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ἵνα

ἵνα, ἵνα, in order that

ἵνα,
  • A Adv.,
    • I of Place,
      • 1 in that place, there, once in Hom., ἵ. γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι Il. 10.127 (acc.to Eust.).
      • 2 elsewh. relat., in which place, where, 2.558, Od. 9.136, Hdt. 2.133, 9.27, 54, Pi. O. 1.95, B. 10.79, A. Pr. 21, al., S. El. 22, 855, Ar. Ra. 1231, etc.: rarely in Att. Prose, Lys. 13.72 (v. infr.), Pl. Ap. 17c, Phlb. 61b; ἵ. ἡ Νίκη (sc. ἐστίν) IG 2(2).1407.13: rare in later Greek, Arr. An. 1.3.2, Luc. Cont. 22, Ind. 3: with particles, ἵ. τε Il. 20.478; ἵ. περ 24.382, Od. 13.364, Lys. l.c.; ἵνʼ ἄν c. subj., wherever, S. OC 405, E. Ion 315; as indirect interrog., Hdt. 1.179, 2.150, E. Hec. 1008.
        • b after Hom., like other Advs. of Place, c. gen., ἵ. τῆς χώρης Hdt. 1.98; ἔμαθε ἵ. ἦν κακοῦ in what a calamity, Id. 1.213; οὐδʼ ὁρᾶν ἵνʼ εἶ κακοῦ S. OT 367; ἵνʼ ἕσταμεν χρείας ib. 1442; ἵνʼ ἦμεν ἄτης Id. El. 936; ὁρᾷς ἵνʼ ἐσμὲν αὐτοῦ πέρι τῆς ἀπορίας Pl. Sph. 243b.
        • c with Verbs of motion, whither, Od. 4.821, al.; ὁρᾷς ἵνʼ ἥκεις S. OT 687, al., Din. 2.10; ιναπερ ὥρμητο Th. 4.74.
    • II of circumstance, γάμος . ., ἵ. χρή at which, when, Od. 6.27; ἵ. μὲν ἐξῆν αὐτοῖς . ., ἐνταῦθα . . when it was in their power, Antipho 6.9.
      • 2 = ἐάν, dub. in Il. 7.353 (v.l. ἵνʼ ἄν, cf. Sch.), Archil. 74.7 codd., v.l. in Din. 1.1, and Pl. Chrm. 176b.
  • B Final Conj., that, in order that, from Hom. downwards, mostly first word in the clause, but sts. preceded by an emphatic word, Pl. Chrm. 169d; ἵ. δή Il. 7.26, 23.207, Hdt. 1.29, Pl. R. 420e, 610c: never with ἄν or κε (if found, these particles belong to the Verb, as in Od. 12.156, E. IA 1579).
    • I general usage:
      • 1 with subj.,
        • a after primary tenses of ind., also subj. and imper.: pres. ind., Il. 3.252, Od. 2.111, X. Mem. 3.2.3, Cyr. 1.2.11, Isoc. 3.2: pf. ind., Il. 1.203, Isoc. 4.129: fut., Od. 2.307, 4.591, X. Cyr. 1.2.15; subj., S. OT 364; imper., Il. 19.348, al., A. Pr. 61, S. Ph. 880, Ar. Ra. 297, Pl. R. 341b, Men. 71d.
        • b after historical tenses, in similes, where the aor. is gnomic, Od. 5.490 (αὔοι codd.); where aor. is treated as equiv. to pf., Il. 9.99, Od. 8.580, Hdt. 5.91, Lys. 1.4, D. 9.26: when the purpose is regarded from the point of view of the speakerʼs present, σὲ παῖδα ποιεύμην ἵ. μοι . . λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς Il. 9.495, cf. Hdt. 1.29, 6.100, Th. 1.44, al., Lys. 1.11,12, al.
        • c after opt. and ἄν, when opt. with οὐκ ἄν is used with sense of imper., Il. 24.264, Od. 6.58; after βουλοίμην ἄν . ., Lys. 7.12.
        • d after impf. with ἄν, D. 23.7.
      • 2 with opt.,
        • a after historical tenses, Il. 5.3, Od. 3.2, A. Th. 215, Lys. 3.11, Pl. Prt. 314c, etc.: after the historical pres., E. Hec. 11: sts. both moods, subj. and opt., follow in consecutive clauses, Od. 3.77, Hdt. 8.76, 9.51, D. 23.93, 49.14.
        • b after opt., Od. 18.369, S. Ph. 325; βούλοιντʼ ἂν ἡμᾶς ἐξολωλέναι, ἵνα . . λάβοιεν Ar. Pax 413.
        • c rarely after primary tenses, by a shifting of the point of view, Od. 17.250, Ar. Ra. 24, Pl. R. 410c.
      • 3 with past tenses of ind.,
        • a after unfulfilled wishes, Id. Cri. 44d.
        • b after ind. with ἄν, to express a consequence which has not followed or cannot follow, S. OT 1389, Pl. Men. 89b, D. 29.17: esp. after ἐβουλόμην ἄν . ., Ar. V. 961, Lys. 4.3.
        • c after such Verbs as ἐχρῆν, ἔδει, E. Hipp. 647, Pl. Prt. 335c, Smp. 181e, Euthd. 304e, Isoc. 9.5, D. 24.48, Men. 349.5, etc.: whenan unfulfilled obligation is implied, τεθαύμακα ὅτι οὐκ εἶπεν ( = ἔδει εἰπεῖν) . . ἵ . . . Pl. Tht. 161c; ἀντὶ τοῦ κοσμεῖν ( = δέον κοσμεῖν) . . ἵ . . . D. 36.47.
        • d after pres. ind. in general statements (including the past), οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι ἔχει ἡ ὕλη, ἱ. ἀγαθοῦ ταύτῃ μετεῖχεν Plot. 1.8.5.
      • 4 ἵ. μή as the neg. of ἵνα, that not, Il. 19.348, etc.
    • II special usages:
      • 1 like ὅπως, after Verbs of command and entreaty, is common only in later Gr. (but cf. Od. 3.327 with ib. 19), ἀξιοῦν ἵ . . . Decr. ap. D. 18.155; δεήσεσθαι ἵ . . . D.H. 1.83; παρακαλεῖν ἵ . . . Arr. Epict. 3.23.27: freq. in NT, ἐκήρυξαν ἵ. μετανοήσωσιν Ev.Marc. 6.12, al.; of will, ὅσα ἐὰν θέλητε ἵ. ποιῶσιν . . ib. 25: hence ἵ. c. subj. stands for infin., ἐν τούτῳ ἵ. καρπὸν φέρητε ( = ἐν τῷ φέρειν) Ev.Jo. 15.8, etc.; πρῶτόν ἐστιν ἵ. κοιμηθῶ Arr. Epict. 1.10.8, cf. M.Ant. 8.29; also for ὥστε, LXX Ge. 22.14, al., Plu. Alex. fort. 2.333a, Porph. Abst. 2.33, etc.
      • 2 because, ἵ. ἀναγνῶ ἐτιμήθην I was honoured because I read, Anon. ap. A.D. Synt. 266.5, cf. Conj. 243.21, Choerob. in Theod. 2.257, al.; not found in literature.
      • 3 elliptical usages,
        • a where the purpose of the utterance is stated, Ζεὺς ἔσθʼ, ἵνʼ εἰδῇς ʼtis Zeus,— [I tell thee this] that thou mayʼst know it, S. Ph. 989; ἵ. μὴ εἴπω ὅτι οὐδεμιᾷ Pl. R. 507d; ἵ. συντέμω D. 45.5; ἵνʼ ἐκ τούτων ἄρξωμαι Id. 21.43; ἵ. δῶμεν . . granted that . . , S.E. P. 2.34, cf. 1.79.
        • b in commands, introducing a principal sentence, ἵ. συντάξῃς order him . ., PCair.Zen. 240.12 (iii B.C.); ἵ. λαλήσῃς PSI 4.412.1 (iii B.C.); ἵ. ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ Ev.Marc. 5.23,cf. 2 Ep.Cor. 8.7, LXX 2 Ma. 1.9, Arr. Epict. 4.1.41, Did. ap. Sch. S. OC 156.
        • c ἵ. τί (sc. γένηται); to what end? either abs. or as a question, Ar. Ec. 719; or with a Verb following, Id. Pax 409, cf. Pl. Ap. 26d, etc.; ἵ. δὴ τί; Ar. Nu. 1192.
        • d in indignant exclamations, to think that . . ! Σωκράτης ἵ. πάθῃ ταῦτα Arr. Epict. 1.29.16.
    • III in later Gr. with ind., LXX Ex. 1.11, al., Ep.Gal. 2.4, 4.17, etc.

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