Pallas

Pallăs, ădis and ădos, f., = Παλλάς.

• • A Surname of the Greek goddess Athene, and hence of the corresponding Minerva of the Romans, the goddess of war and wisdom; the inventress of working in wool, and of the cultivation of the olive, on which account the olive-tree was sacred to her: Pallas Minerva est dicta, quod Pallantem Gigantem interfecerit, vel, sicut putabant, quod in Pallante palude nata est, Fest. p. 220 Müll.: Pallas . . . Proeliis audax, Hor. C. 1, 12, 20; Ov. M. 5, 263: Palladis ales, the owl, Ov. F. 2, 89: Pallados arbor, the olive-tree, id. A. A. 2, 518; cf.: rami Palladis, Verg. A. 7, 154: iratā Pallade, i. q. invitā Minervā, Ov. F. 3, 826.—
  • B Transf.
  • • 1 Oil: infusā Pallade, Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 4: pinguis, id. H. 19, 44.—
    • 2 The olive-tree: dat quoque baciferam Pallada rarus ager, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 8.—
    • 3 The Palladium: Helenum raptā cum Pallade captum, Ov. M. 13, 99: Pallade conspectā, id. Tr. 2, 293.—
    • 4 The number seven, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6; Mart. Cap. 7, § 738.—
    • 5 For Vesta, because the Palladium stood in the temple of Vesta: Pallados ignes, Prop 4 (5), 4, 45.—
• II Deriv.
• • A Pallădĭus, a, um, adj., = Παλλάδιος, of or belonging to Pallas, Palladian: numen Palladium, i.e. Pallas, Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 12: aegis, of Pallas, Luc. 7, 570: Palladiā gaudent silvā vivacis olivae, Verg. G. 2, 181; latices, oil, Ov. M. 8, 275: corona, an olive-wreath, id. A. A. 1, 727: arx, Troy, Prop. 3, 7 (4, 8), 42: arces, Athens, Ov. M. 7, 399: honores, shown to Pallas, id. H. 17, 133: pinus, the Argo, because built under Minerva's direction, Val. Fl. 1, 475: metus, inspired by Pallas, id. 6, 408: forum, the Roman forum, because there stood a temple of Minerva, Mart. 1, 3, 8: Palladia Alba, because Domitian caused the Quinquatria in honor of Pallas to be annually celebrated there, id. 5, 1, 1; cf. Suet. Dom. 4: Palladia Tolosa, because the sciences flourished there, Mart. 9, 100, 3: manus, i.e. skilful, Stat. S. 1, 1, 5: ars, Mart. 6, 13, 2: lotos, the flute, id. 8, 51, 14.—
  • B Subst.: Pallădĭum, ii, n., the image or statue of Pallas, which, in the reign of Ilus, fell from heaven at Troy, and during the Trojan war was carried off by Ulysses and Diomed, because the fate of the city depended on the possession of this image. It afterwards came from Greece to Rome, where Metellus saved it from the temple of Vesta when the latter was burned down, Verg. A. 2, 166; Sil. 9, 531; Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 29; Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 227; Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24; id. Scaur. 2, 48; Plin. 7, 43, 45, § 141; cf. Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 1 (1063) sq.; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31 (955).

Pallas, antis (voc. Pallā, Verg. A. 10, 411 al.; also Pallas and Pallan, acc. to Prisc. p. 702), m., = Πάλλας,

• the name of several mythic and historical personages.
• • A Son of Pandion, the father of the fifth Minerva, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59; Ov. M. 7, 500.—
  • B A king of Arcadia, the great-grandfather of Evander, Verg. A. 8, 54 Serv.—
  • C Son of Evander, Verg. A. 8, 104.—
  • D One of the giants, Claud. Gigant. 94; Fest. s. v Pallas, p. 220.—
  • E A freedman of the emperor Claudius, proverbial for his wealth; slain by Nero, Plin. Ep. 7, 29; 8, 6; Tac. A. 12, 53; Juv. 1, 109; Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 134.—
• II Derivv.
• • A Pallantēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Pallas (the ancestor of Evander), Pallantian: moenia Pallantea, i. e. of the city of Pallanteum, in Italy (v. in the foll.), Verg. A. 9, 196 and 241: apex, of the Palatine, Claud. VI. Cons. Honor. 644. —
  • • 2 Subst.: Pallantēum, i, n.
    • • a A city in Arcadia, the residence of Pallas, Liv. 1, 5 init.; Just. 43, 1.—
      • b The city founded by Evander in Italy, on the site where Rome afterwards stood, Verg. A. 8, 54; 341.—
  • B Pallantĭăs, ădis, f., Aurora, so called because descended from Hyperion, the uncle of the giant Pallas, Ov. F. 4, 373; id. M. 9, 420.—
  • C Pallantis, ĭdos and ĭdis, f., Aurora (v. Pallantias, supra), Ov. M. 15, 700.—Transf., the day, Ov. F. 6, 567.—
  • D Pallantĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Pallas, Pallantian: Pallantius heros, i.e. Evander, Ov. F. 5, 647.

1. Pallas, adis u. ados, Akk. adem u. ada, Vok. a, f. (Παλλάς), poet. Beiname der Athene der Griechen u. der ihr entsprechenden Minerva der Römer (s. Minervaüber die Göttin), Hor. carm. 1, 12, 20. Ov. met. 5, 263 u.a.: iratā Pallade (= invitā Minervā, s. Minerva), Ov. fast. 3, 826: Palladis ars = lanificium, Ov. ex Pont. 3, 8, 9: arbor, Ölbaum, Ov. art. am. 2, 518 u. Mart. 1, 76, 7: ales, die Nachteule, Ov. fast. 2, 89. – exstincti Pallados ignes, v. Feuer der Vesta (weil das Palladium im Tempel der Vesta stand), Prop. 4, 4, 45. – meton.: a) der Ölbaum, Ov. am. 2, 16, 8. – b) das Öl, Ov. her. 17 (18), 44 u. trist. 4, 5, 4. Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 212 v. 28. – c) das Bild der Pallas, das Palladium (s. unten), Ov. met. 13, 99 u.a. – d) der Tempel der Pallas, Ov. trist. 2, 293. – Dav. abgel. Palladius, a, um (Παλλάδιος), 1) zur Pallas gehörig, palladisch, numen, Pallas, Ov.: ramus, Ölzweig, Verg.: corona, aus Ölzweigen, Ov.: arx, Burg in Athen, wo Pallas verehrt wurde, Prop.: arces, Athen, Ov.: honores, von der Pallas herrührend, angeboten, Ov.: ratis, das Schiff Argo, Ov.: latices, Öl, Ov. – subst., Palladium, iī, n. (Παλλάδιον), das Bild der Pallas in Troja (armiferae signum caeleste Minervae, Ov. fast. 6, 421), das vom Himmel gefallen war und als Unterpfand der öffentlichen Wohlfahrt im Verborgenen aufbewahrt u. verehrt wurde; Ulixes u. Diomedes entwendeten das Bild, weil Troja nicht erobert werden konnte, solange es im Besitze des Palladiums war, Verg. Aen. 2, 164 sqq. – Die Römer behaupteten im Besitze des Palladiums zu sein, das im Tempel der Vesta aufgestellt war, Flor. 1, 2, 3. – 2) appellat. = künstlich, geschickt, ars, Mart.: manus, Stat.

2. Pallās, antis, m. (Πάλλας), I) Sohn des Pandion u. Vater der Minerva, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 59. – II) einer der Giganten, Claud. Gigant. 95. – III) Großvater oder Urgroßvater des Euander, Verg. Aen. 8, 51 u. 54. – IV) Sohn dieses Euander, Verg. Aen. 8. 104 sqq. – Dav. abgel.: A) Pallantēus, a, um, zu Pallas gehörig, pallantëisch, moenia, die Stadt Pallanteum, wo Euander in Italien seinen Wohnsitz hatte, Verg. Aen. 9, 196 u. 241. – subst., Pallantēum, ēī, n. (sc. oppidum), a) eine Stadt in Arkadien, nach Euanders Großvater od. Urgroßvater Pallas so benannt, Liv. 1, 5, 1. Iustin. 43, 1, 6. – b) eine Stadt in Italien, von Euander in der Gegend erbaut, wo später Rom gegründet wurde, Verg. Aen. 8, 54 u. 341. – B) Pallantias, adis, f. (Παλλαντιάς), Aurora, die Morgenröte, als Nachkömmling des Giganten Pallas, Ov. met. 9, 421 u.a. – C) Pallantis, idos, f. (Παλλαντίς) = Pallantias, Aurora, die Morgenröte, Ov. met. 15, 700. – meton. = der Tag, Ov. fast. 6, 567. – D) Pallantius, a, um (Παλλάντιος), zu Pallas gehörig, pallantisch, heros, Euander, Ov. fast. 5, 647.

1 Pallăs, (10) ădis et ădos, f. (Παλλάς), ¶ 1 Pallas ou Minerve : Hor. O. 1, 12, 10 ; Virg. En. 7, 154 ; Ov. M. 5, 263 ; Palladis arbor Ov. Ars 2, 518, lʼolivier ; Palladis ales Ov. F. 2, 89, la chouette ; irata Pallade Ov. F. 3, 823, malgré Minerve ¶ 2 c. Palladium : Ov. M. 13, 99 || le temple de Vesta [où était conservé le Palladium] : Prop. 4, 4, 45 ¶ 3 olivier, olive, huile : Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 4 ; H. 19, 44 ¶ 4 le nombre sept considéré comme vierge parce quʼil est un nombre premier : Macr. Scip. 1, 6 ; Capel. 7, 738.

2 Pallās, (10) antis, m. (Πάλλας), ¶ 1 père dʼune certaine Minerve, tué par sa fille : Cic. Nat. 3, 59 ¶ 2 fils et aïeul de Pandion : Ov. M. 7, 500 ¶ 3 un des Titans ou Géants : Claud. Gig. 94 ; P. Fest. 220 ¶ 4 fils et aïeul dʼÉvandre : Virg. En. 8, 54 ¶ 5 affranchi de Claude : Tac. Ann. 12, 53 ; Juv. 1, 109 ; Plin. 33, 134.

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Pallas

(Πάλλας).

1. A son of Crius and Eurybia, was one of the Titans, and brother of Astraeus and Perses. He was married to Styx, by whom he became the father of Zelus, Cratos, Bia, and Nice. (lies. Theoq. 376, 383; Paus. 7.26.5, 8.18.1; Apollod. 1.2. §§ 2, 4.)

Pallas

2. A son of Megamedes, and father of Selene. (Hom. Hymn. in Mierc. 100.)

Pallas

3. A giant, who, in the fight with the gods, was slain by Athena, and flayed by her. (Apollod. 1.6.2.)

Pallas

4. A son of Lycaon, and grandfather of Evander, is said to have founded the town of Pallantium in Arcadia, where statues were erected both to Pallas and Evander. (Paus. 8.3.1, 44.5.) Servius (Serv. ad Aen. 8.54) calls him a son of Aegeus, and states that being expelled by his brother Theseus, he emigrated into Arcadia; and Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1.33) confounds him with Pallas, the son of Crius.

Pallas

5. According to some traditions, the father of Athena, who slew him as he was on the point of violating her. (Cic. De Nat. Deor. 3.23; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 355.)

Pallas

6. A son of Heracles by Dyna, the daughter of Evander; from her some derived the name of the Palatine hill at Rome. (Dionys. A. R. 1.32.)

Pallas

7. A son of Evander, and an ally of Aeneas, was slain by the Rutulian Turnus. (Verg. A. 8.104, 514, 11.140, &c.)

Pallas

8. A son of the Athenian king Pandion, and accordingly a brother of Aegeus, Nisus, and Lycus, was slain by Theseus. The celebrated family of the Pallantidae at Athens traced their origin up to this Pallas. (Apollod. 3.15.5; Paus. 1.22.2, 28.10; Plut. Twes. 3; Eur. Hipp. 35.) [L.S]

Pallas

(Παλλάς), a surname of Athena. In Homer this name always appears united with the name Athena, as Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη or Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίν ; but in later writers we also find Pallas alone instead of Athena. (Pind. O. 5.21.) Plato (Cratyl. p. 406) derives the surname from πάλλειν, to brandish, in reference to the goddess brandishing the spear or aegis, whereas Apollodorus (1.6.2) derives it from the giant Pallas, who was slain by Athena. But it is more probable that Pallas is the same word as πάλλαξ, i. e. a virgin or maiden. (Comp. Tzetz. ad Lyc. 355.) Another female Pallas, described as a daughter of Triton, is mentioned under Palladium. [L.S].

Pallas

a freedman of the emperor Claudius, and one of his greatest favourites. He was originally the slave of Antonia, the mother of Claudius, and is first mentioned in A. D. 31, when Antonia entrusted to him the responsible commission of carrying a letter to the emperor Tiberius, in which she disclosed the ambitious projects of Sejanus, and in consequence of which the all-powerful minister was put to death. (J. AJ 18.7.6). The name of Pallas does not occur during the reign of Caligula, but on the accession of Claudius, whose property he had become by the death of Antonia, and who had meantime manumitted him, he played an important part in public affairs. Along with Narcissus and Callistus, two other freedmen, he administered the affairs of the empire, but Narcissus had more energy and resolution than the other two, and consequently took the leading part in the government during the early part of Claudius' reign. When they saw that the death of Messalina, the wife of the emperor, was necessary to their own security, Narcissus alone had the courage to carry it into execution [Narcissus] ; Pallas was afraid to take any decisive step. The consequence was, that after the execution of the empress, the influence of Narcissus became superior to that of Callistus and Pallas, but the latter soon recovered his former power. The question now was, whom the weak-minded emperor should marry, and each of the three freedmen had a different person to propose. Pallas was fortunate enough to advocate the claims of Agrippina, who actually admitted the freedman to her embraces in order to purchase his support; and upon the marriage of Agrippina to the emperor in A. D. 50, Pallas shared in the good fortune of his candidate. He was now leagued with the empress in order to oppose Narcissus; and Pallas and Agrippina became the real rulers of the Roman world. It was Pallas who persuaded Claudius to adopt the young Domitius (afterwards the emperor Nero), the son of Agrippina, and he thus paved the way for his accession to the throne. This important service did not go unrewarded. In A. D. 52, Claudius proposed a law in the senate respecting the punishment of women who had intercourse with slaves, and mentioned the name of Pallas as the author of the law, in order that the senate might confer some mark of favour upon him. This was done at the instigation of Agrippina, and the servile body forthwith conferred upon Pallas the insignia of a praetor, and voted him a sum of fifteen millions of sesterces. They even went so far, on the proposition of Cornelius Scipio, as to return thanks to Pallas, because he was willing to be numbered among the servants of the emperor, although descended from the kings of Arcadia! But as Claudius said that Pallas, contented with the honours, would continue in his former state of poverty, they passed a decree, praising for his frugality a freedman who possessed a fortune of 300 millions of sesterces. This decree of the senate was engraved on a brazen tablet, and placed near the statue of Julius Caesar, in one of the most frequented parts of the city, where it was seen in the time of the younger Pliny, who speaks of it in terms of the greatest indignation. (Tac. Ann. 12.53; Plin. Ep. 7.29, 8.6; comp. Plin. Nat. 35.18. s. 58.)

As long as Claudius lived, Agrippina could not be certain of the succession of her son, and accordingly poisoned her husband, doubtless with the connivance and assistance of Pallas, in A. D. 54. Narcissus, who had remained true to the interests of Claudius and his son Britannicus, was also despatched immediately after the death of the emperor, and thus no one any longer stood in the way of Pallas. Agrippina had hoped to govern the Roman world in the name of her son, and Pallas expected to share in her power. But both were soon doomed to a cruel disappointment. Nero speedily became tired of his mother's control, and as one step towards emancipating himself from her authority, deprived her favourite Pallas of all his public offices, and dismissed him from the palace as early as the year 56. In the same year Pallas was accused, together with Burrus, by one Paetus, of a conspiracy to raise Cornelius Sulla to the throne, but being defended by Seneca, according to Dio Cassius (61.10), he was acquitted. From this time he was suffered to live unmolested for some years, till at length his immense wealth excited the rapacity of Nero, who had him removed by poison, in A. D. 63. His enormous wealth, which was acquired during the reign of Claudius, had become proverbial, as we see from the line in Juvenal (1.107), ego possideo plus Pallante et Licinio ; and when the poverty of the imperial treasury was complained of on one occasion in the reign of Claudius, it was said that the emperor would possess an abundance, if he were taken into partnership by his two freedmen, Narcissus and Pallas. (Suet. Cl. 28; comp. Plin. Nat. 33.10. s. 47.) The arrogance and pride of Pallas are specially mentioned both by Tacitus and Dio Cassius, and it is related of him that he never gave any orders, even to his freedmen, by word of mouth ; and that if a nod or a sign with his hand did not suffice, he signified in writing what he wished to be done. In this he seems to have adopted the imperial practice, which was first introduced by Augustus. (Comp. Suet. Aug. 84; Lipsius, ad Ttc. Ann. 4.39.) The brother of Pallas was Antonius or Claudius Felix, who was appointed by Claudius to the government of Judaea, where he committed such atrocities that he was accused by the Jews, and was saved only from condign punishment by the influence of Pallas. [Felix, Antonius.] (Tac. Ann. 11.29-38, 12.2, 25, 53, 65, 13.14, 23, 14.2, 65; D. C. 61.3, 62.14; Suet. Cl. 28, Vitell. 2; J. AJ 20.8.9.)

Pallas

(Πάλλας), the author of a work on the mysteries of the god Mithras (Porphyr. de Abstin. ii. 56, 4.16).

Pallas adis and ados, f

• , Παλλάς, a surname of Athene (identified with the Roman Minerva), V., H., O.: Palladis ales, the owl, O.: Pallados arbor, the olive-tree, O.: iratā Pallade (i. e. invitā Minervā), O.—Oil: infusā Pallade, O.—The olivetree, V., O.—The Palladium: Helenum raptā cum Pallade captum, O.: Pallados ignes, i. e. of Vesta (in whose temple was the Palladium), Pr.

Pallas

(Παλλάς). (1) Pallas Athené. (See Athené.)

(2) Son of the Titan Crius, husband of Styx, father of Niké.

(3) Son of Pandion, who robbed his brother of the dominion of Athens, but was, together with his fifty gigantic sons, slain by the youthful Theseus.

(4) A giant who, according to some traditions, was the father of the goddess Athené, who is said to have slain him when he attempted to violate her (Cic. N. D. iii. 23, 59).

Pallas

A favourite freedman of the emperor Claudius, under whom, in conjunction with Narcissus, he administered the affairs of the Empire. It was Pallas who persuaded Claudius to marry Agrippina, and to adopt Domitius, afterwards the emperor Nero. By Nero he was deprived of his offices in A.D. 56, and owing to his immense wealth, which excited the jealousy of the emperor, he was destroyed by poison in the year 63 (Tac. Ann. xi. 29; xii. 2, 25, 65; xiii. 23). His riches were so great as to become proverbial, as can be seen by the line in Juvenal (i. 107).

Pallas Pallas, a Titan

• Paus. 7.26.12
• husband of Styx: Paus. 8.18.1
• flayed by Athena: Apollod. 1.6.1
• his skin used by her to shield her body in the fight: Apollod. 1.6.1, Apollod. 1.6.2

Pallas(2), daughter of Triton

• wounded by Athena: Apollod. 3.12.3
• her image the Palladium: Apollod. 3.12.3

Pallas (3)

• Libyan and "Palladian" worship: Hdt. 4.189

Pallas (4)

• Athena

Pallas(5), son of Crius and Eurybia

• Apollod. 1.2.2
• father of Victory, Dominion, Emulation, and Violence: Apollod. 1.2.2

Pallas(6), son of Lycaon

• Apollod. 3.7.7, Paus. 8.3.1, Paus. 8.44.5
• founds Pallantium: Paus. 8.3.1
• sacrifices to Pure Gods: Paus. 8.44.6
• and his sons revolt against Theseus: Paus. 1.22.2
• slain by Theseus: Paus. 1.28.10
• image of him: Paus. 8.44.5

Pallas(7), son of Pandion

• Apollod. 3.15.5
• his fifty sons killed by Theseus: Apollod. E.1.11