organum

orgănum, i, n., = ὄργανον,

• an implement, instrument, engine of any kind (mostly post-Aug.), Col. 3, 13, 12.—Of military or architectonic engines (whereas machina denotes one of a larger size and more complicated construction), Vitr. 10, 1.—Of musical instruments, a pipe, Quint. 11, 3, 20; 9, 4, 10; Juv. 6, 3, 80; Vulg. Gen. 4, 21; id. 2 Par. 34, 12 et saep.—Of hydraulic engines, an organ, water-organ: organa hydraulica, Suet. Ner. 41: aquatica, Mythogr. Lat. 3, 12.—Of a church-organ, Cass. Expos. in Psa. 150; Aug. Enarr. in Psa. 150, n. 7.—
• • B Transf.: organum oris, the tongue of a man, Prud. στεφ. 10, 2.—
• II Trop., an implement, instrument, Quint. 1, 2, 30.

organum, ī, n. (ὄργανον), I) jedes Werkzeug, im Landbau, Colum.: im Kriegs- u. Bauwesen, Vitr.: in der Astronomie, Plin.: in der Medizin v. Katheter der Ärzte, Plin. 26, 17: übtr., org. oris, v. der Zunge, Prud. perist. 10, 2: is (animus) quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc maioribus velut organis commovetur, Quint. 1, 2, 30. – II) insbes., ein musikalisches Instrument, a) ein Pfeifenwerk, Orgelwerk, Blaswerk, Sing., Quint. 11, 3, 169. Lampr. Alex. Sev. 27, 9. Cassiod. de music. 5: gew. Plur., Quint. u.a.: lingulae organorum (der Wasserorgel), Vitr.: folles organorum, Augustin.: scaenica organa, Suet. Ner. 44, 1: organa hydraulica, Suet. Ner. 41, 2, dass. organa aquatica, Mythogr. Lat. 3, 12. – v. der Orgel in der Kirche, Augustin. enarr. in psalm. 150, 7 u.a. Eccl. – b) = psalterium und meton. = psalmorum liber, Isid. orig. 6, 2, 15.

1 organum [CL < ὄργανον] 1 (bodily) organ; b (w. gen.). quamdiu anima est in corpore, ipsis instrumentis corporeis vel ~is utitur Ailr. An. III 29; vite ‥ et vegetabilitatis, sensus et motus ‥ diversa sunt principia, diversis ~is a summo ‥ artifice adscripta Alf. Angl. Cor 2. 5; cum nullius virtutis ministerium conpleatur nisi per ~a convenienter adaptata, tunc exigitur adaptatio et preparatio ~orum multiformium ad texturam humani corporis ordinandam Ps.-Ric. Anat. 1; lesio ~orum et virtutum anime Bacon Tert. 64; per illud organum fere contraria / minuti culicis facit industria Walt. Wimb. Carm. 399; potencia non-organica est illa que non indiget ~o corporali in sua accione Ockham Quodl. 369.  b in ‘gutture’ ~um vocis ‥ insinuat Bede Prov. 949; sic ‥ per animam Deus, qui numeris elementa ligat, ~um cordis suis nervis attemperat, ne alicui eorum dissonantia subrepat, quae sensuum armoniam inpediat Abbo Calc. 3. 5; venis omnibus et arteriis cum via spiritus et halitus ~o pariter precisis Gir. IK I 4 p. 52; corpus humanum ‥ proprium anime rationalis ~um [Trevisa: instrument] ipsius operacionibus tam naturalibus quam voluntariis deputatum Bart. Angl. IV 1; nareis ‥ olfactus nimirum ~a D. Edw. Anat. C2. 2 power of speech. b (~o vocis suae or sim.) by the utterance of his own words. claudus gressum composuit, ibi mutus ~um resumpsit W. Malm. GR II 162; 1449 per ora et ~a eorum ‥ promulgari et declarari Reg. Dunferm. 425.  b 1296 palam, publice ‥ et expresse cognovit ~o vocis sue Doc. Scot. II 60; 1322 lator presencium sue vocis ~o vos ‥ informabit FormOx 78; 1324 et ‥ latori presencium insinuavimus, vobis ‥ relevanda [sic] ~o vocis vive Lit. Cant. I 125. 3 (of person or sim.) instrument, agent. b (~um vocis) mouthpiece. c (~um Spiritus Sancti or sim.) mouthpiece of the Holy Spirit. d (per ~um w. gen of name) through the instrumentality or agency (of person). ut vas Dei quondam in ministerio praeparatum vertatur in zabuli ~um Gildas EB 34; sermo vester, imo Dei potius cujus supra fuistis ~um H. Bos. Thom. IV 13; fuit ‥ serpens materialis ~um antiqui serpentis Neckam NR II 105; c1297 acta ‥ per magistrum H. de M. tanquam ~um ‥ domini archiepiscopi tunc presentis Reg. Cant. I 64; 1419 prelati et clerus per ‥ W. L. utriusque juris doctorem, ~um procuratorium cleri ut dicebatur gerentem, concesserunt domino nostro regi medietatem unius integre decime Ib. III 58.  b 1293 dans et committens specialiter vices suas in hac parte dicto precentori ac ipsum super premissis ‥ constituens ~um sue vocis DCCant. Register/Q f. 14b; 1415 decani, archidiaconi, et procuratores capitulorum et cleri ‥ per ‥ H. W. officialem curie Cantuariensis vocis sue ~um et prelocutorem electum concesserunt domino nostro regi duas decimas Reg. Cant. III 5; 1429 per ‥ magistrum Johannem W., ~um vocis dicti Ricardi Heresy Tri. Norw. 88; subdiaconus tanquam ~um vocis capituli Stat. Linc. III 485.  c vates ‥ qui os ‥ Dei ~umque Spiritus Sancti ‥ extitere Gildas EB 37; cum enim ad locum sanctae exhortationis suae ventum est, o qualia, o quanta per ~um suum Spiritus Sanctus effudit! Adel. Blandin. Dunst. 11; ex sacra lectione solius Spiritus Sancti ~um ‥ personabat H. Bos. Thom. III 16 p. 232; de impolluto innocentium ore, apto viz. Spiritus Sanctus ~o J. Ford Serm. 56. 1; insignia ‥ ab illo Spiritus Sancti ~o sancto [viz. Gregorio] ‥ effluxerunt Elmh. Cant. 83; 1444 membrum ‥ de ~o Spiritus Sancti, corpore, viz. sanctissimi Wilfridi Lit. Cant. III 187.  d 1441 per ~um fidelis vestri dilecti Johannis Beke Bekynton II 101; 1448 visis et auditis dictis literis, barones et alii de assisa per ~um Alexandri de Strathachyne de Thorntoune deliberaverunt et proposuerunt Reg. Brechin 112. 4 mechanical device, instrument. 1290 pro j cista pro speceria et candelis et pro ~is, baneriis de armis regis et pencellis cum cindone, serico, et card’ emptis Doc. Scot. I 140. 5 musical instrument that can be tuned; b (fig.). c (~a suspendere, w. ref. to Ps. cxxxvi 2) to hang up one’s instrument, to stop playing, turn to grief. d (~a suspendere or sim.) to suspend celebration of rites of the Church. est autem sistrum genus tube vel ~i, quo utuntur tantum Egyptii, quod in simulacro Isidis pingitur Alb. Lond. DG 7. 4; hic cantabunt ~a Ludus Coventriae f. 219.  b obedienti ‥ gemina infunditur leticia: altera de obedientia ‥ ad spiritum ‥ dicitur cythara; altera de pace ‥ ad Deum ‥ dicitur psalterium. in his spiritualibus ~is homo per penitentiam justificatus a Deo Bald. Cant. Serm. 2. 67. 441.  c sicut filii transmigrationis in medio Babylonis, suspendimus ~a nostra Bald. Cant. Serm. 2. 24. 433; suspendantur ~a musica, cedant oscula plorationi J. Ford Serm. 41. 1; c1410 nisi quod primum succurrat benignitas ‥ in tristicie salicibus nostre consolacionis ~a suspendemus FormOx 213.  d archiepiscopo etiam ad tempus ~um retraxit [sc. papa] et potestatem ligandi regem W. Fitzst. Thom. 84; s1147 interdicta ‥ propter hanc pervicaciam civitate, suspensis ecclesie ~is ‥ regis filius sacra officia celebrari precepit W. Newb. HA I 17. 6 (sg. or pl.) organ. b (~um hydraulicum) water organ. c organ-pipe. maxima millenis auscultans organa flabris Aldh. VirgV 71 (v. follis 3c); organa cum tibiis resonant dulcisona pulchris Ælnoth Cnut 44; Constantinus imperator misit Pepino ~um cum aliis donis plurimis R. Niger Chr. II 147; Bart. Angl. XIX 132, etc. (v. fistula 2e); s1264 fecit magnum campanile, ~a grandiora Graystanes 9; a1439 cuidam clerico pro flatu ~orum, xvij d. Ac. Durh. 73; s1512 hoc anno magna ~a et mediocra ~a fuerunt quasi de nova reparata ac bene intonata et sonorata Reg. Butley 29.  b ~a hydraulica ubi ‥ per aque calefacte violentiam ventus emergens implet concavitatem barbiti et per multiforatiles tractus aeree fistule modulatos clamores emittunt W. Malm. GR II 168.  c 10‥ ~a, þeotan WW; c1520 vestes ineptas ad modum ~orum in dorsis fabricatas Conc. Scot. I cclxxvii. 7 (by assoc. w. psaltery as musical instrument) book of psalms, psalter. b (spec. psalm). psalmorum liber ‥ Latine ~um dicitur P. Blois Opusc. 1053D.  b imponit extremum psalterii ~um, ‘Laudate Dominum’, ubi ‥ ultimum verbum hujus ultimi hymni canebant Gosc. V. Iv. 87B. 8 song, hymn. 934 angelica ymnidicae jubilationis ~a CS 702; dulcia corde pio resonantes organa Christo Trop. Wint. 40; sicut David psalterium sumens, citharam percutiens, modificans ~a Osb. V. Dunst. 8; hic [in oratorio Mariae] audiebatur concentus angelorum hic ~a virginum, hic assiduabatur virtus miraculorum Gosc. Transl. Aug. 33A; organa nunc oris fidibus sociabo sonoris R. Cant. Malch. V 407. 9 music, esp. vocal as dist. from instrumental and mensurable as dist. from plainchant. b (~um simplex) monophonic setting of verse text. c mensurable music of two or more parts, usu. a florid melody over a held note. d (~um duplum, triplum, purum, cum alio, or sim.) mensurable part or parts, as dist. from the tenor. usula piscis est Danubii qui per tela hostium musice petit mela nec vulneratus absistit, sed vite prodigus et avarus ~i sectatur anime sue mellitas illicebras usque ad mortem Map NC V 1 f. 59v.  b quandoque simplex ~um dicitur, ut in simplicibus conductis Mens. & Disc. (Anon. IV) 70.  c chorus ‥ virorum et puerorum gratissimam consonantiam diapason reddentium, dum modo junctis modulis concinerent modo distinctis ~is parvuli viris responderent Gosc. Transl. Aug. 35A; inter crispatos modulos ~aque multipliciter intricata Gir. TH III 11; ~um ‥ et decentum ‥ prohibemus Inst. Sempr. *xlii (v. discantus); habito de ipsa plana musica, que immensurabilis dicitur, nunc est presens intentio de ipsa mensurabili, que ~um ad nos appellatur, prout ~um generaliter dicitur ad omnem mensurabilem musicam Garl. Mus. Mens. 1. 1; ~um per se dicitur id esse, quidquid profertur secundum aliquem modum non rectum, sed non rectum Ib. 13. 4; 1322 cuilibet cantantium ~um iij d. Stat. Linc. I 337; talibus vero longis utitur vetus ~um purum, sed non formantur sic Haudlo 116; partim mensurabilis dicitur ~um pro tanto quod non in omni parte sua tempore mensuratur Hauboys 182.  d quandoque dicitur ~um purum ut in ‘Judea et Jerusalem’ in duplo ‥ quandoque dicitur alio modo ut in ~o triplo, quamvis improprie, ut in ‘Posui adjutorium’ in triplo Mens. & Disc. (Anon. IV) 70; ~um autem cum alio dicitur quidquid profertur per aliquam rectam mensuram Garl. Mus. Mens. 13. 8; organum dupliciter dicitur sc. proprie et communiter. est ‥ ~um proprie sumptum ~um duplum quod purum ~um appellatur. communiter ‥ organum appellatur quilibet cantus ecclesiasticus tempore mensuratus Hauboys 182. 10 (log. & phil.) instrument for reasoning, part of argument. quis ‥ sciret que demonstratio esset in primo ~o seu primo metro ‥ nisi per beneficium Posteriorum Analecticorum? Neckam NR II 173 p. 293.

2 organum v. origanum

orgănum, (13) ī, n. (ὄργανον), ¶ 1 instrument [en gén.] : Col. Rust. 3, 13, 12 ; Vitr. Arch. 10, 1 || [fig.] pl., ressorts, moyens : Quint. 1, 2, 30 ¶ 2 instrument de musique : Quint. 11, 3, 20 || orgue hydraulique : Suet. Nero 41 || orgue [instrument à vent] : Cassiod. Mus. 5 || registre [en t. de musique] : Quint. 11, 3, 169.

organum , i. n.
風琴。工器。丈量田之器。Organa vocis 出聲之筋。

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organum ī, n

• , ὄργανον, a musical instrument, Iu.

Orgănum

(ὄργανον). A generic term for any machine or implement for saving labour, but differing from machina in that it always implies skill as well as strength in its use. It frequently denotes a musical instrument (Quint. ix. 4, 10), on which see the article hydraulus.