plena jam margine libri Scriptus et in tergo necdum finitus Orestes, written on the back, Juv. 1, 6: retro atque a tergo, behind one, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; cf.: a tergo, a fronte, a lateribus tenebitur, id. Phil. 3, 13, 32: ut a tergo Milonem adorirentur, behind, id. Mil. 10, 29; 21, 56; id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 98: tumultum hostilem a tergo accepit, Sall. J. 58, 4; Caes. B. G. 7, 87; Curt. 3, 1, 19; 3, 8, 27; 8, 5, 1: post tergum hostium legionem ostenderunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 62: ne nostros post tergum adorirentur, id. B. C. 3, 44: Germani post tergum clamore audito, id. B. G. 4, 15: post tergum hostem relinquere, id. ib. 4, 22: qui jam post terga reliquit Sexaginta annos, has left behind him, has passed, Juv. 13, 16: omnia jam diutino bello exhausta post tergum sunt, Curt. 4, 14, 11: omnia, quae post tergum erant, strata, id. 3, 10, 7: tot amnibus montibusque post tergum objectis, id. 4, 13, 7.—
  • B The back of any thing spread out horizontally, as land or water, i. e. the surface (poet.): proscisso quae suscitat aequore terga, Verg. G. 1, 97: crassa, id. ib. 2, 236: amnis, Ov. P. 1, 2, 82; Claud. B. G. 338; Luc. 5, 564; 9, 341.—
  • C (Pars pro toto.) The body of an animal (poet.).
  • • • • α Form tergum: (serpens) Squamea convolvens sublato pectore terga, Verg. G. 3, 426; so of a serpent, id. A. 2, 208; Petr. 89, 1, 43; of Cerberus, Verg. A. 6, 422: horrentia centum Terga suum, i.e. a hundred head of swine, id. ib. 1, 635: nigrantis terga juvencos, id. ib. 6, 243: perpetui tergo bovis, id. ib. 8, 183.—
        • β Form tergus: resecat de tergore (suis) partem, of a chine of bacon, Ov. M. 8, 649: diviso tergore (juvenci), Phaedr. 2, 1, 11: squalenti tergore serpens, Sil. 3, 209.—
  • D The covering of the back, the skin, hide, leather, etc. (in this signif. tergus freq. occurs; syn.: pellis, corium).
  • • • • α Form tergum: taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo, ox-hide, Verg. A. 1, 368: ferre novae nares taurorum terga recusant, Ov. A. A. 2, 655.—
        • β Form tergus: tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant, Verg. A. 1, 211; so Cels. 7, 25, 1; 8, 1 med.: durissimum dorso tergus, Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 30; cf. id. 9, 35, 53, § 105; Col. 7, 4 fin.—
    • 2 Transf., a thing made of hide or leather.
    • • • α Form tergum: venti bovis inclusi tergo, i. e. in a bag made of a bull’s hide, Ov. M. 14, 225; 15, 305: et feriunt molles taurea terga manus, i.e. tymbals, id. F. 4, 342; so id. ib. 4, 212: Idae terga, Stat. Th. 8, 221: pulsant terga, id. Achill. 2, 154: rupit Terga novena boum, i. e. the nine thicknesses of bull’s hide, Ov. M. 12, 97: tergum Sulmonis, Verg. A. 9, 412; 10, 482; 10, 718; hence even: per linea terga (scuti), id. ib. 10, 784 (v. the passage in connection): duroque intendere bracchia tergo, i. e. cestus, id. ib. 5, 403; so id. ib. 5, 419.—
        • β Form tergus: gestasset laevā taurorum tergora septem, a shield covered with seven layers of hide, Ov. M. 13, 347: Martis tergus Geticum, Mart. 7, 2, 2.

tergum, ī, n. (zu griech. τέρφος, στέρφος, Fell, Leder, bes. die Rückenhaut der Tiere), der Rücken, der Menschen und Tiere (vgl. dorsum), I) eig. (poet. u. nachaug. Plur. terga auch vom Rücken einer Pers.): tuus deus digito non redundat, sed capite... tergo, poplitibus, Cic.: manus ad tergum reicere, Asin. Poll. in Cic. ep.: manus post tergum religare, Vell.: retorquere tergo bracchia libero, Hor.: tergo ac capite puniri, mit Ruten gehauen und geköpft werden, Liv.: terga dare (hinhalten) verberibus, Pacat. pan.: aber terga vertere od. dare, fliehen, Caes. u. Liv.: terga dare alci (hosti), vor jmd. fliehen, von ihm in die Flucht geschlagen werden, Liv. u. Curt.: terga praebere fugae, fliehen, Ov.: terga caedere, hinten einhauen, Liv.: praebere terga Phoebo, sich sonnen, Ov.: in tergo haerere, im Nacken sitzen (v. Feinde), Liv.: u. so tergo inhaerere, Liv.: a tergo, von hinten, Cic.: post tergum, hinten, auf dem Rücken, Phaedr. (u. noxio post terga deligantur manus, Sen. rhet.): post terga, hinter sich, Iuven.: a tergo esse, im Rücken sein (v. Schatten, Ggstz. antecedere), Sen. ep. 79, 13. – Plur. terga meton. = die Flucht, terga Parthorum dicam, Ov. art. am. 1, 209. – II) übtr.: 1) der hinterste od. von uns abgewandte Teil einer Sache, castris ab tergo vallum obiectum, von hinten, Liv.: stare ab tergo (als Reserve), Liv.: cum Germaniam ad laevam et in fronte, Pannoniam ad dextram, a tergo sedium suarum haberet Noricos, Vell.: ad terga collis, Liv.: so auch eines Buches, Iuven.: eines Baumes, Verg. – 2) die Oberfläche einer Sache, zB. des Feldes, die aufgepflügte Erde zwischen den Furchen, Verg.: u. so terga crassa, Verg.: des Flusses, Ov.: des Meeres, Lucan. – 3) die Bedeckung, Decke, der Überzug, clipei, Verg. Aen. 10, 482 u. 784. – 4) der Leib, der Schlange, Verg.: centum terga suum, hundert Schweine, Verg.: nigrantes terga iuvencos, Leib od. Haut, Verg.: terga suis sordida, geräucherter Schweinsrücken, Ov. – 5) die Haut, das Fell, Leder, a) eig.: taurinum, Verg.: terga ferarum, Tac.: taurorum terga recusant, Rindsleder od. etwas daraus Verfertigtes, Ov.: terga novena boum, Rindshäute des Schildes, Ov. – b) meton., das aus Fell od. Leder Bereitete, zB. der Schlauch, Ov.: taurea terga, Handpauken, Ov.: Sulmonis, Schild, Verg.: duro intendere brachia tergo, den Cästus, Verg. – ➳ Heteroklit. familiarem tergum, Plaut. asin. 319 G. u. L.

tergum [CL] 1 hinder part or side of the human torso, back; b (presented in flight or withdrawal, esp. in phr. ~a vertere, ~a dare, or sim.). c (in gl., pl., understood as) flight. si in ~o nupserit, penitere debet quasi ille qui cum animalibus Theod. Pen. I 14. 22; ~a hominum sunt tantum, singulariter ~um; tergus quadrupedum, pluraliter facit tergora, id est coria Alcuin Orth. 2347; strinxit eam manicis, secat ac per terga flagellis Wulf. Swith. II 1126; flavo crine in ~a soluto W. Malm. GP V 278; dux ‥ maximum bellatorem aurea lorica indutum in ~o ense percussit Ord. Vit. IX 9 p. 531; ~um i. dorsum, et tergus, -oris, est corium dorsi, sed unum pro alio ponitur quia proprie ~a sunt hominum, tergora brutorum animalium, unde versus “terga viri proprie dicuntur, tergora capre” et suple aliorum brutorum Dist. 5 p. 334; a bakke, dorsum ‥ ~um hominum, tergus animalium CathA.  b ~a pro scuto fugantibus dantur Gildas EB 6; Brocmail ad primum hostium adventum cum suis ~a vertens Bede HE II 2 p. 84; dux in proelio plus eum militem diligit qui post fugam reversus hostem fortiter premit quam illum qui numquam ~a praebuit Id. Luke 520D; c800 quia multorum auxilio tutius laborem militiae sustinet quam si solus contra plurimos stare incipiat vel, quod absit, fugiendo ~a ostendat persequentibus se Alcuin Ep. 303; pagani ‥ ~a in fugam verterunt Asser Alf. 42; antequam in manus veniretur ~a ostendit W. Malm. GR III 231; dux ‥ prospiciens multam partem adverse stationis ‥ insequi ~a suorum fugientibus occurrit Ord. Vit. II 14 p. 148; [Julius Caesar] qui bis ~a Britannis ostenderat Gir. EH I 7.  c ~a, fuga GlC T 50. 2 back (of animal, cf. et. tergus). b covering of animal's back, i. e. skin or hide. [belua] ~o serrato et saevis armata dentibus Lib. Monstr. II 22; equus niger et superbum hinniens videbatur, uncis ferreis per totum ~um protuberantibus W. Malm. GR II 204; spumantis equi ~um premere Id. GP I 44.  b 1225 corium nigrum ‥ octo ~a, precium x s. DCCant. AS/1; 1341 pro xij terg’ de grys, prec’ terg’ vj s. KR Ac 389/9 m. 2. 3 surface of body of water. per plana maris ~a Bede HE V 1 p. 282; flatus violentia ~a maris verrebat W. Malm. GR IV 320. 4 reverse side (of thing), back. saevissimis hostibus scapularum ~a pro scutorum umbonibus segniter praebeamus Aldh. VirgP 11; margine circumquaque tam ex parte carnis quam ex parte ~i existente libera Neckam Ut. 116 (v. caro 2); respice in ~o Capt. Seis. Cornw 30 (n. 1); 1553 de ‥ una cathedra cum ~o corrii, A. one chere with a backe of lether Pat 522 m. 28. 5 back, rear (w. ref. to direction or position relative to conventional or contextual orientation): a (post ~um or ~a, also w. gen.) behind, to the rear. b (a ~o) from or at the back or rear, (from) behind. c (ad ~um) towards the rear, backwards. a relictis post ~um mundialibus tenebris Gildas EB 9; sicut et in nostro, id est, in Brittanico mari refrenandae navi post ~um molaria saxa subiungere solent Bede Acts 992A; tabulae ‥ in angulis jubentur erigi post ~um tabernaculi Id. Tab. 442C; milites quatuor cursu rapidissimo post ~a secuti sunt Grim Thom. 80; non respiciens post ~um, nec ad dexteram, neque ad sinistram (Abbanus 13) VSH I 11; Deumque et Ecclesiam ejus atque ordinem meum post ~a rejiciens P. Blois Ep. 14. 43A; curro post ~um Jesu vocans atque vociferans J. Ford Serm. 24. 6.  b unum pallium a ~o portant, et nuditatem patris neque intuentur Bede Gen. 112A; ex iis quae exterius a ~o gerebant, intolerabili maerore me vulneraverunt Anselm (Ep. 12) III 115; feda tempestas ventorum nubiumque a ~o glomeratur Enc. Emmae II 9; revertens eundem [denarium] post se volantem a ~o suscepit Gir. TH II 46; Lodowicus ‥ fugit a ~o Johannis regis; sicque uterque exercitus ignominiosa dilapsus fuga, uterque alterque alterum a ~o salutavit M. Par. Maj. II 577; festinandum est: instatur a ~o Bacon Mor. Phil. 129.  c ad ~um pre timore respicientes, montem ‥ a nubibus expoliatum viderunt (Brendanus 41) VSH II 285. 6 rear or far side (of topographical feature, territory, or sim.). [Brittania] a ~o ‥ Orcadas insulas habet Bede HE I 1; Galaad mons ad ~um Foenicis et Arabiae collibus Libani copulatus extenditur Id. Nom. Loc. 279. 7 (in gl., pl.) hips, buttocks. targa [l. ~a], the hanches WW.

tergum, (7) ī, n. , ¶ 1 dos : Cic. Nat. 2, 159 ; tergo ac capite puniri Liv. 3, 55, 14, expier de son dos et de sa tête, être battu de verges et décapité || terga vertere Cæs. G. 1, 53, tourner le dos, fuir, cf. Cæs. G. 3, 19, etc., ou terga dare Liv. 22, 29, 5 ; 36, 38, 4, etc.; terga fugæ præbere Ov. M. 10, 706, prendre la fuite ; alicui terga dare Liv. 2, 51, 9, ou præstare Tac. Agr. 37, fuir, tourner le dos devant qqn ; terga hostium cædere Liv. 2, 11, 9, attaquer lʼennemi en queue ; a tergo Cic. Phil. 3 ; 32, par derrière, cf. Cic. Mil. 29 ; 56 ; Verr. 2, 5, 98 ; Cæs. G. 7, 87, 3 ; post tergum Cæs. G. 4, 15, sur les derrières, cf. Cæs. G. 4, 22, 2 ; 7, 62, 6 ; C. 3, 44 ¶ 2 [fig.] a) face postérieure : pertrahere hostem ad terga collis Liv. 25, 15, 12, entraîner lʼennemi derrière la colline ; b) dos, surface : [de la terre] Virg. G. 1, 97 ; 2, 236 ; [dʼun fleuve] Ov. P. 1, 2, 80 ; c) = corps dʼun animal : Virg. G. 3, 426 ; En. 2, 208 ; 6, 422 ; 8, 183 ; d) peau, cuir : Virg. En. 1, 368 ; Ov. Ars 2, 655 ; e) objets faits de cuir ou de peau : taurea terga ferire Ov. F. 4, 342, frapper les tambours phrygiens ; tergum adversi Sulmonis Virg. En. 9, 412, le bouclier de Sulmon qui fait face || ceste : Virg. En. 5, 403 ; f) ferri terga Virg. En. 10, 482, les lames de fer [du bouclier, qui forment, comme les peaux, des couches successives], cf. 10, 784.

tergum , i. n.
背後。脊骨。皮革。蛇身。猪肥肉。盖。皮牌。皮袋。鼓。— collis 山後。— aquae 水面。— arvorum 田面。Post — vel a tergo 自後邊。Tergo puniri 受鞭。Terga. plur. n. 逃跑之人。Terga vertere vel dare 逃。Dare terga 敗力脱馱。Terga supinare 仰臥。

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tergum, i, n.: tergo, dorso, schiena, spalle; ● terga vertĕre (dare), voltare le spalle (darsi alla fuga); ● a tergo (post tergum), di dietro (alle spalle); alicui terga dare Liv o praestāre [Tac] fuggire innanzi a qualcuno; Etruscis terga caedit Liv assale alle spalle gli Etruschi; tergo ac capite punīri Liv essere punito con la fustigazione e con la decapitazione

● parte posteriore, dorso; ad terga collis Liv dietro il colle

● corpo (di un animale) Virg

● cute, pelle.

tergum ī, n

• TRAG-, the back: manibus ad tergum reiectis: tergo poenas pendere, T.: tergo ac capite puniri, L.: recurvum (of the dolphin), O.—The back part, reverse, hinder part, rear: Praebere Phoebo terga, to sun itself, O.: Terga Parthorum dicam, the flight, O.: terga vincentium, Ta.: libri in tergo necdum finitus Orestes, written on the back, Iu.—In phrase, a tergo or post tergum, behind, in the rear: a tergo, fronte, lateribus tenebitur: ut a tergo Milonem adorirentur, behind: tumultum hostilem a tergo accepit, S.: post tergum hostium legionem ostenderunt, Cs.: qui iam post terga reliquit Sexaginta annos, has passed, Iu.: tot amnibus montibusque post tergum obiectis, Cu.—With verto or do, to turn the back, turn back, take flight, run away, flee, retreat: omnes hostes terga verterunt, Cs.: qui plures simul terga dederant, etc., L.: terga fugae praebere, O.: terga praestare (fugae), Ta.—The back, surface: proscisso quae suscitat aequore terga, V.: amnis, O.—Of an animal, the body: (serpens) Squamea convolvens sublato pectore terga, V.: horrentia centum Terga suum, i. e. head of swine, V.: perpetuo tergo bovis, V.—The covering of the back, skin, hide, leather: Taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo, ox-hide, V.: venti bovis inclusi tergo, i. e. in a bag of bull's hide, O.: Et feriunt molles taurea terga manūs, i. e. tymbals, O.: rupit Terga novena boum, i. e. the nine thicknesses of bull's hide, O.: per linea terga (scuti), V.