λαμβάνω

λαμβάνω, fut. λήψομαι (λήψω only late, v.l. in LXX 1 Ma. 4.18); Ion. λάψομαι GDI 5497.3, al. (Milet., iv/iii B. C.), 5597.11 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), corrupted to λάμψομαι in Mss. of Hdt. 1.199; Dor. fut.2sg. λαψῇ Epich. 34.2, Theoc. 1.4, 10, inf. λαμψεῖσθαι PSI 9.1091.19; Hellenistic λήμψομαι PPar. 14.47 (ii B. C.), CIG 4224c (add.) (Telmessus), 4244 (Tlos), al.: aor. 2 ἔλᾰβον, Ep. ἔλλᾰβον Il. 24.170, etc.; Ion. Iterat. λάβεσκον Hes. Fr. 112, Hdt. 4.78, 130; imper. λαβέ Il. 1.407, etc.; written λάβε in Med. Ms. of A. Eu. 130, but λαβέ Att. acc. to Hdn. Gr. 1.431: pf. εἴληφα S. OT 643, Ar. Ra. 591 (lyr.), etc. (dub. in Archil. 143); Ion., Dor., Arc. λελάβηκα Hdt. 4.79, IG 42(1).121.68 (Epid., iv B. C.), 5(2).6.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), also Eup. 426; inf. λελαβήκειν IG 42(1).121.59 (Epid.), PSI 9.1091.7: plpf. εἰλήφειν Th. 2.88, Ion. 3sg. λελαβήκεε v.l. in Hdt. 3.42 (κατα-); Dor. pf. subj. 3sg. (παρ-) λελόνβῃ GDI 5087b1 (Crete):—Med., aor. 2 ἐλαβόμην, Ep. ἐλλ-, Od. 5.325, etc.; Ep. redupl. λελαβέσθαι 4.388:—Pass., fut. ληφθήσομαι S. Ph. 68, Th. 6.91, κατα-λελήψομαι Aristid. Or. 54p.677D.: aor. ἐλήφθην Ar. Eq. 101, etc.; Ion. ἐλάφθην SIG 58.8 (Milet., v B. C.), (κατ-) GDI 5532.7 (Zeleia), ἐλάμφθην Hdt. 2.89, 6.92, 7.239 (-λάφθ- by erasure in cod. B); Hellenistic ἐλήμφθην IG 14.1320, Ev.Marc. 16.19 (ἀν-); Dor. ἐλάφθην Archim. Aren. 1.13: pf. εἴλημμαι D. 24.49, Ar. Pl. 455; but in Trag. usu. λέλημμαι, A. Ag. 876, E. Ion 1113, IA 363 (troch.), Cyc. 433, cf. Ar. Ec. 1090 (δια-); so later προ-λέληπτε (sic) Supp.Epigr. 2.769 (Dura); Ion. λέλαμμαι (ἀπο-) Hdt. 9.51, (δια-) 3.117; inf. ἀνα-λελάφθαι Hp. Off. 11 (acc. to many codd., Hsch.and Erot., -λελάμφθαι vulg.); Ion. 3pl. λελήφαται An.Ox. 1.268; Dor. pf.imper. λελάφθω Archim. Con.Sph. 3, al.:—in the fut., aor. Pass., and pf. Pass. the α is short by nature in Ion., prob. long in Dor. and in Doricized Hellenistic forms such as λαμψοῦνται Test.Epict. 5.14, λάμψεσθαι IG 5(1).1390.67 (Andania, i B. C.); it is marked long in Aeol. λᾱμψεται Alc. Supp. 5.9:—of these tenses Hom. uses only aor. Act., and aor.Med. twice (v. supr.); the Homeric pres. is λάζομαι. —

• The word has two main senses, one (more active) take; the other (more passive) receive:
• • I take,
  • • 1 take hold of, grasp, seize, μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία Od. 6.81: freq. with χειρί or χερσί added, χειρὶ χεῖρα λαβόντες Il. 21.286; χερμάδιον λάβε χειρί 5.302; χείρεσσι λαβὼν περιμήκεα κοντόν Od. 9.487; ἐν χείρεσσι λάβʼ ἡνία Il. 8.116; ἐν χεροῖν λ. S. OT 913; διὰ χερῶν λαβών Id. Ant. 916; ἐς χέρας E. Hec. 1242; ἐν ἀγκάλαις A. Supp. 481, etc.; of an eagle, λ. ἄγραν ποσίν Pi. N. 3.81: c.acc. of the thing seized, λ. γούνατα Il. 24.465; but also c. acc. of whole, gen. of part seized, τὴν πτέρυγος λάβεν caught her by the wing, 2.316; τὸν δὲ πεσόντα ποδῶν ἔλαβε 4.463; γούνων λαβὼν κούρην Od. 6.142; λ. τινὰ τῆς ζώνης X. An. 1.6.10, etc.: sts. c. gen. only, ἀγκὰς ἀλλήλων λαβέτην χερσί they took hold of one another with their arms, Il. 23.711:—freq. in Med., v. infr. B.
    • • b take by violence, carry off as prize or booty, Il. 5.273, 8.191, Hdt. 4.130, S. Ph. 68 (Pass.), 1431, etc.; capture a city, Plb. 1.24.11, 3.61.8; ἐκ πόλιος . . ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα Od. 9.41; of lions, λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσιν Il. 11.114; ἵνα δαῖτα λάβῃσιν 24.43; of an eagle, 17.678; of a dolphin, 21.24.
      • c λ. δίκην take, exact punishment, Lys. 1.29,34, Isoc. 4.181; ποινάς E. Tr. 360, etc. (rarely for δοῦναι δίκην, v. infr. II.1 e); λ. τιμωρίαν D. 18.280.
    • 2 of passions, feelings, etc., seize, μένος ἔλλαβε θυμόν Il. 23.468; Ἀτρεΐωνα . . χόλος λάβεν 1.387; ὁππότε κέν μιν γυῖα λάβῃ κάματος 4.230; τὸν δὲ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα 24.170, al.; δὴν δέ μιν ἀμφασίη ἐπέων λάβε Od. 4.704; τοὺς Ἀθηναίους θάρσος ἔλαβε Th. 2.92; ἄχος X. Cyr. 5.5.6; δέος Pl. Lg. 699c; ἐπειδὴ καιρὸς ἐλάμβανε when the occasion came to them, i.e. occurred, Th. 2.34, D.C. 44.19; of fevers and sudden illnesses, attack, Hp. Morb. 1.19, Th. 2.49, Ar. Ec. 417, etc. (cf. λάζομαι, λῆψις):—Pass., λαμβάνεσθαι νόσῳ, ὑπὸ [νόσου], S. Tr. 446, Hdt. 1.138; ἔρωτι X. Cyr. 6.1.31, etc. (reversely of the person, λ. θυμόν, etc., v. infr. II.3).
    • • b of a deity, seize, possess, τινα Hdt. 4.79:—Pass., τῇ Ῥέᾳ λαμβάνονται Luc. Nigr. 37.
      • c of darkness, etc., occupy, possess, εὖτʼ ἂν κνέφας τεμενος αἰθέρος λάβῃ A. Pers. 365.
    • 3 catch, overtake, as an enemy, Il. 5.159, 11.106, 126, etc.; λ. τινὰ στείχοντα θύραζε Od. 9.418; ζῶντες ἐλάμφθησαν Hdt. 9.119; simply, find, come upon, S. OT 1031, E. Ion 1339.
    • 4 catch, find out, detect, Hdt. 2.89 (Pass.); ποίῳ λαβών σε Ζεὺς ἐπʼ αἰτιάματι; A. Pr. 196; τὸν αὐτόχειρα τοῦ φόνου λ. S. OT 266: freq. c. part., κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον ib. 461; κλέπτοντα Κλέωνα λάβοιμι Ar. V. 759; λ. τινὰ ψευδόμενον Pl. R. 389d; τοῦτον ὑβρίζοντα λαβόντες D. 21.97: with Adj., ὅπως μὴ λήψομαί σε προπετῆ Men. Epit. 570:—Pass., δρῶσʼ ἐλήφθης S. Tr. 808; ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ δεινὰ δρῶντʼ εἰλημμένω Ar. Pl. 455; ληφθεῖσαν ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ μηχανωμένην τι Antipho 1.3; ἐλήφθη μοιχός Lys. 13.66: in good sense, οὐκ ἂν λάβοις μου μᾶλλον οὐδένʼ εὐσεβῆ S. Ph. 1051.
    • 5 λ. τινὰ πίστι καὶ ὁρκίοισι bind him by . ., Hdt. 3.74; ἀραῖον λαβεῖν τινα S. OT 276 codd.
    • 6 c. dupl. acc., take as, λαβὼν πρόβλημα σαυτοῦ παῖδα τόνδʼ Id. Ph. 1007; ξυμπαραστάτην λ. τινά ib. 675; τοὺς Ἕλληνας λ. συναγωνιζομένους Isoc. 5.86.
    • 7 τὴν Ἴδην λαβὼν ἐς ἀριστερὴν χεῖρα taking, keeping Ida to your left (nisi leg. λαβών, ἐς . . ) Hdt. 7.42; ἐν δεξιᾷ λ. τὴν Σικελίαν Th. 7.1; λ. τὸ στρατόπεδον κατὰ νώτου take in rear, i.e. be behind, Hdt. 1.75; cf. ἀπείργω II.2, ἔχω (A) A.I.7.
    • 8 λ. Ἑλληνίδα ἐσθῆτα assume it, Id. 4.78, cf. 2.37; λ. ζυγόν Pi. P. 2.93.
    • • b take food or drugs, Diocl. Frr. 121 (Pass.), 140, Sor. 1.125, Gal. 15.469.
    • 9 apprehend by the senses, ὄμμασιν θέαν S. Ph. 537, cf. 656; πρόσφθεγμά τινος ib. 234; ὁρᾶται, ἢ ἄλλῃ τινὶ αἰσθήσει λαμβάνεται Pl. R. 524d.
    • • b apprehend with the mind, understand, φρενὶ λ. τὸν λόγον Hdt. 9.10; νόῳ Id. 3.41; τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl. Prm. 143a; λ. ἐν ταῖς γνώμαις βεβαίως X. Cyr. 3.3.51; ἐν νῷ Plb. 2.35.6: abs., λ. τὴν ἀλήθειαν Antipho 1.6; μνήμην παρὰ τῆς φήμης λ. Lys. 2.3, cf. Pl. Phdr. 246d, etc.
      • c with Adv. added, take, i.e. understand in a certain manner, ταύτῃ ταῦτα ἐλάμβανον Hdt. 7.142; λάβετε [τοὺς λόγους] μὴ πολεμίως Th. 4.17; τὸ πρᾶγμα μειζόνως ἐλάμβανον took it more seriously, Id. 6.27, cf. 61; ὀρθῶς λ. τὸν φιλοκερδῆ Pl. Hipparch. 227c; λ. τι οὕτω, ὧδε, Arist. SE 174b27, Rh.Al. 1423a4; ὀργῇ καὶ φόβῳ τὸ γεγονὸς λ. Plu. Alc. 18: with παρά c.acc., λαμβάνω σε παρὰ βουκόλον . . PMag.Par. 1.2434:—Pass., τρίτου καθεστῶσαι ἐπὶ πρώτου λαμβάνονται are used for the first person, A.D. Pron. 78.22; with ἐς, εἰ ἐς κόρην λαμβάνοιτο be taken for a girl, Philostr. Im. 2.32: less freq. c. dupl. acc., ὡς μεθυστικὰς λ. [τὰς ἁρμονίας] Arist. Pol. 1342b25, cf. S.E. P. 1.179; τῆς νίκης ἆθλον τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τῆς πολιτείας λ. Arist. Pol. 1296a31; τοῦτο λ. γιγνόμενον Id. Mete. 346a7; also λ. περί τινος τί ἐστι Id. EN 1142a32, cf. 1140a24, al.: also c. inf., λ. τι εἶναί τι Id. Mete. 389a29, al.: with a relat. clause, οὕτω δεῖ λαμβάνειν, ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὅτι . . Id. Metaph. 1053a27, cf. Str. 2.5.1; εἰλήφθω ὁ ἄδικος ποσαχῶς λέγεται Arist. EN 1129a31: in bad sense, πρὸς δέους λ. τι Plu. Flam. 7; πρὸς ἀτιμίας Id. Cic. 13; λ. διʼ οἴκτου E. Supp. 194; but also ἐν χάριτι καὶ δωρεᾷ λ. receive as a favour, Plb. 1.31.6.
      • d in Logic, assume, take for granted, ἅπαν ζῷον λαμβάνει ἢ θνητὸν ἢ ἀθάνατον Arist. APr. 46b6; λ. τὰς περὶ ἕκαστον ἀρχάς ib. 53a2, etc.:—Pass., τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ληφθέντα ib. 26b30; αἱ εἰλημμέναι προτάσεις ib. 33a15, cf. Phld. Rh. 2.46 S., Sign. 35, Oec. p.5 J., S.E. P. 2.89.
      • e take, i.e. determine, estimate, τὴν ξυμμέτρησιν τῶν κλιμάκων Th. 3.20; ἐντεῦθεν τὸ μέγεθος τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων Lycurg. 66; τὴν τιμωρίαν ποθεινοτέραν λ. Th. 2.42.
    • 10 take in hand, undertake (cf. ληπτέον), λ. τι ἐπὶ τὸ σωφρονέστερον, opp. συνταχύνειν, Hdt. 3.71; μηδένα πόνον λαβόντες without taking any trouble, Id. 7.24; παλαισμάτων λ. φροντίδα Pi. N. 10.22.
    • 11 take in, hold, τὸ στρατόπεδον πεζοὺς λ. περὶ τετρακισχιλίους Plb. 3.107.10.
    • 12 part. λαβών freq. seems pleonastic, but adds dramatic effect, λαβὼν κύσε χεῖρα took and kissed, Od. 24.398, cf. Il. 21.36: so in Trag. and Com., τί μʼ οὐ λαβὼν ἔκτεινας; S. OT 1391, cf. 641; τῆ νῦν τόδε πῖθι λαβών Cratin. 141, etc.
    • • b ingressive of ἔχων (ἔχω (A) A.I.6), ἑτάρους τε λ. καὶ νῆα . . ἦλθον Od. 15.269, cf. S. Tr. 259.
  • II receive,
  • • 1 have given one, get, receive, prop. of things (AB 106), ἄποινα Il. 6.427; τὰ πρῶτα 23.275; ἀντίποινα S. El. 592, v. infr. e; παρὰ βασιλέος δῶρα Hdt. 8.10, cf. Ar. Eq. 439; πρός τινος S. El. 12, etc.; ἀπὸ τῶν συκοφαντῶν X. Mem. 2.9.4; gain, win, κλέος Od. 1.298, S. Ph. 1347, etc.; ἀρετάν Pi. O. 8.6; κόσμον Id. N. 3.31 codd. (v.l. ἔλαχες Sch.); ἀλκήν S. OT 218, etc.; πρὸς τὸ μνηστεύεσθαι λ. ἡλικίαν attain . ., Isoc. 10.39; λ. νόστον E. IT 1016, etc.; λ. τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς θαλάττης Isoc. 5.61; μοναρχίαν S. Ant. 1163; τέρψιν Id. Tr. 820; χάριν Id. OT 1004; κέρδος Ar. Ach. 906: also in bad sense, λ. ὀνείδη S. OT 1494; συμφοράν E. Med. 43; θάνατον Id. Hel. 201 (lyr.); γέλωτα μωρίαν τε incur . ., Id. Ion 600; αἰτίαν ἀπό τινος Th. 2.18, etc.:—for λ. θυμόν, etc., v. supr. Ι.2 et infr. 3.
    • • b receive hospitably, Od. 7.255, cf. S. OC 284 (ἔλαβες τὸν ἱκέτην ἐχέγγυον) which approaches this sense; καλῶς λ. τινά treat well, BGU 843.10 (i/ii A. D.).
      • c receive in marriage, Hdt. 1.199, 9.108, E. Fr. 953.27, X. HG 4.1.14, Isoc. 10.39, PEleph. 1.2 (iv B. C.), Men. Pk. 436; τοῖς λαμβάνουσιν ἐξ αὐτῶν, i.e. those who married their daughters, SIG 1044.14 (Halic., iv/iii B. C.); also of the father taking a daughter-in-law, τῷ υἱῷ λ. τινά Men. Pk. 447.
      • d λ. ὄνομα, ἐπωνυμίαν, receive a name, Pl. Plt. 305d, Smp. 173d.
      • e λ. δίκην receive, i.e. suffer, punishment, Hdt. 1.115; τὴν ἀξίην λ. get oneʼs deserts, Id. 7.39; δίκην γὰρ ἀξίαν ἐλάμβανεν E. Ba. 1312; λ. ζημίας D. 11.11.
      • f λ. ὅρκον receive an oath, Arist. Rh. 1377a8; λ. πιστά X. An. 3.2.5, al.; λ. λόγον demand an account, τινος for a thing, παρά τινος from a person, Id. Cyr. 1.4.3, D. 8.47.
      • g λ. ἐν γαστρί conceive, Hp. Prorrh. 2.24; κῦμα λ., of the earth, A. Ch. 128.
      • h receive as produce, profit, etc., οἶνον ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου Ar. Nu. 1123; [χρήματα] ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς Pl. R. 347b; λ. ἑκατὸν τῆς δραχμῆς, ὀβολοῦ, purchase for . ., Ar. Pax 1263, Ra. 1235, cf. Nu. 1395; πόθεν ἄν τις τοῦτο τὸ χρῖμα λάβοι; X. Smp. 2.4.
      • i λ. πεῖράν τινος, v. πεῖρα.
    • 2 admit of, ὁ μέγας κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει Pi. O. 1.81.
    • • b admit, initiate, τοὺς ἐς τὰ τῆς τέχνης εἰλημμένους Hp. Decent. 17.
    • 3 of persons conceiving feelings and the like, λ. θυμόν take heart, Od. 10.461: freq. in periphrasis, λ. φόβον, = φοβεῖσθαι, S. OC 729; αἰδῶ λ., = αἰδεῖσθαι, Id. Aj. 345; λ. ὀργήν, = ὀργίζεσθαι, E. Supp. 1050: so generally λ. ἀρχήν, = ἄρχεσθαι, Id. IA 1124; λ. ὕψος, ἐπίδοσιν, αὔξησιν, = ὑψοῦσθαι, ἐπιδιδόναι, αὐξάνεσθαι, Th. 1.91, Isoc. 4.10, Arist. GA 732b5, etc.; λ. κακόν τι Ar. Nu. 1310; λ. νόσον take a disease, Pl. R. 610d; λ. μορφήν, τέλος, etc., Arist. GA 762a13, 744a21, etc.; αἱ οἰκίαι ἐπάλξεις λαμβάνουσαι receiving battlements, having battlements added, Th. 4.69, cf. 115.
    • 4 c. inf., receive permission to . . , SIG 996.6 (Smyrna, i A. D.).
• B Med., take hold of, lay hold on, c. gen., [σχεδίης] Od. 5.325; τῆς κεφαλῆς, τῶν γουνάτων, Hdt. 4.64, 9.76; χειρός E. Med. 899, etc.; τοῦ βωμοῦ And. 1.126, etc.: c. dupl.gen., μου λαβόμενος τῆς χειρός Pl. Chrm. 153b.
• • • 2 seize and keep hold of, obtain possession of, ἀρχῆς S. OC 373; καιροῦ λαβόμενος seizing the opportunity, Is. 2.28; λ. ἀληθείας Pl. Plt. 309d: rarely c. acc., τόν . . λελαβέσθαι Od. 4.388.
    • 3 lay hands upon, χαλεπῶς λαμβάνεσθαί τινος lay rough hands on him, deal hardly with him, Hdt. 2.121.δʹ.
    • 4 of place, λ. τῶν ὀρῶν take to the mountains, Th. 3.24, cf. 106; Δήλου λαβόμεναι (sc. αἱ νῆες) reaching Delos, Id. 8.80.
    • 5 find fault with, censure, τινος Pl. Lg. 637c, Philostr. VA 4.22.
    • 6 λαβέσθαι ἑαυτοῦ check oneself, Hld. 2.24.

λαμβάνω impf. ἐλάμβανον, mid. pass. ἐλαμβανόμην ‖ fut. mid. λήψομαι, later λήμψομαι ‖ aor^t. ἔλᾰβον, mid. ἐλαβόμην ‖ pf. εἴληφα, mid. pass. εἴλημμαι ‖ ppf. εἰλήφειν, mid. pass. εἰλήμμην ‖ aor. pass. ἐλήφθην, later ἐλήμφθην ‖ fut. pass. ληφθήσομαι and λημφθήσομαι VT Jdt. 8.21, al. ‖ fut. pf. (κατα)λελήψομαι Aristid.¹ Or. 54D p. 677.9

❶ act. (with fut. mid.)
🄰 to take, seize usu. with acc. | with gen. of the part seized | to take, subtract, take away ‖ with regard to oneself to take ‖ to assume, take | often ptc. λαβών with | with two acc. ‖ to take upon oneself, take responsibility, with acc. ‖ to take into oneself, include ‖ rar. to take, in exchange for sthg. ‖ periphr. with abstract obj.:
🄱 to capture, get hold of, with acc. | analog. to constrain ‖ extens. to invade, take over, take possession of
🄲 to catch, surprise, discover, find, with acc. | with ptc. | analog.
🄳 to perceive, understand, comprehend | to understand, consider, with adv. | with prep. | with two acc. | with acc. and inf. | with ὅτι | with interrog. ‖ analog. to judge, evaluate, consider | to note | log. to assume, as principle ‖ to intone
🄴 to receive, obtain, procure, reach, gain, with acc. | Christ. to receive from God, from Christ ‖ to obtain: τι sthg. | to collect, tariffs, taxes etc. | abs. to receive money
🄵 to receive, have, accept, admit, with acc. | as wife | s.times with subj. of thing | in relig. sense to welcome ‖ to welcome within oneself, receive ‖ receive (in exchange for sthg.): δίκην justice = to undergo punishment

❷ mid.
🄰 to take, seize, with gen. ‖ to catch, take hold of, with gen.
🄱 to reach
🄲 extens. to be angry (with s.o.), mistreat, reproach, with gen.

❸ pass.
🄰 to be taken, be seized, be caught | to be taken prisoner, be captured, be defeated ‖ analog. to be possessed or obsessed | to be assumed, in the Incarnation:
🄱 to be caught, be surprised, be discovered, be found
🄲 to be perceived or understood ‖ to be assumed or considered | gramm. to be used ‖ log. to be assumed or admitted as principle ‖ extens. to be introduced or begun

❶ act. (with fut. mid.)
🄰 to take, seize usu. with acc. Il. 1.407 etc.; ἐν χείρεσσι λάβ’ ἡνία he took the reins in hand Il. 8.116; χειρὶ δὲ χεῖρα λαβόντες they took his hand in theirs Il. 21.286; ἔλαβεν μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία he took the whip and the reins Od. 6.81; κλάδους … τούτους … ἐν ἀγκάλαις λαβών taking these branches in his arms Aeschl. Suppl. 481; τάδ’ ἐν χεροῖν στέφη λαβούσῃ having taken these garlands in her hands Soph. O.T. 913 | of suppliants λ. γούνατα to grasp the knees Il. 24.465 etc. | with gen. of the part seized τὴν δ’ … πτέρυγος λάβεν he caught her by the wing Il. 2.316; τὸν δέ … ποδῶν ἔλαβε he caught him by the feet Il. 4.463; ἔλαβον τῆς ζώνης τὸν Ὀρόνταν they seized Orontas by the belt Xen. An. 1.6.10 | εἰσηγοῦ σὺ λαβὼν ἡμᾶς guide us (sc. take us and lead …: ptc. with dramatic effect) Aristoph. Av. 647 | to take, subtract, take away: λ. τὴν ψυχήν τινος to kill s.o. VT 1Kgs. 19.14, al. ‖ with regard to oneself to take Hdt. 7.42.2 etc.; τὸ στρατόπεδον … κατὰ νώτου λάβοι so that it would take (= surround) the camp from behind Hdt. 1.75.5; ἐν δεξιᾷ λαβόντες τὴν Σικελίαν keeping Sicily on their right Thuc. 7.1.1 ‖ to assume, take: ζυγόν the yoke Pind. P. 2.93; λαβὼν χλανίδα he seized a cloak Hdt. 3.139.2; λ. τροφήν to take food Sor. 1.28.1 | medicine Sor. 2.13.1 | of the Incarnation λαμβάνει σάρκα ἐκ γυναικός to take on flesh through birth from a woman Gel. 2.24.12 | often ptc. λαβών with Xen. Cyr. 1.4.13 etc.; ἑτάρους τε λαβὼν καὶ νῆα μέλαιναν ἦλθον I have come with my comrades and a black ship Od. 15.269 | with two acc. σε ξυμπαραστάτην λαβεῖν to take you as savior Soph. Ph. 675; λήμψομαι ἐμαυτῷ ὑμᾶς λαὸν ἐμοί I will take you for myself as my people, of God VT Exod. 6.7; λ. τινὰ αὐτῷ γυναῖκα to take s.o. as his wife VT Exod. 6.23 = λ. τινὰ ἑαυτῷ εἰς γυναῖκα VT Exod. 6.20; also abs. ἔλαβον they were married NilAnc. Ep. 2.140 (79.261C) ‖ to take upon oneself, take responsibility with acc. Hdt. 3.71.3 Pind. N. 10.22 etc.; μηδένα πόνον λαβόντας without taking any trouble Hdt. 7.24; of a scapegoat λήμψεται … ἐφ’ ἑαυτῷ τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῶν he will take their iniquities upon himself VT Lev. 16.22; λ. ἁμαρτίαν to fall into sin, to sin VT Num. 18.32; λ. τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ to take up oneʼs own cross NT Matt. 10.38 ‖ to take into oneself, include: πεζοὺς μὲν λαμβάνει περὶ τετρακισχιλίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ διακοσίους (the Rom. legion) includes some four thousand foot soldiers and two hundred horsemen Pol. 3.107.10 ‖ rar. to take, in exchange for sthg.: δίκην justice = to punish Isocr. 4.181 Lys. 1.29 etc. | ποινὰς ἀδελφῶν καὶ πατρὸς λαβοῦσ’ ἐμοῦ taking vengeance for my brothers and my father Eur. Tr. 360; ἀδικήματος οὐδενὸς λαβεῖν τιμωρίαν not to punish any offense Demosth. 18.280 (but see below, under f) ‖ periphr. with abstract obj.: ὁρμὴν λ. to head for Erasistr. fr. 162; πεῖραν λ. … with inf. to try to …, attempt to … VT Deut. 28.56; τινὸς πεῖραν λ. to experience sthg. NT Heb. 11.36; ἀφορμὴν λ. to take a chance, take advantage of an opportunity NT Rom. 7.8, 11; ἀρχὴν λ. to begin NT Heb. 2.3; Hebr. λ. πρόσωπον to stand in awe of, have excessive respect for or display partiality VT Sir. 4.27, 35.13 NT Gal. 2.6 = λ. εἰς πρόσωπον SentApost. 77

🄱 to capture, take possession of with acc. Il. 5.273 Od. 11.4 Hdt. 4.130 etc.; υἷας Πριάμοιο δύω λάβε he captured two of Priamʼs sons Il. 5.159; τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους οὕς … εἰλήφει the prisoners he had captured Thuc. 3.32.1; τὴν πόλιν βίᾳ … λαβεῖν to seize the city by force Thuc. 4.69.1; ταύτην μὲν ἐξ ἐφόδου κατὰ κράτος ἔλαβον they took this (city) by storm Pol. 1.24.11 | often of animals with regard to their prey Il. 11.114, 17.678, 21.24 etc. | analog. to constrain: φίλον προσεκτῶντο πίστι τε λαβόντες καὶ ὁρκίοισι they made a friend of him, binding him with pledge and oaths Hdt. 3.74.2 ‖ extens. to invade, take over, take possession of: οὗτος ὁ δαίμων καὶ τὸν ὑμέτερον βασιλέα λελάβηκε this divinity has taken possession of your own king too Hdt. 4.79.4; κνέφας δὲ τέμενος αἰθέρος λάβῃ (when) darkness had overtaken the sacred precinct of the ether Aeschl. Pers. 365 | usu. of feelings, illnesses and sim. Il. 1.387 (anger) Il. 4.230 (fatigue) Hp. Morb. 1.19, V.M. 16 (fever) Thuc. 2.49.2 (blush and inflammation) Aristoph. Lys. 1089 (agitation) Theocr. 24.10 (sleepiness) etc.; τὸν δὲ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα a tremor invaded his limbs Il. 24.170; μιν ἀμφασίη ἐπέων λάβε she was struck dumb Od. 4.704; ἐπειδὴ καιρὸς ἐλάμβανε when the appropriate time came Thuc. 2.34.8; ὃν εἰ τότε μὴ δέος ἔλαβεν if fear had not seized him then Plat. Leg. 699c; ἄχος αὐτὸν ἔλαβεν he was overwhelmed with pain Xen. Cyr. 5.5.6; ἔκστασις ἔλαβεν ἅπαντας all were seized with religious awe NT Luke 5.26; πειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ εἴληφεν no temptation has captivated you NT 1Cor. 10.13

🄲 to catch, surprise, discover, find with acc. Aristoph. Ve. 759 etc.; τὸν αὐτόχειρα τοῦ φόνου λαβεῖν to discover the perpetrater of the murder Soph. O.T. 266 | with ptc. pred. of obj. κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον if you find I have lied Soph. O.T. 461; ἂν ἄρ’ ἄλλον τινὰ λαμβάνῃ ψευδόμενον if he catches s.o. else lying Plat. Rp. 389d; τοῦτον ὑβρίζοντα λαβόντες having caught him committing violence Demosth. 21.97 | analog. ἐν τῇδέ σ’ ἔλαβον νεόγονον βρέφος ποτέ I found you in this when you were a newborn baby Eur. Ion 1339

🄳 to perceive, understand, comprehend Hdt. 9.10.1 Lys. 2.3 Pol. 2.35.6 etc.; ἅτε οὐ νόῳ λαβών since he did not grasp the meaning (of the words) Hdt. 3.51.1; ὄμμασιν μόνην θέαν … λαβόντα having perceived (= having seen) the spectacle with his eyes only Soph. Ph. 537; ἐὰν αὐτὸ τῇ διανοίᾳ μόνον καθ’ αὑτὸ λάβωμεν if we consider it by itself through thought alone Plat. Parm. 143a; λαβεῖν δ’ ἐν ταῖς γνώμαις βεβαίως τοῦτο to have a firm understanding of or be firmly convinced of this opinion Xen. Cyr. 3.3.51 | to understand, consider with adv. Hdt. 7.142.3 Thuc. 4.17.3, al. etc.; εἴ τις … ὀρθῶς λαμβάνοι τὸν φιλοκερδῆ if one grasped correctly who the greedy one is Plat. Hippar. 227c; ὀργῇ δ’ ἅμα καὶ φόβῳ τὸ γεγονὸς λαμβάνοντες understanding or considering what happened with anger and fear Plut. Alc. 18.8 | with prep. δι’ οἴκτου τὰς ἐμὰς λαβεῖν τύχας to have pity on my misfortunes Eur. Suppl. 194; τοῦτο πρὸς ἀτιμίαν ὁ δῆμος ἔλαβε the people considered it an affront Plut. Cic. 13.3 | with two acc. Aristot. Pol. 1242b | with acc. and inf. Aristot. Meteor. 389a 29, al. | with ὅτι Aristot. Metaph. 1053a 27 | with interrog. δεῖ δὲ λαβεῖν καὶ περὶ εὐβουλίας τί ἐστιν we must also grasp the nature of good judgment Aristot. E.N. 1142a 32 ‖ analog. to judge, evaluate, consider: τὴν δὲ τῶν ἐναντίων τιμωρίαν ποθεινοτέραν αὐτῶν λαβόντες judging vengeance on their adversaries more desirable than these things Thuc. 2.42.4; τὴν μὲν οὖν ξυμμέτρησιν τῶν κλιμάκων … ἔλαβον they estimated the requisite measurement for the ladders Thuc. 3.20.4, cf. Plut. Aem. 15.10; τὸ μέγεθος τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐλάμβανον they judged the gravity of the faults Lycurg. 66; ὡς καθ’ ὅλου λαβεῖν considering things in general Thphr. H.P. 4.11.4 | to register: τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἐξ ὀνόματος to register the number by name, in census VT Num. 3.40 | log. to assume, as principle Aristot. APr. 46b 6, al. ‖ to intone: ψαλμόν a psalm VT Ps. 80.3; λ. ἐπί τινα θρῆνον to chant a song of lamentation for s.o. VT Ezek. 26.17, al.

🄴 to receive, obtain, acquire, reach, gain with acc. Il. 6.427 etc.; τὶ παρά τινος sthg. from s.o. Hdt. 8.10.3 = τὶ πρός τινος Soph. El. 12 etc. | τὶ ἀπό τινος Xen. Mem. 2.9.4 | οἷον κλέος ἔλλαβε δῖος Ὀρέστης what glory did the divine Orestes obtain Od. 1.298; οὔτις ἄνευ θεῶν ἀρετὰν λάβεν no one has ever achieved excellence without the favor of the gods Sim. 21.2; τὴν δὲ τέρψιν … αὐτὴ λάβοι may she achieve joy Soph. Tr. 820; τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς θαλάττης ἐλάμβανον they acquired mastery over the sea Isocr. 5.61; πρὸς τὸ μνηστεύεσθαι λαβούσης ἡλικίαν having reached the age to be betrothed Isocr. 10.39; τοὔνομα δικαίως εἴληφεν ἴδιον he rightly received his proper name Plat. Pol. 305d; λαβὼν ἀνδρὸς ἡλικίαν having become an adult Plut. Thes. 3.7 | Christ. to receive from God, from Christ NT John 16.24 ( abs.), 1Cor. 4.7; πνεῦμα ἅγιον the Holy Spirit NT John 20.22; ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν remission of sins NT Acts 10.43; χάριν καὶ ἀποστολήν grace and the apostolate NT Rom. 1.5 ‖ to obtain τι sthg. (as product, gain, and sim.) Plat. Rp. 347b etc.; λαμβάνων οὔτ’ οἶνον οὔτ’ ἄλλ’ οὐδὲν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου not obtaining wine or any other product from the region Aristoph. Nub. 1123; λάβοιμ’ ἂν αὔτ’ … ἑκατὸν τῆς δραχμῆς I could have a hundred of them for a drachma Aristoph. Pax 1263; πόθεν ἄν τις τοῦτο τὸ χρῖμα λάβοι; where could one get this unguent? Xen. Symp. 2.4; λ. μισθὸν πιστόν to obtain oneʼs just desserts VT Prov. 11.21 | to collect, tariffs, taxes etc. VT 1Macc. 3.31 NT Matt. 17.25; λ. ἀπαρχάς to collect the offering of first fruits VT Exod. 25.2 | abs. to receive money Didache 1.5 etc.

🄵 to receive, have, accept, admit with acc. Od. 7.255 (as a guest) Hdt. 1.199.4, al. etc.; ὁ μέγας δὲ κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει great danger does not admit a cowardly man Pind. O. 1.81; ἐδώκαμεν καὶ ἐλάβομεν πιστὰ μὴ προδώσειν ἀλλήλους we gave and received pledges not to betray one another Xen. An. 3.2.5, cf. Plut. Br. 12.8; τὸν μὲν τῶν χρημάτων λόγον παρὰ τούτων λαμβάνειν to receive the financial accounts from them Demosth. 8.47; δίδωσι καὶ λαμβάνει (sc. τὰ ὅρκια) he swears and accepts oaths Aristot. Rh. 1377a 8; λ. εὐχήν to receive the prayer i.e. derive benefit from the intercession of s.o. [Sophron.] VMar. 4, al. | as wife Men. Peric. 1014; σὲ μέν … διδόναι Ὄτυϊ τὴν θυγατέρα, σὲ δὲ λαμβάνειν that you should give your daughter in marriage to Otys and that you (Otys) should accept her Xen. Hel. 4.1.14; τῷ γὰρ ὑῷ λαμβάνω τὴν τοῦ Φιλίνου θυγατέρ’ I take Philinosʼs daughter as wife for my son Men. Peric. 1025; λαμβάνειν ἐν ταῖς αὐτῶν πόλεσι γυναῖκας to take wives in their cities Isocr. 10.39 | s.times with subj. of thing αἱ οἰκίαι τοῦ προαστείου ἐπάλξεις λαμβάνουσαι αὐταὶ ὑπῆρχον ἔρυμα the houses of the suburbs, with battlements added to them, themselves constituted a rampart Thuc. 4.69.2 | in relig. sense to welcome, the Father, the Son, their messengers NT John 13.20; τὴν μαρτυρίαν testimony NT John 3.11, al. ‖ to welcome within oneself, receive: τῶνδε κῦμα λαμβάνει (the earth) receives within itself the germ of all these beings Aeschl. Ch. 128 | analog. λ. ἐν γαστρί to conceive, become pregnant Hp. Prorrh. 2.24 | usu. of sentiments and sim., often in periphrasis αὖτις θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λάβητε once again, welcome ardor within your breasts Od. 10.461; λ. φόβον to be afraid Soph. O.C. 729; λ. ὀργήν to become angry Eur. Suppl. 1050; ὕψος λαμβάνει it rises Thuc. 1.91.1 (building of walls); λ. νόσον to fall ill Plat. Rp. 610d; μέγεθος ἔλαβον (the kids) have grown Xen. Cyr. 1.4.3; λ. μεγίστην ἐπίδοσιν to make the greatest progress Isocr. 4.10 (arts) etc. ‖ to receive (in exchange for sthg.): δίκην justice = to undergo punishment, be punished Hdt. 1.115.3 etc.; τὴν μὲν ἀξίην οὐ λάμψεαι you shall not receive just punishment Hdt. 7.39.2; δίκην ἀξίαν ἐλάμβανεν he suffered just punishment Eur. Bac. 1312; ζημίας κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν εἴληφεν he was punished as he deserved Demosth. 11.11 (but see above, under a); λ. κρίμα to incur divine condemnation NT Mark 12.40, Rom. 13.2

❷ mid.
🄰 to take, grasp with gen. Od. 5.325 Hdt. 9.76.1 Aristoph. Ve. 434 And. 1.126 etc.; λαβόμενος τῆς κεφαλῆς grasping the head Hdt. 4.64.2; λάβεσθε χειρὸς δεξιᾶς clasp his right hand Eur. Med. 899; μου λαβόμενος τῆς χειρός grasping my hand Plat. Ch. 153b | analog. ἀθρόον ἐσιώπησεν ὥσπερ ἑαυτοῦ λαβόμενος he suddenly fell silent, as if taking hold of himself (= controlling himself) Hld. 2.24.1 ‖ to catch, seize hold with gen. ἀρχῆς (of) power Soph. O.C. 373; ἀληθείας (of the) truth Plat. Pol. 309c | analog. τόν γ’ εἴ πως σὺ δύναιο λοχησάμενος λελαβέσθαι if you could lie in ambush and catch him Od. 4.388

🄱 reach: λαβόμενοι τῶν ὀρῶν διαφεύγουσιν ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας reaching the mountains, they fled to Athens Thuc. 3.24.2; Δήλου λαβόμεναι (the ships) having reached Delos Thuc. 8.80.3; λαβέσθαι Σικελίας βουλόμενος wishing to reach Sicily Plut. Cic. 31.6

🄲 extens. to be angry (with s.o.), mistreat, reproach with gen. Hdt. 2.121 δ etc.; σου λάβοιτ’ ἄν τις s.o. might retaliate against you Plat. Leg. 637c

❸ pass.
🄰 to be taken, be seized, be caught Hdt. 1.138 (by illness) Xen. Cyr. 6.1.31 (by love) etc.; τὠμῷ τ’ ἀνδρὶ τῇδε τῇ νόσῳ ληφθέντι my husband, stricken by this evil Soph. Tr. 446; ἐλήμφθη τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῶν σπλάγχνων αὐτῶν their breath was taken from their entrails, of the dead VT Bar. 2.17 | to be taken, be captured, be defeated Hdt. 9.119.2; ληφθῆναι εἰς τοὺς πολεμίους to fall into enemy hands Is. 7.8 etc. ‖ analog. to be possessed or invaded: τῇ Ῥέᾳ by Rhea Luc. Nigr. 37 | to be assumed, in the Incarnation: τὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ μονογενοῦς εἰλημμένον ἄνθρωπον the human form assumed by the onlybegotten One Theod.⁷ Inc. (PG 66.1001A)

🄱 to be caught, be surprised, be discovered, be found Hdt. 2.89.2 Antipho 1.3 etc.; τοιαῦτα … βουλεύσασ’ … καὶ δρῶσ’ ἐλήφθης you have been caught planning and executing such crimes Soph. Tr. 808; ἐλήφθη μοιχός he was caught in flagrant adultery Lys. 13.66

🄲 to be perceived or understood Plat. Rp. 524d etc. ‖ to be taken or considered: ἐς κόρην for a maiden Philostr. Im. 2.32.3 | gramm. to be used: ἐπὶ πρώτου in the first person Ap.⁷ Pron. 78.22 ‖ log. to be assumed or admitted as principle Aristot. APr. 26b 30, al. Philod. Rh. 2.46 Sext. P. 2.89 etc. ‖ extens. to be introduced or initiated: ἐς τὰ τῆς τέχνης into the secrets of the art Hp. Dec. 17

● other pres. λάζομαι, λαζυμαι (see) ‖ Ion. fut. λάψομαι (λάμψομαι Hdt. mss.), Aeol. λά̄μψομαι Alc. 36.9, Dor. 2. sg. λαψῇ, 3. sg. λαψεῖται Stob. 1.20.6.19 | Dor. inf. λαμψεῖσθαι iPSI 901091.19 and λαψεῖσθαι Stob. 1.20.3.12 ‖ aor^t. ἔλλαβον, iter. λάβεσκον | imper. λαβέ, mid. λαβοῦ | inf. λαβεῖν, mid. λαβέσθαι, epic λελαβέσθαι | ptc. λαβών, mid. λαβόμενος ‖ Dor. pf. 3. sg. εἴλαφε [Archyt.] 44.15, Dor. Ion. λελάβηκα, poet. mid. pass. also λέλημμαι, Ion. λέλαμμαι | ptc. εἰληφώς, mid. pass. εἰλημμένος ‖ Dor. aor. pass. ἐλάφθην, Ion. ἐλάμφθην.

λαμβάνω, (ΛαΒ), fut. λήψομαι, ion. λάμψομαι, Her. z.B. 1.199 ; dor. λαψοῦμαι, λαψῇ, Theocr. 1.4, 10 ; λήμψεται, Matth. 10.41 ; – aor. ἔλαβον, ep. auch ἔλλαβον, u. in der iterativen Form λάβεσκον, Her. 4.78 ; imper. λαβέ, u. im med. λελαβέσθαι, Od. 4.388 ; – perf. εἴληφα u. εἴ. λημμαι, ion. λελάβηκα, Her. 3.42, 4.79, 8.122, u. λέλαμμαι, Her.; auch λέλημμαι, bei Aesch. Ag. 850, l.d.  ; Soph. in Cram. Anecd. Ox. 1, p. 268.22 ; Eur. Cycl. 433, Ion 1113 (διαλελημμένον, Ar. Eccl. 10901 ; – aor. pass. ἐλήφθην, ion. ἐλάμφθην, Her.;
nehmen, sowohl freiwillig Gegebenes, als mit Gewalt.
1) fassen, anfassen, ergreifen, χειρὶ χεῖρα λαβεῖν, Il. 21.286 ; so τάδʼ ἐν χεροῖν στέφη λαβοῦσα, Soph. O.R. 913 ; χρυσέαν χείρεσσι λαβὼν φιάλαν, Pind. P. 4.193 ; so λάβε γούνατα, Il. 24.465 ; oft steht neben dem accus. od. auch allein ein genit., den Teil ausdrückend, der angefaßt wird, κόρυθος λάβεν, Il. 3.369 ; Ἕκτωρ μὲν κεφαλῆφιν ἐπεὶ λάβεν, οὐχὶ μεθίει, 16.762 ; ποδῶν, γούνων, 1.407, 18.155 ; τὴν πτέρυγος λάβεν, d.i. er faßte den Vogel am Flügel, 2.316 ; γούνων λαβὼν κούρην, die Jungfrau an den Knien umfassend, wie es Schutzflehende tun, Od. 6.142 ; auch ἀγκὰς λαβέτην ἀλλήλων, sie faßten sich einander mit den Armen, Il. 23.711. Einzeln so auch bei Folgdn, λαβὼν Πολυξένην χερός Eur. Hec. 523, φάσγανον κώπης 543 ; ἔλαβον τῆς ζώνης τὸν Ὀρόντην Xen. An. 1.6.10. Vgl. unten das med. – Häufiger mit dem bloßen accus., ergreifen, fassen, ἔγχος, σκῆπτρον, Soph. Aj. 279, El. 402 ; παῖδα ἐν ἀγκάλῃσι, Eur. Hipp. 1431 ; ἐν χεροῖν δέπας, Hec. 527 ; auch πρᾶγμα ἐς χέρας, 1242, wie δύναμιν, Suppl. 235 ; δόλῳ Φιλοκτήτην, Soph. Phil. 101 ; καὶ νῦν ἄγει με διὰ χερῶν οὕτω λαβών, Ant. 916 ; Ar. Av. 1055 u. sonst. – Auch ἄγραν ποσίν, ergreifen, erreichen, Pind. N. 3.77. – Bes. auch im feindlichen Sinne, ergreifen, packen, Il. 5.159, 11.126, wie Od. 4.388, τὸν εἴ πως σὺ δύναιο λοχησάμενος λελαβέσθαι, auch das med. steht ; Beute machen, rauben, ἐκ πόλιος δʼ ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ λαβόντες Od. 9.41 ; σκῦλα, Soph. Phil. 1431 ; – erwischen, ertappen über der Tat, ποίῳ λαβών σε Ζεὺς ἐπʼ αἰτιάματι Aesch. Prom. 194 ; ζητῶν τὸν αὐτόχειρα τοῦ φόνου λαβεῖν Soph. O.R. 266 ; oft mit darauf folgdm partic., κἂν λάβῃς μʼ ἐψευσμένον, O.R. 461 ; auch pass., δρῶσʼ ἐλήφθης, du wurdest bei der Tat ertappt, Trach. 805 ; im guten Sinne, antreffen, erfinden, οὐκ ἂν λάβοις μου μᾶλλον οὐδένʼ εὐσεβῆ Phil. 1040 ; Ἑλλάδα κακίστην λαμβάνων εἰς παῖδʼ ἐμόν Eur. Herc.Fur. 223 ; μή νυν ἐγὼ ʼν τοῖσι δικασταῖς κλέπτοντα Κλέωνα λάβοιμι Ar. Vesp. 759 ; in Prosa, Her. 2.89, 7.239 ; Plat. Gorg. 488 ; τινὰ ψευδόμενον, Rep. III.389c ; ἐὰν ληφθῇ τις ἐπιβουλεύων Gorg. 473b ; δίκην δοῦναι ὑπὲρ ὧν εἴληψαι πεποιηκώς Din. 1.103 ; Dem. 21.189, u. A. so ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ. – Von der Gottheit, Einen ergreifen, ihn begeistern, Her. 4.79, u. öfter im pass. – Auch von Gemütszuständen, wie von Zuständen des Leibes, bes. krankhaften, sagt man μένος ἔλλαβε θυμόν, Il. 23.468, Ἀτρείωνα δʼ ἔπειτα χόλος λάβε, 1.387, Wut, Zorn erfaßte ihn, u. so oft bei ἄλγος, ἀμφασίη, ἄτη, ἄχος, πένθος, τρόμος, φόβος, wie ἔρως, θαῦμα, ἵμερος, ὕπνος, νόσος u. ä.; auch in Prosa, Her. ἔλαβέ με πόθος, 1.165 ; φθόνος καὶ ἵμερος, 6.137 ; λαμβάνει με δέος, Plat. Legg. III.699d ; ἄχος αὐτὸν ἔλαβε Xen. Cyr. 5.5.6 ; λαμβάνει τὸ στράτευμα ἔνδεια An. 1.10.18. – Aber auch umgekehrt, wie bei uns »Mut fassen«, θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι, Od. 10.461 ; σθένος λ., Soph. El. 334, φόβον, O.C. 729 ; ὀργήν, Eur. Suppl. 1050 ; bes. ἐλπίδα, Hoffnung fassen, Xen. Cyr. 4.6.7 u. sonst. – Uebertr., mit dem Geist erfassen, begreifen, μαιομένων μεγάλαν ἀρετὰν θυμῷ λαβεῖν Pind. Ol. 8.6 ; νόῳ λαβὼν καὶ τοῦτο, im Geiste überlegend, Her. 3.51 u. öfter ; φρενὶ λαβόντες τὸν λόγον 9.10 ; τὸ μάθημα ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ψυχῇ λαβόντα Plat. Prot. 314b ; τῇ διανοίᾳ Parm. 143a ; ταῦτα πάντα λογισμῷ λαβών Rep. VI.496b ; νῷ καὶ διανοήματι Legg. X.898e, wofür Ath. VIII.364a ἐπὶ νοῦν οὐ λαμβάνοντες τὰ εἰρημένα gesagt ist. – Dah. übh. erfassen, wie bildlich Plat. Theaet. 199e gesagt ist τὸν θηρεύοντα τότε μὲν ἐπιστήμην λαβόντα, vgl. 208d, öfter ; vgl. noch τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς τῶν πτερῶν ἀποβολῆς λάβωμεν Phaedr. 246d ; auch Sp., wie Pol. 2.35.8 λαμβάνειν πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν sagt, sich vor Augen stellen, betrachten.
2) daran reiht sich die allgemeine Bdtg einnehmen, erreichen, erlangen, wonach man strebt, κλέος λαβεῖν, Ruhm erwerben, Od. 1.298, wie Eur. El. 1084 ; Soph. Phil. 1331 ; κτῆμα τῆς νίκης, 81 ; ἀλκὴν λάβοις ἂν κἀνακούφισιν πόνων, O.R. 218 ; auch προθυμίαν, φρόνησιν, Trach. 670, Phil. 1078 ; auch ψόγον, Eur. Hel. 852 ; γέλωτʼ ἐν αὐτοῖς μωρίαν τε λήψομαι Ion 600 ; θέαν, Soph. Phil. 652 ; Ertrag, Frucht, Nutzen ziehen von Etwas, οὔτʼ οἶνον οὔτʼ ἄλλʼ οὐδὲν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου Ar. Nub. 1123 ; Xen. Mem. 2.7.2 ; ähnl. τὸ χρήσιμον καὶ τὸ τερπνὸν ἐκ τῆς ἱστορίας λαβεῖν Pol. 1.4.11. – So auch δίκην, ποινάς, Eur. Bacch. 1313, Troad. 360 u. Folgde ; παρά τινος, Lys. 4, a.E.; τιμωρίας, Pol. 37.2.7 (vgl. auch unten 3); – τὴν Ἴδην ἐς ἀριστερὴν χέρα, Her. 7.42, das Idagebirge auf die linke Hand bekommen, so marschieren, daß das Gebirge links liegen bleibt. – Auch geradezu kaufen, λαμβάνειν τι ὀβολοῦ, Ar. Ran. 1236 u. öfter ; πόθεν ἄν τις τοῦτο τὸ χρῖσμα λάβοι ; Xen. Symp. 2.4.
3) freundlich, gastlich aufnehmen, Od. 7.255, vgl. Il. 11.842 ; τὸν ἱκέτην, Soph. O.C. 284.
4) bei den Dialektikern, annehmen für Etwas, als ausgemacht annehmen, Arist. u. Sp. – Dah. = erklären, bestimmen, ὀρθῶς τὸν φιλοκερδῆ Plat. Hipparch. 227c ; – aufnehmen, ἐν χάριτι καὶ δωρεᾷ, als Geschenk mit Dank, Pol. 1.36.6 ; ὀργῇ καὶ φόβῳ τὸ γεγονός, Plut. Alc. 18 ; τοῦτο πρὸς ἀτιμίαν ὁ δῆμος ἔλαβεν, legte es so aus, Cic. 13 ; πρὸς ὀργήν, auch πρὸς ὀργῆς u. ä., vgl. Lobeck zu Phryn. p. 10. – Auch = eine Stelle eines Schriftwerkes auslegen, erklären.
5) annehmen, nehmen, was gegeben wird, nach B.A. 106 nur von Dingen, σκεῦος, nicht ἵππον, ἂψ ὅ γε τὴν ἀπέλυσε λαβὼν ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα Il. 6.427, wie Soph. τῆς θυγατρὸς ἀντίποινα λ. El. 582 ; τερπνᾶς δʼ ἐπεὶ χρυσοστεφάνοιο λάβεν καρπὸν Ἥβας Pind. Ol. 6.57 ; παρʼ οὗπερ ἔλαβον τάδε τὰ τόξα Soph. Phil. 1216 ; καὶ μὴν χάριν γʼ ἂν ἀξίαν λάβοις ἐμοῦ O.R. 1004 ; δῶρον τῶν ἐμῶν χειρῶν λαβών 1022 ; βούλει τῶν ταλάντων ἓν λαβὼν σιωπᾶν Ar. Eq. 439 ; δῶρα λάμψεται Her. 8.10 ; Folgde : παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ ἡδέως ἂν λάβοιμι χρήματα εἰ διδοίη Xen. Cyr. 3.2.28, der τοὺς λαβόντας καὶ δεξαμένους τὰ δῶρα vrbdt, 1.4.26 ; vgl. Dem. 19.139 ; μισθούς, χρήματα, Plat. Gorg. 514a, Rep. VIII.368c ; λαμβάνειν μᾶλλον ἢ διδόναι Thuc. 2.97, u. oft so entgegengesetzt ; vgl. οὐχ ὥς τι δώσοντʼ ἀλλʼ ὅπως τι λήψεται Ar. Eccl. 783 ; auch πιστὰ δοὺς καὶ λαβών, Xen. oft, wie σπονδὰς λαμβάνειν καὶ δεξιάν, Hell. 4.1.29 ; ähnlich ὅρκον, Eur. Suppl. 1188 ; ὅρκον παρά τινος, Einem einen Eid abnehmen, Isae. 2.39 ; – λαμβάνειν τὴν θυγατέρα, die Tochter zur Frau nehmen, Xen. Hell. 4.1.14 ; vollständiger ἢν τὴν θυγατέρα μου γυναῖκα λαμβάνῃς Cyr. 8.4.16 ; διʼ ἡμῶν ἔλαβε τὴν μητέρα σου ὁ πατήρ Plat. Crit. 50d ; γυναῖκα Eur. Alc. 324 ; ähnl. λαβεῖν γάμους I.A. 486 ; – ἐσθῆτα, ein Kleid anlegen, Her. 2.37, 4.78 ; – ὄνομα, einen Namen annehmen, erhalten, Plat. Soph. 267d ; παρά τινος Crat. 409d ; ἐπωνυμίαν Symp. 173d ; – λαμβάνειν τινὰ πίστι καὶ ὁρκίοισι, Einen in Eid und Pflicht nehmen, Her. 3.74 ; – δίκην, Strafe empfangen, erleiden, Her. 1.115 ; auch τὴν ἀξίαν, sc. δίκην, die verdiente Strafe erleiden, 7.39. Aehnl. κακὸν λαβεῖν, Schaden leiden, Xen. Oec. 1.8, Conv. 4.50 ; ὅταν τὸ σῶμα κακόν τι λάβῃ Dem. 18.198 ; πληγὰς εἰληφέναι 54.14 ; Xen. u. A.; bei den Tragg., τοὐπιτίμιον, Aesch. Spt. 1021 ; τοιαῦτʼ ὀνείδη, Soph. O.R. 1494, leiden, λύπην, πημονάς u. ä., συμφοράν, Eur. Med. 43 ; u. im Ggstz genießen, ἄπονον χάρμα, Pind. Ol. 11.23 ; τέρψιν, Soph. Tr. 820, u. ä. öfter bei Eur. u. Folgdn. – Von der Frau empfangen, vollständig ἐν γαστρί, Hippocr. (vgl. κῦμα). – In sich aufnehmen, fassen, enthalten, Pol. 3.107.10.
Med. wie act. sich an Etwas halten, anfassen, c. gen., ἀρχῆς, Soph. O.C. 379 ; χειρὸς δεξιᾶς, Eur. Med. 899, χειρὶ γενειάδος, Andr. 575, πέπλων, Heracl. 48 ; λάβεσθέ μου, λάβεσθε τοῦ σκέλους Ar. Ach. 1214 ; τῆς κεφαλῆς Her. 4.64 ; γονάτων, ἱερῶν, Andoc. 1.19, 2.15 ; καιροῦ, die Gelegenheit benutzen, Isae. 2.28 ; Dem. u. A.; εἴ τίς σου λαβόμενος εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἀπαγάγοι Plat. Gorg. 486a, dich ergreift u. fortführt ; καί μου λαβόμενος τῆς χειρὸς ἔφη Parm. 126a, öfter. – Uebertr., βραχείας ἐλπίδος Pol. 37.2.7 ; τῆς ἀληθείας Plat. Phil. 65b.
Bei Sp. auch = sich an Jemand halten, ihn tadeln, vgl. Plat. Legg. I.637b ; – λαβέσθαι ἑαυτοῦ, an sich halten, sich zurückhalten, Heliod. – Das partic. λαβών steht bes. bei den Attikern oft scheinbar pleonastisch, die Handlung ausführlich u. anschaulich beschreibend, wobei man von Beispielen, wie λαβὼν κύσε χεῖρα, er nahm die Hand u. küßte sie, Od. 24.398 ausgehen kann ; κτεῖναι λαβών Soph. O.R. 641 ; στρατὸν λαβὼν ἔπακτον ἔρχεται Trach. 258. Vgl. Valcken Phoen. 481.

†λαμβάνω

3 sing. aor. ἔλαβε Il. 4.463, Il. 5.328, Il. 17.620, Il. 23.100 : Od. 6.81, Od. 17.326. ἔλλαβε Il. 3.34, Il. 5.83, Il. 8.371, Il. 14.475, Il. 16.599, Il. 24.170, etc. : Od. 1.298, Od. 18.88, 394, Od. 22.71, Od. 24.49. λάβε Il. 1.500, Il. 5.159, Il. 6.166, Il. 11.126, Il. 13.470, Il. 17.695, Il. 20.418, Od. 22.478, etc. : Od. 4.704, Od. 5.428, Od. 8.186, Od. 15.102, Od. 21.148, Od. 22.310, etc.

2 dual λάβετον Il. 10.545.

3 dual λαβέτην Il. 6.233, Il. 23.711.

3 pl. λάβον Od. 15.387.

3 sing. subj. λάβῃ Il. 4.230, Il. 24.480. λάβῃσι Il. 9.324, Il. 21.24, Il. 24.43 : Od. 1.192.

1 pl. λάβωμεν Il. 8.191.

2 pl. λάβητε Od. 10.461.

Opt. λάβοιμι Il. 15.22.

3 sing. λάβοι Il. 16.30 : Od. 9.418.

1 pl. λάβοιμεν Il. 5.273, Il. 8.196.

Imp. λαβέ Il. 1.407, Il. 15.229, Il. 24.465.

3 pl. λαβέτω Od. 21.152.

Pple. λαβών, -όντος Il. 2.261, Il. 6.45, Il. 11.106, Il. 12.452, Il. 13.235, Il. 17.678, Il. 21.286, Il. 23.275, etc.: Od. 6.142, 147, Od. 9.41, Od. 11.4, Od. 15.269, Od. 24.398, etc.

Fem. λαβοῦσα Il. 3.385, Il. 5.853, Il. 21.504 : Od. 7.255, Od. 19.390, 467, Od. 23.87.

Mid. 3 sing. aor. ἐλλάβετο Od. 5.325.

Redup. aor. infin. λελαβέσθαι Od. 4.388.

• • 1

    To grasp, seize, lay or take hold of, lay hands upon : σε Il. 2.261, χερμάδιον Il. 5.302. Cf. Il. 6.233, Il. 10.328, Il. 11.842, Il. 15.22, Il. 17.620 (picked up), Il. 20.418 (pressed them back towards their place), Il. 21.24, Il. 23.100 (it eluded him), Il. 24.465, etc. : Od. 6.81, Od. 8.186, Od. 9.418, Od. 18.394, Od. 19.390, etc.

    In mid. Od. 4.388.

    With genit. : λάβε πέτρης Od. 5.428. Cf. Il. 23.711 : Od. 22.310.

    In mid. : ἐλλάβετο σχεδίης Od. 5.325.

    With genit. of part grasped : τὸν ποδῶν ἔλαβεν (by the feet) Il. 4.463. Cf. Il. 1.407, Il. 2.316, Il. 3.369, Il. 8.371, Il. 18.155, etc. : Od. 6.142, Od. 18.101, Od. 19.480, Od. 22.342, etc.

    So with a form in -φιν: κεφαλῆφιν ἐπεὶ λάβε [νέκυν] Il. 16.762.

    Sim. : πρύμνηθεν ἐπεὶ λάβε [νῆα] Il. 15.716.

  • 2

    To take, capture, seize, make spoil of : ἀσπίδα Νεστορέην Il. 8.191, εἴ πώς εὑ πεφίδοιτο λαβών (making him his prisoner) Il. 20.464. Cf. Il. 5.273, Il. 10.545, Il. 11.106, Il. 21.36 : Od. 9.41, Od. 15.387.

    To catch (a fish) Od. 12.254.

  • 3

    To kill, slay : υἷας Πριάμοιο δύω Il. 5.159. Cf. Il. 8.196, Il. 11.126.

  • 4

    To get hold of, get : [μάστακα] Il. 9.324.

    To take for use, take to oneself : λαβὼν ἐρετμόν Od. 11.121. Cf. Il. 13.235 : Od. 20.300, Od. 21.148, 152, Od. 22.71.

    Sim. : ἑτάρους τε λαβὼν καὶ νῆα Od. 15.269.

  • 5

    In various uses.

  • • a

      To take as one’s due : τὰ πρῶτα Il. 23.275.

    • b

      To take, exact : ἄτοινα Il. 6.247.

    • c

      To win (fame) : κλέος Od. 1.298.

    • d

      To take (out of a receptacle) : δέπας ἐκ χηλοῖο Il. 16.228.

      Sim. : δέπας λάβεν (to make a present of it) Od. 15.102.

    • e

      To make (a meal) : δαῖτα Il. 24.43.

    • f

      To take under one’s care Od. 7.255.–

    • g

      To recover (one’s strength) : εἰς ὅ κεν αὖτις θυμὸν λάβητε Od. 10.461.

  • 6

    Of feelings, bodily or mental states, or the like, to come to or upon, seize, affect, take hold of : Ἀτρεΐωνα χόλος λάβεν Il. 1.387, ὑπὸ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα Il. 3.34. Cf. Il. 4.230, Il. 5.394, Il. 11.402, Il. 14.475, Il. 17.695, Il. 23.468, Il. 24.480, etc. : εὖτʼ ἄν μιν κάματος κατὰ γυῖα λάβῃσιν Od. 1.192. Cf. Od. 4.704, Od. 18.88, Od. 24.49.

    Of death, etc. : τὸν ἔλλαβε θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα Il. 5.83 = Il. 16.334 = Il. 20.477. Cf. Od. 17.326.

  • 7

    In aor. pple. with a finite vb., to take and . . . (cf. ἄγω (I) 9) : ἕλκε γλυφίδας λαβών Il. 4.122. Cf. Od. 9.328, Od. 11.4, 35, Od. 21.359, Od. 23.87, Od. 24.398.

λαμβᾰνω (λαμβάνει; -αν(ε): aor. ἔλᾰβες, ἔλᾰβεν, λᾰβε(ν), ἔλᾰβον; λᾰβε; λᾰβών, -όντα; λᾰβεῖν.)

• • a take up ἀλλὰ Δωρίαν ἀπὸ φόρμιγγα πασσάλου λάμβαν O. 1.18 φέρειν δʼ ἐλαφρῶς ἐπαυχένιον λαβόντα ζυγὸν ἀρήγει P. 2.93 χρυσέαν χείρεσσι λαβὼν φιάλαν P. 4.193 λάμβανέ οἱ στέφανον, φέρε δʼ εὔμαλλον μίτραν I. 5.62 λαβὼν δʼ ἕν[α] φῶ[τ]α πεδά.ς[ (supp. Lobel: sc. Ἡρακλέης) fr. 169. 20. met., τερπνᾶς δʼ ἐπεὶ χρυσοστεφάνοιο λάβεν καρπὸν Ἥβας. assumed O. 6.57 μαιομένων μεγάλαν ἀρετὰν θυμῷ λαβεῖν win O. 8.6 ἄπονον δʼ ἔλαβον χάρμα παῦροί τινες won O. 10.22 [οἴκοθεν μάτευε. ποτίφορον δὲ κόσμον ἔλαβες γλυκύ τι γαρυέμεν (ἔλαχες Bergk e Σ.) N. 3.31] κατερεῖς, πόθεν ἔλαβες ναυπρύτανιν δαίμονα Pae. 6.130
  • b fall upon, seize “αἷμά οἱ κείναν λάβε σὺν Δαναοῖς εὐρεῖαν ἄπειρον” P. 4.48 ἔστι δʼ αἰετὸς ὠκὺς ἐν ποτανοῖς, ὃς ἔλαβεν αἶψα, τηλόθε μεταμαιόμενος, δαφοινὸν ἄγραν ποσίν N. 3.81 met., ὁ μέγας δὲ κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει strikes O. 1.81 Ὑμέναιον, ὃν ἐν γάμοισι χροιζόμενον <Μοῖρα> σύμπρωτον λάβεν whom Death? seized Θρ. 3. 8.
  • c take (to mind) καὶ παλαισμάτων λάβε φροντίδʼ N. 10.22 τὰν Ἀγαμήδει Τρεφωνίῳ θʼ ἑκαταβόλου συμβουλίαν λαβών fr. 2. 3.

λαμβάνω , only aor. 2 act. and mid., ἔλλαβ(ε), ἐλλάβετ(ο), inf. redupl. λελαβέσθαι: take, receive, mid., take hold of; freq. w. part. gen.; sometimes of ‘seizing,’ ‘taking captive,’ Od. 11.4, Il. 11.114; in friendly sense, ‘take in,’ Od. 7.255; met., of feelings, χόλος, πένθος, τρόμος, etc.

λαμβάνω from Root !λαβ

• The orig. sense of the word is two-fold, one (more active) to take, and the other (more passive) to receive
• • Ito take:
  • • 1to take hold of, grasp, seize, Hom., etc.; the part seized in gen., the whole in acc., τὴν πτέρυγος λάβεν caught her by the wing, Il.; γούνων λάβε κούρην Od., etc.:—then, with gen. of part only, ποδῶν, γούνων, κόρυθος λάβεν took hold of the feet, etc., Il.
    • 2to take by violence, seize, carry off as prize or booty, Hom.
    • 3λ. δίκην, ποινάς, Lat. sumere poenas, to exact punishment, Eur., etc.; v. infr. II. 3.
    • 4of passions, feelings, etc., to seize, Hom., etc.; of fever and sudden illnesses, to attack, Hdt., Attic
    • 5of a deity, to seize, possess, τινά Hdt.: of darkness, and the like, to occupy, possess, Aesch.
    • 6to catch, come upon, overtake, as an enemy, Hom., Hdt.: to catch, find, come upon, λ. τινὰ μοῦνον Hdt., etc.: also, to catch, find out, detect, Lat. deprehendo, Hdt.: so Pass., ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρωι εἰλημμένος caught in the act, Ar.
    • 7λ. τινὰ ὁρκίοισι to bind him by oaths, Hdt.
    • 8to take as an assistant, Soph.
    • 9τὴν Ἴδην λαβὼν ἐς ἀριστερὴν χέρα taking, keeping Ida to your left; so, λ. ἐν δεξιᾶι Thuc.
• 10λ. Ἑλληνίδα ἐσθῆτα to assume it, Hdt.
• • • 11to apprehend by the senses, Soph., Plat.:— to seize with the mind, apprehend, comprehend, Hdt., etc.:— to take, i. e. understand, a thing so and so, e. g. a passage of an author, Lat. accipere, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
    • 12to take in hand, undertake, Hdt.
    • 13the part. λαβών is almost pleon., as, λαβὼν κύσε χεῖρα took and kissed, Od.; so in Attic
  • IIto receive:
  • • 1to have given one, to get, gain, win, Hom., etc.:—also in bad sense, λ. ὄνειδος Soph.; θάνατον Eur., etc.
    • 2to receive in marriage, Hdt., Xen.
    • 3λ. δίκην to receive, i. e. suffer, punishment, as we say, to catch it, Lat. dare poenas, Hdt., Eur.: —an unusual sense, v. supr. I. 2.
    • 4λ. ὅρκον to accept an oath as a test, Arist.; λ. λόγον to demand an account, Xen.
    • 5to conceive, Aesch.
    • 6to receive as produce or profit, Ar., Plat.; to purchase Ar.
    • 7to admit of, Pind.
    • 8of persons subject to feelings, passions, and the like, λ. θυμόν to take heart, Od.; so, periphr., λ. φόβον φοβεῖσθαι, Soph., etc.; so, λ. ὕψος ὑψοῦσθαι, Thuc.; λ. νόσον (as we say) "to take a cold, " Plat.; so, αἱ οἰκίαι ἐπάλξεις λαμβάνουσαι receiving battlements, having battlements added, Thuc.
• BMid. to take hold of, lay hold on, c. gen., σχεδίης Od., Hdt., etc.
• • • 2of place, λ. τῶν ὀρῶν to take to the mountains, reach, gain them, Thuc.