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τοίνυν

τοίνυν, τοίνυν, (postpositive) well then; therefore; moreover

τοίνυν, (τοι, νυν)
  • therefore, accordingly, an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν Pi. O. 6.27, etc.; εἰ τ . . . Hdt. 1.57; ἂν τ . . . D. 4.7; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than οὖν), Pl. Chrm. 159d; φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ., Arist. Pol. 1260a2, PA 641a15; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, Pl. Cra. 399b, Isoc. 4.103, etc.
      • 2 in dialogue, to introduce an answer, well or well then, ἄπειμι τ. S. El. 1050, cf. Th. 5.89, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, Pl. Men. 76a, IG 42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, Ar. Nu. 961, etc.; in expression of approval, esp. in phrase καλῶς τ. Pl. Cra. 433a, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. Ar. V. 856; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. Id. Nu. 1236, cf. S. OT 1067.
      • 3 continuing an argument, well then, Pl. Smp. 178d, X. An. 3.1.36, 7.7.28, etc.
        • b resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, Pl. R. 562b, Plt. 275d, D. 47.64, etc.
        • c adding or passing to a fresh item or point, further, moreover, again, Pl. Ap. 33c, D. 8.73, 20.18; ἔτι τ. Hp. VM 19, Pl. Phd. 109a, Cri. 52c, D. 20.8; καὶ τ. X. Cyr. 2.2.25; καί τ. καί Pl. Sph. 234a; μὴ τ. μηδέ . . nay, not even . ., X. An. 7.6.19; οὐ τ. οὐδέ nor again, Hp. Art. 57, D. 20.7.
      • 4 sts. at the beginning of a speech, ἐγὼ μὲν τ . . ., referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, now I . ., X. An. 5.1.2, cf. Cyr. 6.2.14.
      • 5 with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. 1, 2, 3, εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε . . Id. An. 3.1.36, cf. Cyr. 2.4.8, Ev.Luc. 20.25, etc.
  • B Position: in early writers τοίνυν is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as LXX Is. 3.10, Mim. Oxy. 413.225, Ev.Luc. l.c., Ep.Hebr. 13.13, Gal. 2.526, S.E. M. 8.429, AP 11.127 (Poll.), IG 4.620.13 (Argos), Chor. 32.34 F.-R. cod. (<τῷ> add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sts. later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα Alex. 143.1, cf. Ar. Pl. 863, etc. [ῠ regularly, as A. Pr. 760, S. Tr. 71: but sts. ῡ, as Ar. Eq. 1259, Alex. l.c.; in anap., Ar. Nu. 429, 435, Av. 481.]

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