summus

summus, a, um, adj., v. superus.

summus, a, um, s. superus.

summus [CL] 1 (w. ref. to vertical position in general) highest, topmost, most high up; b (w. ref. to Heaven or position in Heaven, cf. et. 11 infra); c (in fig. context); d (pred., w. ref. to the top or highest part). e (as sb.) top, summit, topmost part. f (without implied comparison) very high (up). g (w. ref. to vertical extent) very high, lofty. 675 in angulari duo testamentorum lapide de ~is montium verticibus absciso Aldh. Ep. 10 (= W. Malm. GP V 211); ceu caput avulsum vidisses vertice summo, / sic huc, sic illuc dextra levaque rotatum Alcuin WillV 31. 5; in ~is ‥ collium verticibus stagna reperies et paludes Gir. TH I 4; hec ructa, i. ~a pars gutturis WW.  b Regis caelorum summa qui regnat in arce Bonif. Aen. (Cupiditas) 228; aligeros inter socios summosque ministros / Michael princeps Alcuin Carm. 89. 25. 3; novimus esse novem per quos sua conditor explet / judicia, ordinibus separes ac partibus aequis / angelicos adstare choros summum ante tribunal Wulf. Brev. 175; quoniam ad illud ~um sublime altare in conspectu divine majestatis ‥ nondum ‥ valet ascendere Is. Stella Can. 1894D; 1166 de ~a celorum specula omnium actus et actuum intentiones jugiter speculatur Becket Ep. 183.  c cujus precibus et monitis obsecundans ad ~um [gl.: precipuum, excelsum] virginitatis fastigium anhelat Aldh. VirgP 37; [illum] post haec omnia ad ~os gradus perventurum Osb. V. Dunst. 17; cum apud regem ~um gratie gradum attigisset H. Bos. Thom. II 11.  d ex ~a caelorum arce Aldh. Met. 1; ut Jovem ‥ ~o detruderent Olympo Lib. Monstr. I 55; impulsu subito summa de rupe ‥ / Fromundum ‥ fecit ad ima vehi Nig. SS 1066.  e in summo capitis densescit vertice vellus Aldh. Aen. 91 (Palma) 8; caderet a ~is usque ad terram ‥ incolumis ‥ stetit Wulf. Æthelwold 34; picee arbores sunt in ~o pungitive, in stipite plane Bern. Comm. Aen. 62; fides in imo est, caritas in ~o Bald. Cant. Commend. Fid. 597A; columpna ‥ erat cooperta a ~o usque deorsum ex ‥ raro canopeo (Brendanus 56) VSH I 128; distantia a ~o capitis nostri ad oppositum punctum in celo Eul. Hist. I 14.  f ad ~a nubium vellera luminum semidormitantes acies librant Gildas EB 67; vox tua plebi / pandat Olimpi / hostia summa Alcuin Carm. 54. 43.  g potius ~i genuit regnator Olimpi Aldh. Aen. 79 (Sol et Luna) 5; firmatum cum mura [sic] magna de lapideis valde ~a, ut aqua illis nocere non possit Hugeb. Will. 4; ~is ‥ ut quidam ait [Lucan Bell. Civ. I 70–1], rebus diu stare negatum W. Malm. GP V 256. 2 (of position on or within that which has a conventional orientation, in quot. as sb.) top. b (her., as sb.) principal part of an escutcheon, occupying the upper third of the shield, chief. regulatis ‥ rotulis a ~o pene usque deorsum, et ex utraque parte lineis a se decenter distantibus Dial. Scac. I 5S.  b 1449 in ~o scuti locari statuimus partitum principale de azoreo ‥ deque rubeo Exc. Hist. 48. 3 superficial, of or pertaining to the surface, that is at or on the surface. b (as sb.) uppermost layer, surface. naute ‥ remorum impulsu ~a tantum sali terga radebant W. Malm. Mir. Mariae 160; signum ‥ ~e indigestionis est quando tussis est sicca Ric. Med. Signa 39 (cf. ib. 36: signum ‥ digestionis occulte).  b sepultum membrum invenit sequenti die ~otenus projectum Gosc. Edith 289; in mari tempestas a profundo incipit et usque ad ~um se protendit Bern. Comm. Aen. 50; mare movebatur a profundo ad ~um (Abbanus 19) VSH I 16; si patiens tussiat tussi sicca et nil expuat, signum est indigestionis in ~o Ric. Med. Signa 36. 4 that forms or lies at the furthest point, extremity, end, or tip (of). cumque per ~os fines eadem tenacula candentia videret Osb. V. Dunst. 14; carnibus numquam ‥ indulsit; pocula ~otenus ore semper libavit W. Malm. GP II 76; ~is illa digitis nescio quid carnium attingens Ib. V 259; digitum vix intinctum ~otenus ‥ extraxerat J. Sal. Anselm 1036B; simulque observa in saturitatis verbo non levem quamdam tolerantiam, et ~is prelibantem labris, projicientemque que amara presenserit, sed inexplebilem edacitatem adversa tolerandi G. Hoyland Ep. 296D. 5 last (in sequence), final, that comes at the end (in quot., w. ref. to period of time). b (as sb.) completion, finish, end. c that ends or completes a process, that brings a work to fruition, (esp. in phr. ~am manum imponere) to put the finishing touches to, to end. tempore ‥ ~o Tiberii Caesaris Gildas EB 8.  b ecclesia ad ~um deducta W. Malm. GP II 83.  c cenobium Fiscamnense, quod pater inchoaverat, ad ~am manum evexit W. Malm. GR II 178; Alexius ‥ ~am ‥ manum bello imponere sperans, supra Boamundum ‥ irruit Ib. III 262; s1114 concilium Windlesoris coegit ~am manum negotio impositurus Id. GP I 67; operi salvationis sue ~am ‥ imponere manum J. Ford Serm. 27. 3. 6 greatest (in size, amount, quantity, or extent); b (in intensity or sim., w. ref. to action). c (ad ~um) to the greatest extent possible. machina me summis construxit molibus amplam Aldh. Aen. 92 (Farus) 3; hi ‥ magis, quasi ~a flagella, ambitionis agitantur vento G. Hoyland Ascet. 280B; ex parlamenti senatus consulto, cujus apud Anglos ~a atque absoluta potestas est More Op. 4a.  b a civibus ‥ tributum cum ~is comminationibus exigere coeperunt Ord. Vit. III 3 p. 54; dum ‥ a clientibus ‥ mulieris ad convivium cum ~a prece invitaretur Ib. III 9 p. 106.  c videant omnes maias et faciant implere ad ~um quas potuerint Inst. Sempr. lxviii*. 7 greatest (in degree). b (as sb. n., in phr. in ~o) to the greatest or highest degree or extent, at the highest level. c (~um bonum) the supreme good; d (absol., pred. or as sb. n.). e (~o mane or sim.) (very) early or first thing in the morning. pontificem Aidanum ~ae mansuetudinis et pietatis ac moderaminis virum Bede HE III 3; crede mihi, quia te summo conplector amore Bonif. Carm. 4. 12; terrae igitur propriam summo moderamine jussus / partem restituens Epigr. Milredi 811; monachorum ‥ animis ad ~um negotium attonitis W. Malm. GP IV 143; si ad Cisterciensis ordinis observantiam te transferres ‥ ibi probatissima religionis schola est, ~us ibi modestie usus, morum regularitas P. Blois Ep. 86. 270B; a1260 ~a reverencia ‥ exhibeatur ‥ maxime ubi sacrosanctum corpus Domini reservatur (Const. Lond.) Conc. Syn. II 639; dignitas Christi et apostolorum in ~a pauperie rutilavit Wycl. Sim. 83.  b 1145 malum tanquam in ~o est, quo procedat non invenit G. Foliot Ep. 39.  c 801 Dei exemplo, qui ~um est bonum Alcuin Ep. 231; ut [rationalis creatura] summam essentiam amet super omnia bona, sicut est ~um bonum Anselm (Mon. 68) I 79; ~um bonum Bern. Comm. Aen. 19; an voluptas sit ~um bonum Balsh. AD rec. 2 176; per peccatum, id est per aversionem a ~o bono Gros. Cess. Leg. I 5; 1583 civilis scientia est praestantissima, ejusque finis praestantissimus et ~um hominis bonum EHR XIV 258.  d c799 dum omni personae ~um est caritas, quanto magis famulis Christi Alcuin Ep. 286; sicut ergo magnum est in corporalibus divitiis et deliciis carnis integritatem servare, ita ‥ ~um est, in spiritalibus gratiis hanc superbiam non sentire Ailr. Serm. 9. 23. 255C.  e ~o mane ipsius diei prior ‥ ante sancti reliquias ‥ oravit Dominic V. Ecgwini I 19; ~o diluculo exercitus de loco ‥ tentoria collegit Ord. Vit. IX 9 p. 520; 1224 ea nocte qua Rogerus obiit in crastino ~o mane postquam memoriam amiserat desponsavit eam BNB III 8; s1235 consummata ‥ carnali commixtione ~o mane, deputavit eam M. Par. Maj. III 324; vino et aqua ad missas privatas ~o mane fratribus providere Cust. Cant. 113; s1457 descendente ‥ Phebo cum curru suo aureo ad sororem suam Thetidem ‥ rursus cum in ~o diluculo anni sexti rejungeret dictos equos currui Reg. Whet. I 264. 8 that is such to the highest degree, utter, utmost. licet ipse Deo natus de lumine Christus / lux sit summa Deus Bede CuthbV 4; ante hanc horam, ex quo benedictus est, ~um silentium teneat Lanfr. Const. 172; membrum et amicus est ~ae veritatis Eadmer Ep. ad Glast. 806B; ~a quidem virtus est in principibus si sibi ipsi dominarentur Ord. Vit. IX 14 p. 584; quomodo non inter eos rerum divinarum et humanarum, cum charitate et benevolentia fuit summa consensio, quibus cor erat unum et anima una? Ailr. Spir. Amicit. I 19. 664C; cum ~o silencio adeant locum ubi minuuntur fratres Cust. Cant. 201. 9 perfect, most excellent, that has reached or is at its peak, culmination, or crowning point. ex corde patris genitus summa sapientia filius Alcuin CR 905; c794 in qua [sc. civitate Dei] est tota felicitas et nulla perturbatio, ~a requies et sempiterna beatitudo Id. Ep. 76; ipse est ~a sapientia et ~a ratio, in qua sunt omnia quae facta sunt Anselm (Man. 34) I 53; cenobium ‥ in ~um auspitium religionis evasit W. Malm. GP IV 179; Jesus, qui pax vera et ~a est Ailr. Serm. 4. 6. 228D; qui celestem remunerationem querunt in actibus terrenis profecto laudabiliter ~a querunt in imis, sicut reprehensibiliter ima in ~is qui terrenum in spiritualibus Is. Stella Serm. 40. 22. 1827C. 10 (w. direct or indirect ref. to God) most high; b (as sb.). c707 (17c) in nomine Dei ~i CS 122; 765 (12c) in nomine ~i Salvatoris et Domini nostri CS 196; c795 (11c) in ~o Dei nomine CS 273; 856 (12c) regnante ‥ Christo, omnium visibilium et invisibilium ~o opifice CS 491; 863 ante tribunal ~i et eterni judicis CS 507; interpellans pro nobis pontifex sumus [gl.: heh vel ðe hesta] Rit. Durh. 34; summa Dei bonitas, caeli quae saepta gubernas Wulf. Poems 165; unus ‥ Spiritus est ~us qui et illis magna facere posse ‥ aspirat V. Gund. 1; ne de ~a Trinitate et fide catholica disputetur P. Blois Perf. Jud. 826C.  b cedentem legem summus fert cedere regem Pol. Poems I 171; non est res mira summi si percutit ira Ib. I 208; per summum juro, te credere non mihi curo Ib. I 211. 11 highest in rank, status, social position, or authority; b (as sb. m.). c (as sb. n.) highest rank or position, ‘the top’. Melchisedech ‥ primus ~i sacerdotii dignitate subnixus Aldh. VirgP 54; duo ex eis ‥ ~i sacerdotii gradu functi sunt Bede HE III 23; ~i angeli peccatum insanabile fuit, et hominis sanabile? Alcuin Exeg. 517C; 1070 ut ‥ ~um aecclesiae vestrae priorem domnum Ernostum constituatis Lanfr. Ep. 48 (61); Alexandro ‥ ~o pontifice W. Malm. GP I 39 (v. pontifex 4b); 1290 dominus rex qui est ~us judex SelCKB II 12; in cathedra ~i pontificatus solemniter est cathedratus Oxnead Chr. 240; s1318 a ~o justitiario usque ad minimum pedaneum judicem V. Ed. II 239.  b studium est ~is, mediis, infimis, placare infensum W. Poit. I 38; ~is et mediocribus multas gravedines inferebant Ord. Vit. XII 34 p. 440; fortune rota stanti casum ~isque ruinam ‥ comminatur Gir. EH I 5; tractabitur de ~is hominum, qui sic sunt in rebus humanis ut generalissima in predicamentis H. Hunt. CM 12.  c lingua et calliditate provectus ad ~um W. Malm. GP III 134. 12 highest in quality, finest, best; b (w. abl.); c (transf.). 800 hanc tu, ~e sacerdos Christi, in animo teneas indeficienti et omnibus praedicare studeas Alcuin Ep. 207; doctor honorifice summus susceptus ubique est, / utpote quem magni reges retinere volebant Id. SS Ebor 1461; religio Vistellensis cepit, que nunc optima via ~i in caelum processus ‥ creditur W. Malm. GR IV 333; hec ~is auctoribus prima fuit et praecipua scribendi occasio Gir. TH intr. p. 4; morum summus in orbe sator [sc. Pythagoras] J. Sal. Enth. Phil. 744.  b Anselmus, humilitate ~us, quo poterat assedit W. Malm. GP I 53.  c 745 ~is et Deo amabilibus apicibus acceptis cum magno et omni quo condecet honore et veneratione relegi Ep. Bonif. 62. 13 foremost of its kind, chief, main, principal, most significant. b (~um altare) high altar (cf. et. 1 supra). c (~a missa) high mass. c803 opus ~um est sacerdotis praedicare verbum Dei Alcuin Ep. 311; prima et ~a est, ut Domino Deo salvatori meo oris mei obsequium immolem in sacrificio laudis J. Ford Serm. prol. 6; exceptis dominicis diebus et ~is festivis (Moling 9) VSH II 193.  b 1402 ij ridelli pro ~o altari de panno serico stragulato Invent. S. Paul. 508; 1404 ij vestimenta principalia pro ~o altari Ac. Durh. 396; 1436 de retrodorso ~i altaris Fabr. York 296; 1447 inter stallos canonicorum et ~um altare ejusdem ecclesie MunAcOx 557; cereis super ~um altare ‥ accensis Conc. Scot. I cclxxxiii.  c 1426 tempore ~e misse Lit. Cant. III 147. 14 taken as a whole. partes ‥ ab iniquorum tyrannide ereptas in ipsius ~e ecclesie resolidat unitatem atque in unicam hereditatem Gosc. Transl. Mild. 9; natura ~a ‥ jubet ut seminibus piscium natura cooperetur, que in multis suam arcanam occultat operationem Neckam NR II 23.

summus, a, um (superl. formé sur super ), ¶ 1 le plus haut, le plus élevé : summus ego Hor. S. 2, 8, 20, jʼétais le plus haut [sur le lit de table] || le sommet de, lʼextrémité de, la surface de : summus mons Cæs. G. 1, 22, 1, le sommet de la montagne ; in summa sacra via Cic. Planc. 17, au haut de la voie sacrée ; aqua summa Cic. Fin. 4, 64, le dessus, la surface de lʼeau ¶ 2 [fig.] a) [en parl. du son] : summa voce Cic. de Or. 1, 261, sur le ton le plus élevé de la voix ; b) [temps] : hieme summa Cic. Fam. 13, 60, 2, au plus fort, au cœur de lʼhiver [mais ad summam senectutem Cic. Rep. 1, 1, à lʼextrémité, à la limite de la vieillesse, cf. Cic. Quir. 19 ; Phil. 8, 31 ] ; summa dies Virg. En. 2, 324, le dernier jour ; (argumenta) prima et summa Quint. 6, 4, 22, (arguments) les premiers et les derniers ; c) [le degré, le rang, lʼimportance] : summi et infimi Cic. Rep. 1, 52, les hommes du rang le plus élevé et le plus bas ; summi Peripatetici Cic. Div. 1, 5, les plus grands, les plus illustres Péripatéticiens ; summus vir et imperator Cic. Arch. 27, éminent comme citoyen et général ; [noter] severitatis et munificentiæ summus Tac. Ann. 1, 46, m. à m. le plus haut sous le rapport de la sévérité et de la munificence, c.-à-d. disposant souverainement des châtiments et des grâces || summo jure Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 4, dans le plus strict (le plein) exercice de son droit ; summum bonum Cic. Læl. 20, le souverain bien ; summa turpitudo Cic. Læl. 61, la pire honte ; summa religio Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 72, le culte le plus pieux ; mihi ad summam gloriam nihil deest nisi... Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4, pour mettre le comble à ma gloire il ne me manque que... ; summa res publica Cic. Phil. 3, 37, lʼensemble de la chose publique, lʼintérêt de lʼÉtat ; summa salus rei publicæ Cic. Cat. 1, 11, la sûreté générale de lʼÉtat ; in Pompeio summa esse omnia Cic. Pomp. 51, que Pompée a toutes les qualités requises au plus haut degré ; omnia summa facere Cic. Att. 15, 13, 5, faire tout le possible ; summo rei publicæ tempore Cic. Phil. 5, 46, dans les circonstances politiques les plus difficiles.

summus , a, um. adj. (supremus.)
至高。至大。大功。大光榮。至貴者。末者。— puteus 井底。— amicus 親愛之友。Summa hiems 三冬。Summa dies 末日。死日。Summa res 事之要。Summa aqua 水面。Summa urbs 城頂。Summae rei eum praeponere 拜其爲王。Summum jus 嚴行律。Omnia summa in eo sunt 才徳皆大。Summum bonum 至善。

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summus adj. sup.

• for * supimus; superus, uppermost, highest, topmost: summis saxis fixus: iugum montis, Cs.: summa cacumina linquunt, V.: Summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus, etc., at the top, H.—As substm., he who sits in the highest place, the head of the table: sermo, qui more maiorum a summo adhibetur, by the head of the table.—Partitive, the top of, highest part of, summit of: summus mons, the top of, Cs.: feriunt summos Fulgura montīs, mountain-tops, H.: in summā sacrā viā, on the highest part of: Ianus summus ab imo, H.: summam aquam attingere, C.poët.: mari summo, V.—As substn., the top, surface, highest place, head: ab eius (frontis) summo rami diffunduntur, Cs.: non longe abesse a summo.—Of the voice, highest, loudest: summā voce, at the top of his voice, C., H.—Fig., of time or order, last, latest, final, extreme: Venit summa dies, V.: esse summā senectute.—Partitive, the last of, end of: Summo carmine, H.—Of rank or degree, highest, greatest, loftiest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme: timor: fides, constantia iustitiaque: bonum: summo magistratui praeesse, Cs.: concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia: scelus, S.: hiemps, the depths of winter: homines: amicus, the best friend, T.: summo rei p. tempore, at a most critical juncture: res p., the general welfare: ad summam rem p., L.: Quo res summa loco, Panthu?the general cause, V.: Mene socium summis adiungere rebus, in momentous enterprises, V.: agere summo iure tecum, deal exactingly.