lapis

lăpis, ĭdis (abl. lapi, Enn. ap. Prisc. 708 P.; gen. plur. lapiderum, C. Gell. ap. Charis. p. 40 P.), m. (f.: tanto sublatae sunt augmine tunc lapides, Enn. ap. Non. 211, 9) [etym. dub.; perh. from same root with rupes; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 545; not connected with λᾶας, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 542], a stone (cf.: saxum, silex, cautes, cos, calculus).

• I In gen.: stillicidi casus lapidem cavat, Lucr. 1, 313: undique lapides in murum jaci coepti sunt, Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Mil. 15, 41: pars eminus glande aut lapidibus pugnare, Sall. J. 57, 4: lapide percussus, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33 (611): lapidem habere, ut illi cerebrum excutiam, id. Capt. 3, 4, 69 (601); cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 47, 197: consul ingentem vim modicorum, qui funda mitti possent, lapidum paraverat, Liv. 38, 20, 1; Gell. 4, 14, 3 sqq.: e lapide duro parietes construere, Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 171: lapis duritia marmoris, id. 36, 22, 46, § 163: bibulus, sandstone, pumice-stone, Verg. G. 2, 348: molaris, a millstone, Quint. 2, 19, 3; cf.: num me illue ducis, ubi lapis lapidem terit? i.e. into the mill, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 16 (31): Parius, Parian stone, i.e. Parian marble, Verg. A. 1, 593: lapide candidiore diem notare, i.e. to mark with a white stone the luckiest day, Cat. 68, 148; cf. lapillus.—
• • B Trop. for dulness, stupidity, want of feeling: ego me credidi homini docto rem mandare: is lapidi mando maximo, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 47 (634): i, quid stas, lapis? quin accipis? Ter. Heaut. 831; cf. id. ib. 917: tu, inquam, mulier, quae me omnino lapidem, non hominem putas, id. Hec. 214; and with silex (q. v.): tu es lapide silice stultior, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 78 (287); cf.: lapides mehercule omnes flere ac lamentari coëgisses, Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245: lapis est ferrumque suam quicumque puellam verberat, Tib. 1, 10, 59: aut mare prospiciens in saxo frigida sedi, quamque lapis sedes, tam lapis ipsa fui, Ov. H. 19, 30.—Prov.: lapidem ferre altera manu, altera panem ostentare, i.e. to flatter openly and injure secretly, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 18 (195): verberare lapidem, i.e. to hurt one's self more than one's enemy, id. Curc. 1, 3, 41 (198): lapides loqui, to speak hard words, id. Aul. 2, 1, 29 (148): ad eundem lapidem bis offendere, to commit the same error twice, Aus. Ep. 11; so, bis ad eundem (sc. lapidem), Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 2.—
• II In partic.
• • A A mile-stone, set up on the roads at every thousand paces, which made a Roman mile; hence, with an ordinal numeral added to denote distance in miles: ad quartum et vicesimum lapidem a Roma, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; cf.: effoditur ad vigesimum ab Urbe lapidem, Plin. 33, 12, 56, § 159: sacra videt fieri sextus ab Urbe lapis, Ov. F. 6, 682: intra vicesimum lapidem, Liv. 5, 4 fin.: duodecimum apud lapidem, Tac. A. 3, 45: a tertio lapide, Flor. 2, 6 fin.: ad lapidem undecimum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 250 Müll.—Sometimes ellipt. without lapis: ad duodecimum a Cremona, Tac. H. 2, 24: ad quartum, id. ib. 2, 39: ad octavum, id. ib. 3, 15.—
  • B The stone or stone elevation on which the praetor stood at slavesales: in eo ipso astas lapide, ubi praeco praedicat, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17 (815); Col. 3, 3, 8: praeter duos de lapide emptos tribunos, Cic. Pis. 15, 35.—
  • C Terminalis, a landmark, boundary-stone, Amm.18, 2, 15; called lapis alone, Lact. 1, 20 fin.; so, lapis sacer, Liv. 41, 13; cf.: non fixus in agris, qui regeret certis finibus arva, lapis, Tib. 1, 3, 44; cf. id. 1, 1, 12.—
  • D A gravestone, tombstone, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 37; Tib. 1, 3, 54; called also ultimus, Prop. 1, 17, 20.—
  • E A precious stone, gem, jewel, pearl (mostly poet.), Cat. 69, 3: gemmas et lapides, Hor. C. 3, 24, 48: clari lapides, id. ib. 4, 13, 14; Ov. A. A. 1, 432; Sil. 12, 231; Mart. 11, 50, 4; Tac. A. 3, 53; Macr. S. 7, 13, 11.—
• F A statue: Jovem lapidem jurare, the statue of Jupiter at the Capitol, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; Gell. 1, 21, 4; v. Iuppiter.—*
• • • 2 Meton.: albus, a table of white marble, a marble table, Hor. S. 1, 6, 116.

lapis, idis, m. (vgl. griech. λέπας, kahler Fels), der Stein, I) im allg. (Synon. saxum, der größere Stein, Felsstein, dah. oft verb. lapides saxaque), oft kollektiv, lapis silex, Plaut. u.a.: lapis quadratus (kollektiv), Varro fr., Sen. u.a.: structilis, Baustein, ICt.: Tiburtinus (kollekt.), tiburtinische Quadern, Amm.: vivus, Feuerstein, Curt.: coctilis, Sen.: bibulus, Bimsstein, Verg.: solidus, Sen.: durus, Plin.: ardens, Meteorstein, Liv.: terminalis, Grenzstein, Amm.: muralis, Oros.: lapis fundae, Schleuderstein, Vulg.: primarius, Grundstein, Vulg. – emporium lapide sternere, Liv.: e lapide naumachiae circum maximum exstruere, Suet.: e lapidibus templo Iovis Capitolini destinatis filio monumentum exstruere, Suet. – undique in muros lapides iaci coepti sunt, Caes.: lapides iaciendos curare, Cic.: lapides mittere in alqm, Petron.: fundā mittere lapides, Liv.: ad lapides et arma discurrere, Tac.: eminus glande aut lapidibus pugnare, Sall.: alqm lapidibus prosequi, Cic.: lapide percuti, Cic.: lapide ictum (durch einen Steinwurf) interire, Nep.: u. so lapide ictum ex muro perire, Caes.: lapidibus alqm cooperire od. obruere, Cic.: ingenti lapidum saxorumque nimbo classem operire, Flor.: alqm lapidibus prosternere, Val. Max.: alcis domus fracta coniectu lapidum (durch Steinwürfe), Cic.: membra, quae debilitavit lapidibus, Cic. – vehicula ne lapidibus quidem fulta in eodem vestigio quiescebant, Plin. ep. – in lapidem verti (verwandelt werden), v. der Niobe, Hieron. epist. 69, 2: lapidibus pluit, es regnet Steine (vom Himmel), es fällt ein Steinregen, Liv.: lapide candidiore diem notare, als einen glücklichen bezeichnen (vgl. lapillus no. I), Catull. 68, 148. – Sprichw., verberare lapidem, vergeblich sich abmühen, Plaut. Curc. 197: lapides loqui, Dinge, die wie ein Stein aufs Herz fallen, d.i. verdrießliche Dinge reden, Plaut. aul. 152: alterā manu ferre lapidem, panem ostentare alterā, Plaut. aul. 195: ad eundem lapidem bis offendere, zweimal denselben Fehler begehen, Auson. epist. 11. p. 169 Schenkl (ellipt. bis ad eundem, Cic. ep. 10, 20, 2). – als Sinnbild der Dummheit, Stein, Stock (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 236. Wagner Ter. heaut. 831), neque habet plus sapientiae quam lapis, Plaut.: quid stas, lapis, Ter.: u. der Gefühllosigkeit, ah lapis est ferrumque, Tibull.; vgl. lapides mehercule omnes flere ac lamentari coëgisses, Cic. – II) insbes.: 1) ein Grenzstein, Liv. u.a. – Gegenstand relig. Verehrung, s. Dissen Tibull. 1, 1, 11. – 2) ein Grabstein, Prop. u. Tibull.: so auch lapis ultimus, Prop. – 3) wie λίος = ein Edelstein u. vorz. eine Perle, Catull., Ov. u. Tac.: gemmae et lapides, Hor.: lapidum gemmarumque fulgor, Sen. – 4) der Marmorstein, Marmor, lapis Phrygius, Hor.: Parius, Verg.: Numidicus, Thasius, Suet.: albus, weiße Marmorplatte (als Tisch), Hor. – 5) der Mosaikstein, lapides varii, Hor. sat. 2, 4, 83. – 6) der Meilenstein, dergl. an den Heerstraßen je 1000 Schritte (eine ital. Meile = ¹/₅ geogr. Meile) weit standen; dah. zur Bezeichnung von Ortsentfernungen, intra vicesimum lapidem, Liv.: ad quintum lapidem, beim fünften Meilenstein, fünf (röm.) Meilen von Rom, Nep.: u. so ad sextum lapidem a Vienna, Sen. – 7) der Stein, der steinerne Tritt, auf dem der Präko stand, wenn Sklaven verkauft wurden, Plaut. Bacch. 815: dah. duos de lapide emptos tribunos, Cic. Pis. 35. – 8) Iuppiter lapis, der Jupiter-Stein, ein Donnerkeil (Kies), den man als Symbol Jupiters beim Schwur in der Hand hielt, Iovem lapidem iurare, beim Jupiter-Stein schwören, Cic. ep. 7, 12, 2. – ➳ α) Abl. auch lapidi, Lucr. 1, 884: archaist. Abl. lapi, Enn. ann. 398. – β) Archaist. Genet. Plur. lapiderum, C. Gell. b. Charis. 54, 26. – γ) (wie ἡ λίθος) gen. fem., Enn. ann. 553. Varro r. r. 3, 5, 14. Ampel. 8, 11. Gromat. vet. 362, 13 sqq. Iul. Valer. 2, 18. p. 100, 22 Kuebler.

lapis [CL] 1 a a stone, piece or block of stone, rock. b stone, rock (as substance, material; cf. 2d infra, 2e infra). c (as type of hardness, insensibility, etc.). d (kind of) stone. a ruit in praeceps ‥ / congeries lapidum liquefactaque viscera montis Aldh. VirgV 1774; fuit ‥ ~is in interiore parte insule quem vehere ‥ iiij fratribus ‥ praecepit V. Cuthb. III 2; erat ‥ illo in loco ~is terrae aequalis obtectus cespite tenui Bede HE V 6 p. 290 (cf. Alcuin SS Ebor 1187); per caloris actionem aurum ‥ et cetere metallice species de ~ibus [Trevisa: stones] educuntur Bart. Angl. IV 1; ad eam [sc. armaturam] spectat omnis materia ~idum, lignorum, metallorum ‥ Kilwardby OS 365; his ~is, hec petra, hoc saxum a stonne WW.  b dei creandi materiam lignum vel ~idem esse non posse Bede HE III 22 p. 171.  c non ‥ nos beatus Petrus [I Petr. ii 5] talium [sc. materialium] ~idum duritiam et insensibilitatem vult imitari, sed ‥ Bede Ep. Cath. 48; si cor meum esset ~ide durius et glacie frigidius Anselm (Ep. 85) III 210; ~ides sunt, et non vivunt Quaest. Salern. B 23; et sciebat contristari / lapidum duricia J. Howd. Sal. 37. 11.  d tharsis ‥ apud Hebreos nomen est ~idis qui apud nos calcedonius vocatur Bede Cant. 1167; alabastrum proprium nomen ~idis, et vas sic nominatur de illo ~ide factum Gl. Leid. 24. 13; in interiori parte domus carbunculus, ~is inprimis nobilis et parvus inventu, tenebras noctis fugabat W. Malm. GR II 169; gypsus, ~is cognatus calci Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 263. 2 (w. ref. to quarrying, or use in buildings, etc.: cf. 16 infra): a a (piece or block of) stone; b (w. ref. to foundation stone); c (used in decorated floor, mosaic, or sim.). d stone (as material); e (of specified kind). f (~is francus, liber, Parius) (block of) freestone. a qui [sc. manus] ‥ factus non tam ~idibus quam cespitibus non profuit Gildas EB 15 (cf. Bede HE I 5); duae fossae ~idum DB I 35ra; lapidicina ‥ unde quadrati ~ides advehuntur Ord. Vit. III 12 p. 128; rex ‥ jussit ‥ viam ex cemento et lapidibus fabricari G. Mon. III 5; c1159 iiij jugera terre, unde ~ides extrahuntur ad opus monasterii Act. Hen. II I 280; secundum [sc. mirabile] est apud Stanhanges ubi ~ides mire magnitudinis ‥ in modum portarum elevati sunt R. Niger Chr. II 137; minere ~idum et metallorum Kilwardby OS 47; sicut ~is [ME: stan] a cemento solutus proicitur a summitate turris AncrR 83; 1355 in uno ~ide marmoreo empto pro tumulo ‥, xxv s. Ac. Durh. 555; 1448 de xiv s. rec’ de ~idibus muralibus venditis Ib. 236; quarinam de ~idibus tegulatis [tilestones] Val. Eccl. II 202b.  b ? 1159 Ebo ‥ concessit mihi quod facerem removeri ~idem quem ipse posuit in fundamento ecclesie Varennensis Act. Hen. II I 231; c1240 ~ides ‥ in fundamento ponendi Gros. Ep. 123; s1421 (v. 2 fundalis); 1457 (v. erectio 2).  c notare licet in pavimento vel per triangulum vel per quadratum ~ides altrinsecus ex industria positos W. Malm. Glast. 18; ostracus, i. pavimentum quoddam ex minutis testis vel ~idibus factum Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 396.  d curavit ‥ augustiorem de ~ide fabricare basilicam Bede HE II 14 p. 114; pavimentum ~ide constratum W. Malm. Glast. 18; de fragmentis ‥ que latomi de informi ~ide ‥ evulserant Ord. Vit. XI 27 p. 262; c1247 aulam ~ide coopertam Cart. Osney I 94; 1302 capiunt ‥ in eisdem marlera et quarera marlam et ~idem cum necesse habuerunt CourtR Hales 457.  e 1241 precipimus quod ‥ venire facias totum grisium ~idem quem invenire poteris usque turrim Londonie Liberate 15 m. 17 (cf. (v. grisus 5a)); 1312 in vm de sclat emptis apud Suthorp et missis ibidem ix s. vj d.; in j nave conducta ad cariandum dictum ~idem apud Rames’ xvj d. Rec. Elton 185; 1398 [murus] erit exterius de puro ~ide vocato achiler plane inscisso, interius vero de fracto ~ide vocato roghwall et de bono calce ‥ compositus Hist. Durh. Script. app. clxxx.  f quod in summis ‥ montium verticibus ‥ Parii ~ides reperiri soleant, qui et liberi vulgo dicuntur Gir. IK I 3 p. 45; c1212 (v. 1 liber 14); 1258 (v. 1 Francus 10); 1261 (v. 1 liber 14). 3 a (serving as boundary stone, landmark, or sim.); b (in place name); c (as tombstone, gravestone); d (as monument). a 774 (10c) ab austro terra regis Aduni ‥ usque in ~idem adpositum in ultimo terrae CS 214; 801 (13c) juxta uno acerbo ~idum quem nos Stancestil vocamus CS 282; ~is quem ipse pro limite ‥ posuit Ord. Vit. IV 16 p. 280; 1159 transiendo recto tramite illam moram usque ad tres magnos ~ides ex altera parte existentes Regesta Scot. 131 p. 193; Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 329 (v. limitanus 2); 1236 Bracton 167 (v. 1 finalis 1); c1270 inde sequendo terminum monachorum, sc. ~ides stantes, usque in Couepul Couch. Furness II 538 57 (cf. Cumb & Westmor Antiq. Soc. 79 (1979) 57); 1396 pro meliore notificacione perpetua bundarum predictarum habenda positi sunt quatuor ~ides Cart. Osney I 331.  b in loco ‥ qui dicitur Degsastan [? Dawston Rig, Roxburghshire], id est Degsa ~is Bede HE I 34; in locum qui vocatur Ad ~idem [? Stoneham, Hants] Ib. IV 14 (16) p. 237 (cf. VCH Hants III 478); c1302 usque ad Cornesauuoche, sc. ~idem aucipitris Ch. Coupar Angus I 157.  c placuit ‥ ut lapis, quo monumentum tegebatur, amoveretur Bede HE III 8 p. 143; bene ‥ apparet in sepulcrali ~ide quod ‥ Gosc. V. Iv. 89C; en tegit iste lapis hominem magne probitatis (Vers.) Ord. Vit. IV 16 p. 289.  d manent omnes cruces ‥ vocanturque biscepstane, id est ~ides episcopi W. Malm. GP V 230 p. 384; erexit ~idem in signum triumphi sui G. Mon. IV 17. 4 a (thrown or shot); b (in game of putting the shot, or sim.); c (in stoning person or animal); d (as weapon, propelled by hand, sling, etc.); e cannon ball. a 1212 (v. 1 felonia 2e); 1214 jactando quendam ~idem per infortunium occidit quandam garciam SelPlCrown 67; 1225 Mabilia ‥ lusit cum quodam ~ide ‥ et cecidit ~is super capud Walteri C. Ib. 119.  b alii cum hasta, alii ponderosorum ~idum ictu ‥ contendentes G. Mon. IX 14.  c densis ‥ ~idum imbribus obruti crudele mortis spectaculum praebuerunt Aldh. VirgP 44 p. 298 (cf. Dan. xiii 62); en Stephanus lapides suffert, Laurentius ignes [cf. Act. vii 57] Alcuin Carm. 114. 6. 1; curatorem suum ~idibus contrucidarunt W. Malm. GP II 76 p. 171; nisi ‥ eos [canes] immissi ~idis impetat ictu Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 278.  d Bede Kings 719, etc. (v. 1 funda 1a); interea funditores ~idibus, sagittarii jaculis ‥ instare W. Malm. GR IV 369 p. 427; jactis missilibus et ~idibus hostes relisit Ord. Vit. VIII 12 p. 334; balearis, funda que plures †similes [MS: simul] jacit ~ides Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 76; ~ides ‥ pugillares Gir. TH III 10 p. 151 (v. expedite 1).  e a1388 pro iiij canonibus grossis ‥ factis pro ~idibus rotundis jactandis Tout Papers II 269; 1418 pro factura septem millium ~idum pro gunnis de diversis sortibus Foed. IX 542a; s1422 bombardica ad emittendum ~idem preparata Bower XV 35; 1435 item unum magnum voglare ‥ portans ~idem de undecim pollicibus in cruce ‥; item unum aliud voglare ‥ ordinatum pro trahendo ~ides ferreos ardentes [etc.] Collect. W. Worc. 566; Strecche Hen. V 162 (v. falarica 2); Ib. 163 (v. facula 2c); Ib. 183 (v. falarica 2). 5 (in var. uses); b (in milling, grinding, or sim.); c (in ordeal). d (~is pacis) osculatory, pax, paxbred (cf. J. Braun Das christl. Altargerät Munich, 1932, 562). e (~is calculatorius) counter, ? abacus. agricolae virgulta ‥ acutis ~idibus ‥ solent incidere Bede Cant. 1098; GlC H 145; Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 272 (v. hostimentum 2a); s1344 (v. habere 31b); s1384 imponentes super ventrem ejus ~idem ‥ (v. 3 districtio 1a); ejus fiducia ~idis contemnunt hiemem More Ut. 32 (cf. ib.: : tradito magnetis usu); 1516 (v. 2 deliberare 3d).  b in aliquo ‥ angulari latibulo ~ides molares erexit ubi grana ‥ molendo ‥ comminuebat R. Cold. Godr. 68 p. 79; villani ‥ quadrigant ‥ ~idem molendini apud Dunelm’ Boldon Bk. 36 (cf. ib. 37: : molam molendini); 1229 (v. emolere a); 1295 ij d. in quodam ~ide qui vocatur grindingstan’ portando KR Ac 5/8 m. 3; 1362 in j par ~idum molarium empt’ ad molend’ de S. xiij s. iiij d. Ac. Durh. 126; ocra eligenda est ‥ sine ~ide fricabilis Alph. 127.  c in aqua fervente accipiat homo ~idem, qui per funem suspendatur in simpla probatione per mensuram palmae, in tripla autem unius ulnae (Jud. Dei) GAS 407; si anfeald tihla sit, inmergatur manus post ~idem [AS: æfter þam stane] ‥ usque ad wriste (Quad.) GAS 386.  d sacrista ‥ recipiat ‥ aquam benedictam et ~idem pacis, quem circumferat monialibus et sororibus incipiens semper pacem dare in dextro choro Inst. Sempr. lxxx*.  e c1374 quadrans, chilindrum, ‥ tabula ymaginum celestium, carta maris, ~is calculatorius Wallingf. app. III 133; Killingworth Alg. 714 (v. calculatorius b). 6 milestone (in quots. w. cardinal or ordinal numerals, virtually = ‘mile’). a ‥ monasterio hec distat heremus decem fere ~idibus [v. l. milibus] V. Neot. A 5; pervenit in villam ‥ quinto ~ide remotam W. Cant. Mir. Thom. II 82. 7 a stone-weight, piece of stone or metal weighing a stone (in sense b), used as measure or standard. b (unit of weight for dry goods) stone (equivalent to a variable number of pounds, cf. petra and R. E. Zupko Dict. of Eng. Weights and Measures Madison, 1968, s. v. stone). a a1153 de pondere petre: ‥ ~is [Scot.: þe stane] ad lanam et ad alias res ponderandas debet ponderare xv lib. (Assisa de Mensuris) APScot I 673; quilibet burgensis potest habere ‥ in domo sua ‥ ulnam, ~idem et pondus ad ponderandum [Scot.: a stane and punde wecht for til wey] Leg. IV Burg. 48.  b accidit ‥ virum quendam ‥ creditori suo x ~ides lane debere Gir. RG I 3 p. 25; 1359 in tribus ~idibus cere et dimidio, xxj s. ij d. Pri. Cold. app. xxxv. 8 a (precious or miraculous) stone, gem; b (w. adj. pretiosus or sim); c (kind of stone or gem specified; cf. 9 infra). a [Lucifer] novem lapidum forma faleratus amoena Aldh. VirgV 2737; a1085 omnem ~idum pretiositatem Anselm (Ep. 84) III 209; textum evangeliorum auro argentoque et ~idibus ornatum Ord. Vit. V 13 p. 405; in quocunque ~ide inveneris ‥ sagittarium insculptum, illi ~ides ignei sunt et orientales et se ferentes faciunt Deo ‥ gratos Sculp. Lap. 450; 1295 crux ‥ cum duobus camahutis in brachiis et duobus magnis ~idibus superius et inferius ‥ et aliis multis ~idibus et perlis in circuitu Vis. S. Paul. 312; 1338 ij parve capselle cum ‥ fragmentis ‥ ~idum que cadebant de ornamentis ecclesie Ac. Durh. 376.  b hi pretiosi lapides / carnales signant homines Frith. Cives 14. 1; copia ‥ auri et argenti, ~ides preciosi, purpura et sericum Ord. Vit. XI 26 p. 252; s1235 tolle ~idem preciosum quem gero circa collum M. Par. Min. II 385; carorum ‥ lapidum Walt. Wimb. Sim. 115 (v. granulum 3a); 1404 j baculus pastoralis cum capite eburneo et ~idibus preciosis Ac. Durh. 395.  c nisi ‥ crustam metalli obumbret honor ~idum, vel topaziorum flamma vel ametistorum viola ‥ W. Malm. GR IV 337 p. 384; 1290 (v. asininus); 1380 item ‥ persone de M. unum anulum cum uno ~ide vocato saphir, et est ~is veritatis Test. Karl. 144. 9 (in var. combinations that denote particular kinds of precious or non-precious stones, or stones of a particular provenance): a (w. adj., or sb. in apposition. V. et. (e. g.) achates 1, alabastrites, Armenicus c, beryllus a, calminaris, chalcedon, chelidonius 1, chrysolithus, citrinus 2b, 2 corallus b, crystallinus 1a, crystallum 2c, d, cyaneus b, esmeraldus, exhebenus, 2 focarius 2, gagates 1a,b, galactites, hephaestitis, Heracleius, Israeliticus, Judaicus 2c, magnes, 1 medus, molybdoides, onychinus, Parius, Phrygius, pyrites, sanguinarius, sapphirus, smaragdus, topazion, and 2f supra). b (w. dependent gen., or de. V. et. (e. g.) Israel b, lazulum b, lynx 2. a 1215 recepimus de jocalibus ‥ unum scrinium ‥ cum diversis lapidibus continens ‥ unum ~idem pregnantem et unum ~idem bedewin’ et j ~idem citrinum Pat 147b (cf. (v. Beduinus 2)); 1241 (v. 2e supra); 1313 unum plaustrum ~idum ardentium [= coals?] MS BL Add. 24467 f. 182; 1355 Val. Eccl. II 202b (v. 2a supra).  b addunt ‥ ~idem lazuli Gilb. I 84v. 2; c1275 unam placiam terre in qua ~ides ferri [ironstones] quondam fodebantur [sic] Middleton MSS 75; 1370 (v. 2 corallus a); 1397 j ~is de berillo Ac. Durh. 445; 1414 unum anulum aureum in quo includitur unus ~is albus de Jerosalem [= ~is de Israel] in quo figuratur facies hominis Reg. Cant. II 37; 1483 ultra lv doliis ~idum de Cane [Caen] ‥ et xxxiij doliis de touchstone KR Ac 496/26 m. 3. 10 a hailstone (sts. w. grando in context). b (w. ref. to thunderbolt). a percussio fulminum, impetus ~idum, lesio tempestatum Egb. Pont. 119 (cf. ib. 118: : fragor grandinum ‥, impetus tempestatum); c798 grandinum ~ides (v. ferire 1a); Walt. Wimb. Carm. 520 (v. grando 2a).  b que lapidis sit origo patet, qui robora †fingit [l. findit], / fortia vi multa dejicit, alta ferit Neckam DS IV 180 p. 424. 11 (med.) stone, morbid concretion in body of human or animal, (also) disease of the stone, lithiasis. calculum [sic] dicitur infirmitas ejus qui non potest mingere, quasi ~is †obdurat [altered from obturat] virilia Gl. Leid. 39. 48; habebat ‥ ~idem in vesica Mir. Fridesw. 110; generantur in renibus ~ides ex viscosis et spissis humoribus W. Cant. Mir. Thom. IV 16 (cf. ib.: : calculo vexabatur); [malva] scrofis et lapidi, morsibus apta salus Neckam DS VII 96 p. 474; sentiens molestiam ~idis per viij annos Mir. Montf. 71; est ‥ ~is materia indurata in ‥ meatibus membri officialis operacionem impediens Gad. 96r 2; vidi in ore patris mei sub lingua ~idem Ib.; Ib. 96v. 1 (v. harenula); viscago ‥ valet contra ~idem Alph. 91; si ~idem in ventre habuerit [falco], da ei butirum comedere Upton 191. 12 testicle (of man or animal). R. Cold. Cuthb. 103 (v. conquassare a); vocat hic ~ides tauri testiculos ejus Pol. Poems I 160. 13 stone of fruit. b (~ides cerasorum) (game of) cherry-stones. S. Sim. Itin. 46 (v. dactylus 3a).  b s1255 [pueri] ludebant ad ~ides cerasorum Meaux II 133. 14 (in names of plants). SB 27, etc. (v. Judaicus 2c–d). 15 (alch.): a philosophers’ stone (freq. ~is noster, ~is philosophorum). b (in broader use, denoting var. substances on which alchemical procedures are carried out). a in hoc ‥ ~ide quatuor continentur elementa, assimilaturque mundo Rob. Angl. (I) Alch. 515b; ista ‥ operacio, sc. convertere corpus in spiritum, a multis ~is sapientium philosophorum appellatur M. Scot Sol 717; ~is vero preparatus est medicina inde facta, quod est ipsum elixir, potens transmutare metalla viliora in nobiliora Bacon Tert. sup. 85; ~is ‥ Aristotelis, qui non est ~is Id. NM 547 (cf. Bacon V 114: ~idem animalem, vegetabilem et mineralem, qui non est ~is ‥ et dicitur minor mundus; LC 247a: ~is non ~is, ~is de virtute et efficacia, non ~is substantia; Avicenna vero et Kodar asserunt quod ~is non ~is sit elixir); ~is noster a philosophis dicitur omnis res que habet in se et de se omnem rem necessariam ad sui perfectionem Dastin Ros. 5 p. 313a; ~idem magnum quem omnes philosophi quesierunt Cutcl. CL 190; ~is noster nihil aliud est quam masculus et femina ‥, sulphur et mercurius Ripley 149; ~is occultus, id est benedictus, id est ovum LC 248b; ~is philosophorum ‥ vocatur elixir et medicina universalis Ib. 249a.  b dicunt ‥ philosophi quod sunt corpora spiritus et planete et ~ides et multa Bacon Tert. sup. 83; aurum ‥ aliquando deignatur per ~idem vel corpus Hiberi fluminis vel Pactoli vel Tagi vel alterius, quia in istis reperiuntur grana auri; et quia Hybernici dicuntur ab Hybero fluvio ‥ ideo aurum vocatur corpus Hybernicum vel ~is Hybernicus Ib. 84 (cf. id. NM 548: : pro Hibero ~ide;; ib. 550: :cum vapore margarite vel ~idis Tagi); dicuntur ‥ ~ides illa super que operatio fit in principio; sed sunt ~ides non preparati, ut sunt spiritus, si super eos fiat operatio, vel partes animalium, sicut sunt sanguis, capilli et ova; ~is vero preparatus (etc., v. a supra) Id. Tert. sup. 85; Ib. (v. herbalis 2); sint sex ad ~idem Tagi et quinque ad ~idem unionis Id. NM 550 (cf. id. Tert. sup. 84: argentum vocatur margarita ‥ et unio dicitur); sunt usi sapientes ‥ ~ide quadrato nobilis animalis [i. e. human blood? ] Bacon IX 58; totum beneficium ~idis vegetabilis adipiscimur per virtutem ignis nature Ripley 163; ut ‥ revelemus ‥ secretum ~idis animalis ‥, nempe intellegere quid sit et quando debeat elixirari Ib. 173; ~is in chymia est omnis res fixa, quae non evaporat LC 247a. 16 (fig., prov., and in allegorical interpretation. N. B. most quots. depend on senses 1a, 2a–b, 8a–b supra): a (var.); b (w. ref. to Christ); c (~ides vivi, w. ref. to persons; cf. I Petr. ii 5); d (in proverbial expr.). e (~is offensionis) stone of stumbling, stumbling-block (cf. I Petr. ii 8, etc.). a ~ides saeculi justos et fide fortes appellat Bede Prov. (xvi 11) 987; cur ~ide justitie perstringis ossa ejus? [sc. animae meae; cf. Luc. xi 11] Anselm (Or. 9) III 33; huic sanctorum choro, ut regis eterni diademati ‥, adicit inestimabilis glorie ~ides ‥, Adrianum dico ‥ et Mildritham W. Malm. GP I 2; noster Henricus ‥ quasi ~is angularis utrumque populum copulavit Ailr. Ed. Conf. 774B; a1160 ad ~idem adjutorii [cf. I Reg. vii 12], successorem Petri, confugere cogitur J. Sal. Ep. 38 (48); quod ‥ ponatur super eum [hominem] ~is obstinationis T. Chobham Praed. 98; c1240 ~ides ‥ fundamentales edificii ‥ libri sunt prophetarum Gros. Ep. 123; delucet ~is corone tue politissimus [i. e. your brother has been killed] Ps.-Elmh. Hen. V 115; ne alius forte ad hunc ~idem imprudenter impingat Ferr. Kinloss 52.  b a705 Winberhto Aldhelmus ‥ in angulari duorum testamentorum ~ide [cf. Is. xxviii 16,Eph. ii 20 etc.] ‥ salutem Aldh. Ep. 10 (13) p. 502; [Judaei] pervenerunt ad ~idem angularem qui duos parietes amplecteretur, id est, invenerunt ‥ Christum ‥ venturum Bede Acts (iv 11) 952; sine Domino Jesu Christo, ~ide sc. vivo [cf. I Petr. ii 4], nulla spiritalis aedificatio stare potest Id. Cath. 48; lapidem findit alapa preciosum J. Howd. Cant. 63; cum hoc precioso ~ide [cf. I Petr. ii 6] hunc preciosum tractatum finire Ripley 178.  c clades ‥ quae ‥ vivos ecclesiae ~ides ‥ ad aedificium caeleste transferret Bede HE IV 3 p. 207; lapides vivi pereunt altaria circum Alcuin Carm. 9. 201; vivi ~ides ‥ variis infortuniorum tunsionibus ‥ poliuntur P. Blois Ep. 12. 36D.  d nullum non movent ~idem quo patent se nos a proposito nostro posse deflectere [cf. Eng.: to leave no stone unturned, and sim.] Chauncy Passio 110.  e absit ne sim fratribus meis occasio mortis, ne sim illis petra scandali et ~is offensionis Anselm (Or. 19) III 74; in montis hujus ‥ ascensu, cum iter sit arduum, plurimus est ~is offensionis in ipso J. Ford Serm. 14. 1.

lăpis, (8) ĭdis, m. , ¶ 1 pierre : lapides jacere Cic. Mil. 41, jeter des pierres ; lapide percussus Cic. de Or. 2, 197, frappé dʼune pierre ; lapis durus Plin. 36, 171, pierre dure ¶ 2 [emblème de la stupidité] : Pl. Mil. 236 ; Merc. 3, 632, etc. ; Ter. Haut. 831 || [de lʼinsensibilité] : Cic. de Or. 1, 245 ; Tib. 1, 10, 59 || [prov.] : lapidem ferre altera manu, altera panem ostentare Pl. Aul. 193, tenir dʼune main une pierre, de lʼautre montrer du pain ; lapidem verberare Pl. Curc. 197, perdre sa peine || lapide candidiore diem notare Catul. 68, 148, marquer la journée dʼune pierre blanche, v. lapillus ¶ 3 borne, pierre milliaire : ad quartum lapidem a Roma Varro R. 3, 2, 14, à quatre milles de Rome ; intra vicesimum lapidem Liv. 5, 4, 12, à moins de vingt milles ; [s.-ent. lapidem ] ad quartum, ad octavum Tac. H. 2, 39 ; 3, 15, à quatre, à huit milles ¶ 4 tribune de pierre [où se tenait le crieur public dans la vente des esclaves] : Pl. Bacch. 815 ; de lapide emptus Cic. Pis. 35, acheté à la tribune des ventes [= vendu, soudoyé] ¶ 5 borne des propriétés : Tib. 1, 1, 12 ; 1, 3, 44 ¶ 6 pierre tumulaire : Tib. 1, 3, 54 ; Prop. 1, 17, 20 ; 3, 1, 37 ¶ 7 pierre précieuse : Catul. 69, 3 ; Hor. O. 3, 24, 48, etc. ¶ 8 marbre : Parius Virg. En. 1, 592, marbre de Paros || albus Hor. S. 1, 6, 116, table de marbre blanc ¶ 9 lapides varii Hor. S. 2, 4, 83, la mosaïque du pavé ¶ 10 Juppiter lapis, Jupiter de pierre, pierre que lʼon tenait à la main comme un symbole de Jupiter au nom duquel se faisaient les serments, v. P. Fest. 115 ; Jovem lapidem jurare Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 2, jurer par le Jupiter de pierre, cf. Gell. 1, 21, 4.

➳ arch. : abl. lapi Enn. Ann. 398 ; gén. lapiderum Cn. Gellius d. Char. 54, 26 || f. , Enn. Ann. 553 ; Varro R. 3, 5, 14.

lapis , idis. m.
石。沙痳。寶石。賣奴之街。界石。墓碑。四里。— bibulus 浮石。— vivus 火石。 Ni fuissem lapis 若吾痴。Lapidem verberare 徒勞。Omnem movere lapidem 使各法。Lapides loqui 硬口言。Ad tertium ab urbe lapidem 離京十二里地。Homo de lapide emptus 至卑人。\Lapi pro* Lapide.

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lapis, lapĭdis, m.: pietra, sasso; ● lapide ictus, colpito da una sassata; glande aut lapidibus pugnāre Sall combattere con proiettili o sassi; ab exercitu suo lapidibus coopertus est Liv fu lapidato dal suo esercito; lapidibus pluit Liv piovono pietre; ardentes lapides Liv meteoriti; lapis specularis Petr mica; vivus lapis Graz pietra focaia

● pietra preziosa, perla, gemma

● marmo

● chicco di grandine

⯀ lapides loquĕris Pl le tue sono sassate, non parole; verberāre lapidem Pl prendere a pugni una roccia; ut ad eundem lapidem bis offenderes Aus affinché tu inciampassi per la seconda volta nella stessa pietra; super lapidem unum Vulg contemporaneamente; Jovem lapidem iurāre Cic giurare per Giove. nella cerimonia della pietra (antica forma di giuramento)

♢ anche f.

♢ abl, lapidi Lucr, lapi Enn, gen. pl. lapiderum [GellS].

lapis idis, m

• a stone: undique lapides in murum iaci coepti sunt, Cs.: eminus lapidibus pugnare, S.: lapides omnīs flere ac lamentari coëgisses: Ossa lapis fiunt, O.: bibulus, pumicestone, V.: Parius, Parian marble, V.: lapides varios radere, mosaic, H.: lapide diem candidiore notare, to mark as a lucky day, Ct.—As a term of reproach: i, quid stas, lapis? Quin accipis? T. —A monument to mark distance, mile-stone (at intervals of 1000 paces): sextus ab urbe lapis, O.: intra vicensimum lapidem, L.—The auctioneer's stone at a slave sale, platform: praeter duos de lapide emptos tribunos.—A landmark, boundary-stone: sacer, L.—A grave-stone, tomb-stone: his scriptus notis, Tb.: ultimus, Pr.—A precious stone, gem, jewel, pearl: gemmas et lapides, H.: clari lapides, H.—A statue: Iovem lapidem iurare, the statue of Jupiter: albus, a marble table, H.