virtue
virtue
subs.
Of persons or things: P. and V. ἀ̆ρετή, ἡ.
Goodness: P. and V. χρηστότης, ἡ, τὸ χρηστόν (Eur. Supp. 866).
Chastity: P. ἁγνεία, ἡ, V. ἅγνευμα, τό.
Of drugs: V. δύνᾰσις, ἡ, ἰσχύ̄ς, ἡ.
subs.
Of persons or things: P. and V. ἀ̆ρετή, ἡ.
Goodness: P. and V. χρηστότης, ἡ, τὸ χρηστόν (Eur. Supp. 866).
Chastity: P. ἁγνεία, ἡ, V. ἅγνευμα, τό.
Of drugs: V. δύνᾰσις, ἡ, ἰσχύ̄ς, ἡ.
VIRTUE
Power efficacy vis (Cic.): potestas (Plin.): efficacitas (Cic.): efficientia (C once): efficacia (Plin.): The natural virtues of plants potestates herbarum (Plin. 25 2 5): the virtues of medicines facultates medicamentorum (Celsus 5 1): to possess a certain virtue vim habere; valere; efficere aliquid; potestatem habere; pertinere ad aliquid: in or by virtue of e or ex (conformably to; e.g. ex pacto ex conventu); per (by authority of; e.g. per senatus decretum etc.). It may also be expressed by the simple ablative; e.g. by virtue of this command quo imperio (as Nep. Milt. 7 1).
Good quality of anything virtus (e.g. arboris equi Cic.; ferri herbarum etc.). Wine has this virtue vinum eo nomine commendatur hanc laudem habet: fidelity is the virtue of a dog summa virtus or laus canis in fide cernitur posita est.
Moral goodness virtus (as showing itself in meritorious and becoming actions): innocentia (as showing itself in blameless especially disinterested conduct): honestas (as showing itself in virtuous and noble sentiments): ☞ Neither of these words corresponds exactly to our word “virtue” in this sense: virtus denotes strictly speaking only excellence (virtus est nihil aliud quam ad summum perducta natura Cic. Leg. 1 8 25; compare Tusc. 4 15 34; 5 13 39; Beier ad Cic. Off. 2 6 29) and honestas in the Roman sense has too exclusive a reference to character reputation and human opinion: Grotefend remarks that honestas is nearer to our idea than virtus; but perhaps virtus must be usually adopted the sense in which a modern writer uses the term being fully understood. Or we may say honestum rectum virtus vera; or by circumlocution id quod proprie dicitur vereque est honestum (Cic. Off. 3 4 17): The path of virtue virtutis via (Sall.): lovely heavenly virtue virtus amabilis admirabilis divina (Cic.): sing. extraordinary virtue virtus eximia praeclara singularis excellens (Cic.): tried virtue virtus spectata probata: oppressed virtue virtus afflicta prostrata: active virtue virtus actuosa; virtus quae in agendo versatur: a pattern of virtue exemplar virtutis (Sen.); lumen probitatis et virtutis (Cic. Amic. 8 27): to be possessed of virtue virtutem habere; virtute praeditum ornatum esse: in quo virtus inest: to depart or deviate from virtue a virtute discedere; honestatem deserere: virtue commends itself by action omnis laus virtutis in actione consistit (Cic. Off. 1 6 19).
A single feature of moral goodness virtus. The virtue of temperance of justice virtus continentiae justitiae (Cic.); all virtues are equal omnes virtutes sunt inter se aequales et pares (Cic. De Or. 3 14 55): to make a virtue of necessity laudem virtutis necessitati dare (Quint.); necessitati cedere concedere parere aliquid dare tribuere (after Cic.).
Chastity pudicitia: pudor.
Power efficacy vis (Cic.): potestas (Plin.): efficacitas (Cic.): efficientia (C once): efficacia (Plin.): The natural virtues of plants potestates herbarum (Plin. 25 2 5): the virtues of medicines facultates medicamentorum (Celsus 5 1): to possess a certain virtue vim habere; valere; efficere aliquid; potestatem habere; pertinere ad aliquid: in or by virtue of e or ex (conformably to; e.g. ex pacto ex conventu); per (by authority of; e.g. per senatus decretum etc.). It may also be expressed by the simple ablative; e.g. by virtue of this command quo imperio (as Nep. Milt. 7 1).
Good quality of anything virtus (e.g. arboris equi Cic.; ferri herbarum etc.). Wine has this virtue vinum eo nomine commendatur hanc laudem habet: fidelity is the virtue of a dog summa virtus or laus canis in fide cernitur posita est.
Moral goodness virtus (as showing itself in meritorious and becoming actions): innocentia (as showing itself in blameless especially disinterested conduct): honestas (as showing itself in virtuous and noble sentiments): ☞ Neither of these words corresponds exactly to our word “virtue” in this sense: virtus denotes strictly speaking only excellence (virtus est nihil aliud quam ad summum perducta natura Cic. Leg. 1 8 25; compare Tusc. 4 15 34; 5 13 39; Beier ad Cic. Off. 2 6 29) and honestas in the Roman sense has too exclusive a reference to character reputation and human opinion: Grotefend remarks that honestas is nearer to our idea than virtus; but perhaps virtus must be usually adopted the sense in which a modern writer uses the term being fully understood. Or we may say honestum rectum virtus vera; or by circumlocution id quod proprie dicitur vereque est honestum (Cic. Off. 3 4 17): The path of virtue virtutis via (Sall.): lovely heavenly virtue virtus amabilis admirabilis divina (Cic.): sing. extraordinary virtue virtus eximia praeclara singularis excellens (Cic.): tried virtue virtus spectata probata: oppressed virtue virtus afflicta prostrata: active virtue virtus actuosa; virtus quae in agendo versatur: a pattern of virtue exemplar virtutis (Sen.); lumen probitatis et virtutis (Cic. Amic. 8 27): to be possessed of virtue virtutem habere; virtute praeditum ornatum esse: in quo virtus inest: to depart or deviate from virtue a virtute discedere; honestatem deserere: virtue commends itself by action omnis laus virtutis in actione consistit (Cic. Off. 1 6 19).
A single feature of moral goodness virtus. The virtue of temperance of justice virtus continentiae justitiae (Cic.); all virtues are equal omnes virtutes sunt inter se aequales et pares (Cic. De Or. 3 14 55): to make a virtue of necessity laudem virtutis necessitati dare (Quint.); necessitati cedere concedere parere aliquid dare tribuere (after Cic.).
Chastity pudicitia: pudor.
virtue:
I. As a gen. term, moral perfection (as a disposition, principle, or practice):
1. virtus, ūtis, f.: v. is a consistent and harmonious frame of mind, making those praiseworthy in whom it exists, v. est affectio animi constans conveniensque laudabiles efficiens eos in quibus est, Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34: v. itself may be defined most concisely as right reason, ipsa v. brevissime recta ratio dici potest, ib.: cf. id. Leg. 1, 16, 45: good men hate to sin, from love of v., boni oderunt peccare virtutis amore, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52: a religious regard for v., superstitio (virtutis), Sen. Ep. 95, 35: all who possess v. are happy, omnes virtutis compotes beati sunt, Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 39: v. is very active, v. actuosa est, id. N. D. 1, 40, 110: the special quality (or force) of v., vis virtutis, id. Fam. 9, 16, 5: the perfection of v., (Join), perfecta cumulataque v., id. Sest. 40, 86: (endowed) with these qualities of v. and vice, cum hac indole virtutum atque vitiorum, Liv. 21, 4. extr. (cf. bonae animi indoles, Gell. 19, 12, ad med.): a pattern of v., documentum virtutis, Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 27: v. overthrown (Join), afflicta et prostrata v., id. de Or. 2, 52, 211: a man of extraordinary v., vir singulari v. praeditus, id. Dom. 39, 15 (cf. v. eximia, egregia, excellens, etc.: v. Nizol. Lex in Cic. s. v. virtus): to have v., virtutem habere, Cic. pass. (cf. virtute praeditum esse, based on id., v. supr.): to practise v., v. colere, id. Arch. 7, 16: to strive after v., virtuti studere, id. Fin. 4, 24, 65: teachers of v., virtutis magistri, id. Mur. 31, 65 (but aretalogos, = ἀρεταλόγος, is a babbler about v., a boaster, gen. of a Cynic or Stoic: Suet.: Juv.): to abandon the path of v., viam virtutis deserere, Hor. Od. 3, 24, 44: perh. too, for prose, via virtutis may serve, based on Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 (justitiae vias).
2. hŏnestas, ātis, f., (honourableness of character): one pair is left to fight it out, pleasure and v. (metaph. from gladiators), unum par quod depugnet reliquum est, voluptas cum h., Cic. Acad. 2, 46, 140: to covet v. for its own sake, h. propter se expetere, id. Off. 1, 2, 6: v. alsoHONOUR (subs., V.).
3. hŏnestum, rectum (neut. adjj. used as subss.: in sense like preced.): v., that which is cultivated by those who would be esteemed good men, h., quod colitur ab iis, qui bonos se viros haberi volunt, Cic. Off. 3, 4, 17: cf. honestum aut ipsa virtus est aut res gesta virtute, id. Fin. 5, 23, 66 (cf. rectum est quod cum virtute et officio fit, Auct. Her. 3, 2, 3). Join: r. honestumque, Cic. Acad. 1, 6, 23.
4. prŏbĭtas, ātis, f.: tried v., p. spectata, Tac. A. 13, 12. Join: a light of v. (of a man), lumen p. et virtutis, Cic. Am. 8, 27: v.INTEGRITY .
5. innŏcentia, integrĭtas: v.INTEGRITY , UPRIGHTNESS .
6. sanctĭmōnia, sanctĭtas: v.PURITY (5). Phr.: to allure one to v., aliquem ad recte faciendum allicere, Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 115 in the whole of life not to swerve from v., (lit. an upright conscience) a hair's breadth (lit. finger's breadth), in omni vita a recta conscientia transversum unguem non discedere, id. Att. 13, 20, 4: to turn oneself to v. (i. e. to reform oneself), ad bonam frugem se recipere, id. Coel. 12, 28 (v. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v. frux, II., 3): the language of v., proba oratio (i. e. sermo probitatis et honestatis plenus, Forcell.), but al. probi oratio (Nobbe), Cic. Or. 22, 74.
II. A particular moral excellence: virtus, ūtis, f.: all v.s are equal, omnes v. sunt inter se aequales et pares, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55 to have all the v.s, omnes habere v., id. Off. 2, 10, 35. the cardinal v.s, virtutes eae quae quasi fontes universae honestatis sunt (v.CARDINAL , adj.): adorned with these v.s, self-control, temperance, justice, virtutibus his ornatus, modestia, temperantia, justitia, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46: cf. virtutes continentiae, justitiae, fidei, id. Mur. 10, 23 a portrait of the v.s, virtutum effigies, id. Arch. 12, 30: he shone out in v.s, virtutibus eluxit Nep. Pausan. 1, init. Prov.: to make a v. of necessity, facere de necessitate virtutem, Hier. in Ruf. 3, n. 2: cf. quae casus obtulerat in sapientiam vertere, Tac. A. 1, 28, med.: *laudem virtutis necessitati dare (R. and A.).
III. Chastity, q. v.: pŭdīcĭtia. [For to rob a woman of her v., v.TO DISHONOUR , RAVISH .]
IV. Of animals and things, excellence, worth:
1. virtus, ūtis, f.: the v. (or excellence of a tree, a horse, v. arboris, equi, Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 45: the v. (or strength) of wine, v. Bacchi, Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 20.
2. bŏnĭtas: v.GOODNESS .
3. laus, laudis, f.: fidelity is the v. of a dog, *summa laus canis in fide cernitur (R. and A.).
V. Power, efficacy, esp. in medicine:
1. vis, virtus: v.EFFICACY . Join: (herbarum) vis et effectus, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 47.
2. pŏtestas (in plur.): Join: (herbarum) potestates visque, Plin. 25, 2, 5, § 9: cf. p. herbarum, Virg. Aen. 12, 396.
3. făcultas (in plur.: rare in this sense): since all medicines have their special v.s, cum omnia medicamenta proprias facultates habeant, Cels. 5, praef., ad fin.
4. pŏtentia: p. herbarum, Ov. M. 1, 522: Plin.: v. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v.
5. expr. by adjj.: sălūtāris, effĭcax: e. g., the decoction has v. for tooth-ache, ad dentium dolorem decoctum eorum salutare est, Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 71: v.GOOD (adj., II.).
6. expr. by verbb.: făcere, prōdesse: e. g., to have v. for dysury, facere ad difficultatem urinae, id. 22, 18, 21, § 46. Cf. also posse, Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16: pollere, Plin. 24, 19, 110, § 171 (v. also Forcell. s. v.): valere, Plin.: Cels. (v. Forcell. s. v.). Fig.: expr. by posse, vălēre: e. g., philosophy has not the same v. with all minds, (philosophia) non idem potest apud omnes, Cic. (v. alsoINFLUENCE , subs., I.). Special Phr.: by (or in) v. of: expr. by (1.) an abl. simply: to prevail by v. of authority, auctoritate praevalere, Suet. Galb. 19: by v. of which command, quo imperio, Nep. Milt. 7, init.: cf. foederibus vetustis juncta Punica res Romanae, Liv. 9, 19, post med. (2.) ex or e (with abl.: in accordance with): by v. of the law, ex lege, Cic.: cf. ex foedere, Liv. (3.) per: by v. of the stipulations, per conditiones, Sall. J. 61, extr. (4.) pro: by v. of your practical wisdom, pro tua prudentia, Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2: cf. pro jure amicitiae nostrae a te peto, id. Att. 10, 8 (b.): v. also ACCOUNT (subs., III.).
I. As a gen. term, moral perfection (as a disposition, principle, or practice):
1. virtus, ūtis, f.: v. is a consistent and harmonious frame of mind, making those praiseworthy in whom it exists, v. est affectio animi constans conveniensque laudabiles efficiens eos in quibus est, Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34: v. itself may be defined most concisely as right reason, ipsa v. brevissime recta ratio dici potest, ib.: cf. id. Leg. 1, 16, 45: good men hate to sin, from love of v., boni oderunt peccare virtutis amore, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52: a religious regard for v., superstitio (virtutis), Sen. Ep. 95, 35: all who possess v. are happy, omnes virtutis compotes beati sunt, Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 39: v. is very active, v. actuosa est, id. N. D. 1, 40, 110: the special quality (
2. hŏnestas, ātis, f., (honourableness of character): one pair is left to fight it out, pleasure and v. (metaph. from gladiators), unum par quod depugnet reliquum est, voluptas cum h., Cic. Acad. 2, 46, 140: to covet v. for its own sake, h. propter se expetere, id. Off. 1, 2, 6: v. also
3. hŏnestum, rectum (neut. adjj. used as subss.: in sense like preced.): v., that which is cultivated by those who would be esteemed good men, h., quod colitur ab iis, qui bonos se viros haberi volunt, Cic. Off. 3, 4, 17: cf. honestum aut ipsa virtus est aut res gesta virtute, id. Fin. 5, 23, 66 (cf. rectum est quod cum virtute et officio fit, Auct. Her. 3, 2, 3). Join: r. honestumque, Cic. Acad. 1, 6, 23.
4. prŏbĭtas, ātis, f.: tried v., p. spectata, Tac. A. 13, 12. Join: a light of v. (of a man), lumen p. et virtutis, Cic. Am. 8, 27: v.
5. innŏcentia, integrĭtas: v.
6. sanctĭmōnia, sanctĭtas: v.
II. A particular moral excellence: virtus, ūtis, f.: all v.s are equal, omnes v. sunt inter se aequales et pares, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55 to have all the v.s, omnes habere v., id. Off. 2, 10, 35. the cardinal v.s, virtutes eae quae quasi fontes universae honestatis sunt (v.
III. Chastity, q. v.: pŭdīcĭtia. [For to rob a woman of her v., v.
IV. Of animals and things, excellence, worth:
1. virtus, ūtis, f.: the v. (
2. bŏnĭtas: v.
3. laus, laudis, f.: fidelity is the v. of a dog, *summa laus canis in fide cernitur (R. and A.).
V. Power, efficacy, esp. in medicine:
1. vis, virtus: v.
2. pŏtestas (in plur.): Join: (herbarum) potestates visque, Plin. 25, 2, 5, § 9: cf. p. herbarum, Virg. Aen. 12, 396.
3. făcultas (in plur.: rare in this sense): since all medicines have their special v.s, cum omnia medicamenta proprias facultates habeant, Cels. 5, praef., ad fin.
4. pŏtentia: p. herbarum, Ov. M. 1, 522: Plin.: v. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v.
5. expr. by adjj.: sălūtāris, effĭcax: e. g., the decoction has v. for tooth-ache, ad dentium dolorem decoctum eorum salutare est, Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 71: v.
6. expr. by verbb.: făcere, prōdesse: e. g., to have v. for dysury, facere ad difficultatem urinae, id. 22, 18, 21, § 46. Cf. also posse, Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16: pollere, Plin. 24, 19, 110, § 171 (v. also Forcell. s. v.): valere, Plin.: Cels. (v. Forcell. s. v.). Fig.: expr. by posse, vălēre: e. g., philosophy has not the same v. with all minds, (philosophia) non idem potest apud omnes, Cic. (v. also
ἀρετή
ἀρετή, ἀρετῆς, ἡ, excellence, virtue
ἀνδραγαθία
bravery, manly virtue, the character of a brave honest man
manliness, manly virtue
πατραγαθία
virtue of one’s father
ἀρετή, ἀρετῆς, ἡ, excellence, virtue
ἀνδραγαθία
bravery, manly virtue, the character of a brave honest man
appearing fewer than 50 times
εὐηνορίαmanliness, manly virtue
πατραγαθία
virtue of one’s father