descendo

dē-scendo, di, sum, 3 (perf. redupl.: descendidit, Valer. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 4 fin.; and, descendiderant, Laber. ib.; perf.: desciderunt, Inscr. Frat. Arv. 13 Henzen.), v. n., to come down; and of inanimate subjects, to fall, sink down, to descend, opp. to ascendo (class. and freq.).

• I Lit.
• • A In gen.: ex equo, to alight, Cic. de Sen. 10, 34; Auct. B. Hisp. 15, 2; for which, equo, Sall. Hist. Fragm. 5, 13: sicut monte descenderat, id. J. 50, 2: e curru, Suet. Tib. 20: e tribunali, id. Claud. 15: de rostris, Cic. Vatin. 11: de templo, Liv. 44, 45: de caelo, id. 6, 18; for which, caelo, Hor. Od. 3, 4, 1: e caelo, Juv. 11, 27: caelo ab alto, Verg. A. 8, 423; cf.: vertice montis ab alto, id. ib. 7, 675; and: ab Histro (Da cus), id. G. 2, 497: ab Alpibus, Liv. 21, 32, 2; 27, 38, 6: monte, Verg. A. 4, 159: aggeribus Alpinis atque arce Monoeci, id. ib. 6, 831: antro Castalio, Ov. M. 3, 14: per clivum, id. F. 1, 263 et saep.—Indicating the terminus ad quem: in mare de caelo, Lucr. 6, 427: Juppiter in terras, id. 6, 402: in pon tum, Sil. 1, 607; 15, 152; cf.: caelo in hibernas undas, Verg. G. 4, 235: caelo ad suos honores templaque, etc., Ov. F. 5, 551: in aestum, Lucr. 6, 402: in inferiorem ambulationem, Cic. Tusc. 4: in campos, Liv. 6, 737; cf. Curt. 9, 9: in Piraeum, Quint. 8, 6, 64 et saep.: ad naviculas, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 48 fin.: ad genitorem imas Erebi descendit ad umbras, Verg. A. 6, 404: sinus vestis infra genua, Curt. 6, 5 et saep. Poet. also with dat.: nocti, i. e. ad inferos, Sil. 13, 708; cf. Erebo, id. 13, 759.—With sup.: per quod oraculo utentes sciscitatum deos descendunt, Liv. 45, 27, 8.—Absol.: turbo descendit, Lucr. 6, 438; cf. Verg. E. 7, 60: asta ut descendam (sc. ex equo), dismount, alight, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 120 (710); Suet. Galb. 18: descendens (sc. e lecto), Tib. 1, 5, 41: descendo (sc. de arce), Verg. A. 2, 632: umbrae descendentes (sc. ad inferos), Stat. S. 5, 5, 41.—Poet.: trepidi quoties nos descendentis arenae vidimus in partes, i. e. that seemed to sink as the wild beasts rose from the vaults, Calp. Ecl. 7, 69.—
  • B In partic.
  • • 1 To go down, to go, to come, sc. from the dwelling-houses (which in Rome were mostly situated on eminences) to the forum, the comitia, etc.: in forum descendens, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 267; so, ad forum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 538, 26; Q. Cic. Petit. cons. 14; Valer. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9 fin.; Liv. 24, 7; 34, 1; cf.: fuge, quo descendere gestis, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 5; Orell. ad loc.: ad comitia, Suet. Caes. 13 al.: de palatio et aedibus suis, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46.—Absol.: hodie non descendit Antonius, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 2, 38; Liv. 2, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 27 al. —
    • • b Transf.: in causam, Cic. Phil. 8, 2; Liv. 36, 7; Tac. H. 3, 3: in partes, id. A. 15, 50. —
      • c Of land, etc., to sink, fall, slope: regio, Val. Fl. 1, 538.—
      • d Of forests whose wood is brought to the plain, Stat. Ach. 2, 115: Caucasus, Val. Fl. 7, 55.—
      • e Of water conveyed in pipes, to fall: subeat descendatque, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57; cf. of the sea: non magis descenderet aequor, Luc. 5, 338.—
    • 2 In milit. lang., to march down, sc. from an eminence into the plain: ex superioribus locis in planitiem, Caes. B. C. 3, 98; cf. id. ib. 3, 65, 2: qua (sc. de monte), Sall. J. 50, 3: inde (sc. de arce), Liv. 32, 32; cf. id. 7, 29: in aequum locum, Caes. B. G. 7, 53, 2; for which, in aequum, Liv. 1, 12: in campum omnibus copiis, id. 23, 29: in plana, Front. Strat. 2, 5, 18: ad Alexandriam, Liv. 45, 12 et saep.—Absol., Liv. 44, 5; Front. Strat. 3, 17, 9: ad laevam, Sall. J. 55 al.—With supine: praedatum in agros Romanos, Liv. 3, 10, 4; 10, 31, 2.—Hence,
    • • b Transf.: in aciem, to go into battle, to engage, Liv. 8, 8; 23, 29; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 11 al.: in proelium, id. ib. 2, 1, 10; Just. 21, 2, 5: in certamen, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26: ad pugnam, ad tales pugnas, Val. Fl. 3, 518; Juv. 7, 173; Front. Strat. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41; and even, in bellum, Just. 15, 4, 21; 38, 8, 1; cf.: in belli periculum, id. 15, 1, 2.—
    • 3 In medic. lang., of the excrements: to pass off, pass through, Cels. 2, 4 fin.: olera, id. 1, 6: alvus, id. 2, 7.—
    • 4 Pregn., to sink down, penetrate into any thing (freq. only after the Aug. per.; not in Cic. and Caes.): ferrum in corpus, Liv. 1, 41; cf. Sil. 16, 544: toto descendit in ilia ferro, Ov. M. 3, 67: (harundo) in caput, Luc. 6, 216; cf.: in jugulos gladiis descendebant (hostes), Flor. 3, 10, 13: ense in jugulos, Claud. B. Get. 601: in terram (fulmen), Plin. 2, 55, 56, § 146: in rimam calamus, id. 17, 14, 24, § 102: subjacens soli duritia non patitur in altum descendere (radices), lapathi radix ad tria cubita, Plin. 19, 6, 31, § 98 et saep.: toto corpore pestis, Verg. A. 5, 683: galeas vetant descendere cristae, to sink down, Stat. Th. 9, 262. —
    • 5 In an obscene sense, Cat. 112, 2; Juv. 11, 163.—
• II Trop.
• • A In gen. (esp. freq. in Quint.), to descend, etc.: a vita pastorali ad agriculturam, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 3 sq.; cf.: ad aliquem, Just. 1, 4, 1: usus in nostram aetatem descendit, Quint. 1, 11, 18: (vox) attollitur concitatis affectibus, compositis descendit, id. 11, 3, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 92: grammatici omnes in hanc descendent rerum tenuitatem, id. 1, 4, 7 et saep.: in omnia familiaritatis officia, Plin. Pan. 85, 5.—Pass. impers.: eo contemptionis descensum, ut, etc., Tac. A. 15, 1 et saep.: si quid tamen olim Scripseris, in Maeci descendat judicis aures, Hor. A. P. 387: si descendere ad ipsum Ordine perpetuo quaeris sunt hujus origo Ilus et Assaracus, etc., Ov. M. 11, 754.—
  • B In partic.
  • • 1 (Acc. to no. I. A. 4.) To sink deep into, to penetrate deeply: quod verbum in pectus Jugurthae altius, quam quisquam ratus erat, descendit, Sall. J. 11, 7; cf.: ut altius injuriae quam merita descendant, Sen. Ben. 1, 1 med.; id. Contr. 1 praef.; Spart. Ant. Get. 6: cura in animos Patrum, Liv. 3, 52; cf.: qui (metus deorum) cum descendere ad animos ... non posset, id. 1, 19: nemo in sese tentat descendere, to examine himself, Pers. 4, 23.—
    • 2 To lower one's self, descend to an act or employment, etc.; to yield, agree to any act, esp. to one which is unpleasant or wrong (freq. in Cic. and Caes.; cf. Orell. ad Cic. Cael. 2, and Fabri ad Liv. 23, 14, 3).—Constr. with ad, very rarely with in or absol.: senes ad ludum adolescentium descendant, Cic. Rep. 1, 43; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6: ad calamitatum societates, id. Lael. 17, 64: sua voluntate sapientem descendere ad rationes civitatis non solere, id. Rep. 1, 6 al.: ad ejusmodi consilium, Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 5: ad innocentium supplicia, id. ib. 6, 16 fin.: ad vim atque ad arma, id. ib. 7, 33: ad gravissimas verborum contumelias, id. B. C. 3, 83: ad accusandum, ad inimicitias, Cic. Mur. 27, 56; id. Sest. 41, 89; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 1: ad extrema, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4: ad frontis urbanae praemia, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 11: preces in omnes, Verg. A. 5, 782: videte, quo descendam, judices, Cic. Font. 1, 2; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 38; Caes. B. C. 1, 81, 5: ad intellectum audientis, Quint. 1, 2, 27: ad minutissima opera, id. 1, 12, 14; 4, 2, 15: placet mihi ista defensio; descendo, I acquiesce, id. ib. 2, 2, 72.—
    • 3 (Mostly ante-Aug.) To descend or proceed from any person or thing: ex gradu ascendentium vel descendentium uxorem ducere, Dig. 23, 2, 68 et saep.: quod genus liberalitatis ex jure gentium descendit, ib. 43, 26, 1; cf. ib. 18, 1, 57 fin.: a Platone, Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 111; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 43.—Hence, subst.: dē-scendens, entis, m. and f., a descendant; plur. descendentes, posterity, Dig. 23, 2, 68. —
    • 4 (In Quint.) To depart, deviate, differ from: tantum ab eo defluebat, quantum ille (sc. Seneca) ab antiquis descenderat, Quint. 10, 1, 126; id. 3, 5, 8.☞ The passive is very rare, Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 71; Prud. Apoth. 1075.

dē-scendo, scendi, scēnsum, ere (de u. scando), herabsteigen, -kommen, -gehen, von einem höhern Orte nach einem niedrigern (Ggstz. ascendere), I) von Menschen, A) eig.: 1) im allg.: inde, Plaut.: de Palatio, Cic.: de Capitolio, Liv.: de rostris, Cic.: de tribunali, Liv.: de castello, Cic.: ex equo, Cic., oder bl. equo, Sall. fr.: plaustro, Val. Max. (u. so descendere [verst. plaustro] uxorem ac pueros iussit, Liv.): de caelo, Liv., od. caelo, Hor., od. ab alto caelo, Verg.: illuc (Ggstz. inde rursum evadere), Hygin. fr.: alicunde, Tert.: illo (dahin), Sen.: illuc, Gell.: huc, Nep.: in flumen, Curt.: alci obviam in Piraeum, Nep.: ad litus, Suet.: inter Tiberim et Viam Tectam ad inferos, Sen.: ad naviculas nostras, Cic.: in naves, Caes.: Ostiam, fahren, Suet.: (poet.) mit Dat., nocti (Finsternis der Unterwelt), Sil.: Erebo, Sil.: m. Acc., ratem, Apollon. hist. 28 in.: scalas ascendere et descendere, Soran. p. 82, 14. – m. 1. Supin., per quod (os specus) oraculo utentes sciscitatum deos descendunt, Liv. 45, 27, 8. – 2) insbes., a) desc. in od. ad forum u. absol., (von den in Rom auf Anhöhen gelegenen Wohnungen) auf den Markt kommen od. gehen, Cic. u.a. (s. Bentley Hor. ep. 1, 20, 5): so auch ad comitia, Suet. – b) als milit. t. t., von einer Anhöhe in die Ebene, aus dem Innern eines Landes nach der Küste marschieren, ziehen (griechisch κα ταβαίνειν, Ggstz. ascendere, griechisch ἀναβαίνειν), ex superioribus locis in planitiem, Caes.: ab Alpibus, Liv.: in aequum locum, Caes.: in aequum, in campum, Liv.: ad Alexandriam, Liv.: in Graeciam (von Xerxes), Nep. – m. 1. Supin., Sabinum exercitum praedatum in agros Romanos descendisse, Liv. 3, 30, 4: u. so Liv. 10, 31, 2. – c) im obszönen Sinne, sich zum Beischlaf niederlegen, Catull. 112, 2 (Schwabe liest quin te scindat). Iuven. 11, 163. – B) übtr.: 1) im allg.: tantum ab eo (Seneca) defluebant, quantum ille ab antiquis descenderat, von den Alten auf eine niedrigere Stufe herabgestiegen = gegen die Alten gesunken war, Quint. 10, 1, 126. – ut (wie doch) nemo in sese tentat descendere, in den eigenen Busen zu greifen (= sich selbst zu prüfen), Pers. 4, 23. – 2) insbes.: a) sich herablassen, sich herabstimmen, sich verstehen, sich entschließen, sich versteigen, sich beilassen, schreiten, sich erniedrigen zu etw., eingehen, sich einlassen, auf etw., ad condicionem, Cael. in Cic. ep.: in preces omnes, Verg.: in certamen, Cic.: in causam, Liv.: ad preces, Sen. poët.: ad sententiam alcis, Caes.: ad inimicitias, Cic.: ad vim atque arma (zur Waffengewalt), Caes.: ad extremum auxilium, Liv.: ad ultimum prope desperatae rei publicae auxilium, Liv.: ad ineptas cavillationes, Quint.: ad supplicia innocentium, Cic.: ad omnia, Cic.: ad accusandum, Cic.: in minima, Cic. fr.: quo descendam, Cic.: eo contemptionis descensum, ut etc., Tac.: desc. eo, ut etc., Liv. epit. – b) abstammen, herrühren, a patriciis, ICt.: dah. descendentes, w. s. – II) v. Lebl.: A) eig., herabgehen od. -kommen, niedersinken, eindringen, herabfallen, 1) im allg.: descendit fulmen in terram, Plin.: uvae descendunt, fallen ab, Varro. – 2) insbes., a) v. Gewändern u. Haaren, herabfallen, herabwallen, sinus vestis, quem nodo colligunt, descendit infra genua, Curt. 6, 5 (19), 27: capilli descendentes ab aure, Petron. 18, 4. – b) v. Waffen, Geschossen usw., eindringen, ferrum in corpus descendit, Liv.: in iugulos gladii descendebant, Flor.: totum descendit in ilia ferrum, Ov.: in caput descendit arundo (Pfeil), Lucan. – c) v. Waldungen, Gebirgen, sich herabziehen, inde caeduae silvae cum ipso monte descendunt, Plin. ep.: Caelius ex alto quā mons descendit in aequum, Ov. – d) v. Bergen, Gebäuden, sich senken, quia montis altitudo descendit, Sen.: theatrum ingentibus rimis descendit et hiat, Plin. ep. – e) v. Gewässern, α) fallen = abnehmen, v. Wasser einer Wasserleitung (Ggstz. subire), Plin. 31, 57: v. Meere (Ggstz. crescere), Lucan. 5, 337. – β) herab-, hinabfließen, sich herab- od. hinabergießen, ex Cerauniis montibus, Mela: in pontum, Sil.: in campos (v. Meere), Curt.: inter Callipidas Axiacasque, Mela: per Concanos, Mela: Nilus diu simplex saevusque descendit, Mela: Nilus descendens, Mela. – f) v. verdauten Speisen, aus dem Körper abgehen, quod descendit, die Exkremente, Cels.: olera celeriter descendunt,Cels.: si cibus non descendat, Plin. – g) v. Tönen u. Silben usw., herabsteigen, sinken, est item contra quiddam in remissione gravissimum quoque tamquam sonorum gradibus descenditur, es gibt einen äußersten Punkt, unter den die Stimme nicht tiefer sinken darf und bis wohin man nur wie auf einer Tonleiter herabsteigt, Cic.: vox attollitur concitatis affectibus, compositis descendit, Quint.: syllabae acres, quae ex brevibus ad longas insurgunt, leniores, quae a longis in breves descendunt, Quint. – B) übtr.: 1) im allg.: quod verbum in pectus Iugurthae altius quam quis ratus erat descendit, drang tiefer ein, Sall.: quod dictum altius in pectus Bassiani descendit, Spart.: ebenso iniuriae descendunt altius, Sen.: cura descendit in animos, Liv. – 2) insbes., von etw. ausgehen = ihm der Ähnlichkeit nach nahe kommen, v. Edelsteinen, e vicino, Plin.: ab illis, Plin. – u. umgekehrt, zu etw. herabsteigen = ihm der Ähnlichkeit nach nahe kommen, ad hyacinthos, Plin. – ➳ Archaist. redupliz. Perf. descendidit, Valer. Ant. ann. 75. fr. 62: descendiderant, Laber. com. 20 (beide bei Gell. 6 [7], 9, 17).

See: descendere

dēscendō, (8) scendī, scēnsum, ĕre (de et scando), intr., ¶ 1 descendre : de rostris Cic. Vat. 26 ; de cælo Liv. 6, 18, 9, descendre de la tribune, du ciel ; ex equo Cic. CM 34 ; e tribunali Suet. Claud. 15 ; e cælo Juv. 11, 27, descendre de cheval, du tribunal, du ciel ; ab Alpibus Liv. 21, 32, 2, des Alpes ; monte Sall. J. 50, 2 ; cælo Virg. G. 4, 235, dʼune montagne, du ciel ; ex superioribus locis in planitiem Cæs. C. 3, 98, 1, descendre des hauteurs dans la plaine, cf. G. 7, 53, 2 ; ad naviculas nostras Cic. Ac. 2, 148, descendre vers nos barques ; ad imas umbras Virg. En. 6, 404, dans les profondeurs chez les ombres || [avec dat., poét.] : nocti, Erebo Sil. 13, 708 ; 13, 759, descendre dans la nuit, dans lʼÉrèbe || [en part.] : descendere in forum Crass. d. Cic. de Or. 2, 267 ; ad forum Cic. d. Non. 538, 26, ou descendere seul Cic. Phil. 2, 15 ; Verr. 2, 2, 92, descendre au forum ; ad comitia Suet. Cæs. 13, aux comices ; in Piræum Nep. Alc. 6, 1, au Pirée ¶ 2 [t. mil.] quitter la position quʼon occupait pour en venir aux mains, en venir à, sʼengager dans : in certamen Cic. Tusc. 2, 62 ; in aciem Liv. 8, 8, 1 ; ad pugnam Val. Flacc. 3, 518, en venir au combat, engager la lutte || [fig.] sʼengager dans, in causam, dans un parti : Cic. Phil. 8, 4 ; Att. 8, 1, 3 ; Liv. 36, 7, 6 ; Tac. H. 3, 3 ( in partes Ann. 15, 50 ) || se laisser aller à qqch., condescendre à : ad ludum Cic. de Or. 2, 22, se laisser aller à jouer, cf. Rep. 1, 67 || en venir à, se résigner à, se résoudre à : ad societates calamitatum Cic. Læl. 64, se résoudre à partager lʼinfortune ; ad omnia Cic. Att. 9, 18, 3, en venir à tous les moyens ; ad innocentium supplicia Cæs. G. 6, 16, 5, se résoudre à supplicier des innocents, cf. G. 5, 29, 5 ; 7, 78, 1, etc. ¶ 3 [en parl. de choses] pénétrer : ferrum descendit haud alte in corpus Liv. 1, 41, 5, le fer nʼest pas entré profondément dans le corps ; toto descendit corpore pestis Virg. En. 5, 683, le fléau gagne le corps entier des vaisseaux || descendre : vestis descendit infra genua Curt. 6, 5, 27, son vêtement descend au-dessous du genou ; [lʼeau descend, baisse] Plin. 31, 57 ; cf. Luc. 5, 337 ; [la voix sʼabaisse] Quint. 11, 3, 65 ; [les aliments descendent, se digèrent bien] Cels. Med. 1, 6 || se rapprocher de qqch. [par ressemblance], tirer sur qqch. (ad aliquid) : Plin. 37, 123 || [fig.] : quod verbum in pectus Jugurthæ altius... descendit Sall. J. 11, 7, ce mot pénétra profondément dans le cœur de Jugurtha ; curam in animos patrum descensuram Liv. 3, 52, 2, [ils disent] que lʼinquiétude entrera dans lʼâme des sénateurs ; in aures alicujus Hor. P. 387, être versé dans les oreilles de qqn = être lu à qqn ; in sese Pers. 4, 23, descendre en soi-même ¶ 4 descendre, finir par arriver à : a vita pastorali ad agriculturam Varro R. 2, 1, 5, en venir de la vie pastorale à lʼagriculture ; ejus disciplinæ usus in nostram usque ætatem descendit Quint. 1, 11, 18, la pratique de cette méthode est venue jusquʼà nous ¶ 5 descendre de, tirer son origine de : Dig. || [fig.] a Platone Plin. 22, 111, provenir de Platon ¶ 6 sʼécarter de, sʼéloigner de, dévier de : Quint. 10, 1, 126 ¶ 7 pass. anormal, comme si descendo était tr. : porticus descenduntur nonagenis gradibus Plin. 36, 88, des portiques dʼoù lʼon descend par quatre-vingt-dix degrés.

➳ pf. arch. descendidi Val. Ant. Ann. 62 et Laber. d. Gell. 6, 9, 17.

descendo , is, di, sum, dere. n. act. 3. (scando.)
下來。下去。生下。出來。— equo vel ex equo 下馬。— ad preces 方始求。— ad curas ejus 以其事罣念。— in sese 自悟。— ad ultima 無听留之策。— flumen下水去。 — in certamen 下較塲。— ab antiquis 不肖古人。— ad hyacinthum 彷彿夜香蘭。Descendunt radices 根漸深。Cibus hic descendit celeriter 此食易銷。Non descendit alvus 未泄肚。 Ad viciniam crystalli descendit 與水晶相近。 Quae aquae hauriendae vel ad aquam hauriendam descenderat 此女下山汲水。

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dē-scendō dī, sus, ere,

• to climb down, come down, descend, fall, sink: ex equo, to alight: monte, S.: de palatio: caelo, H.: e caelo, Iu.: vertice montis ab alto, V.: ab Alpibus, L.: arce Monoeci, V.: per clivum, O.: in campum: in ventrem, to be eaten, H.: caelo in undas, V.: ad naviculas: Ad mare, H.: Sacrā viā, H.: sciscitatum deos descendunt, L.: Iuppiter laeto descendet imbri, V.: O testa ... Descende (i. e. ex apothecā), H.—To go down, go, come (to business, etc.): in forum ante lucem: ad forum, L.: fuge, quo descendere gestis, H.: de palatio: hodie non descendit Antonius: quod non descenderet tribunus, L.: in causam, to engage.—Of troops, to march down: ex superioribus locis in planitiem, Cs.: quā (sc. de monte), S.: inde (sc. de arce), L.: in aequum, L.: omnibus copiis in campum descensum est, L.: ad laevam, S.: praedatum in agros Romanos, L.: descensum in aciem est, the battle began, L.: in certamen: Ad pugnam rhetoricā ab umbrā, Iu.—To sink down, penetrate: ferrum alte in corpus, L.: toto in ilia ferro, O.: toto corpore pestis, V.: in iudicis aurīs, H.—Fig., to go down, descend, sink, penetrate: verbum in pectus altius, S.: cura in animos patrum, L.: descendere ad ipsum Ordine perpetuo, follow the line of descent, O.—To lower oneself, descend, stoop, yield, agree to: senes ad ludum adulescentium descendant: ad calamitatum societates: ad eius modi consilium, Cs.: ad ultimum rei p. auxilium, L.: preces in omnīs, V.: videte, quo descendam.