arx

arcem Capitolii insidebant
they were occupying the citadel of the Capitol

arx , arcis, f.: a citadel, stronghold, fortress, tower, 2.56, et al.; high abode, heaven, 1.250; a summit, height, 1.56; mountain, hill, 6.783; palace, 4.410. (arceō)

arx, arcis, f. [arx ab arcendo, quod is locus munitissimus rubis, a quo facillime possit hostis prohiberi, Varr. L. L. 5, § 151 Müll; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 20; Isid. Orig. 15, 2, 32; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 428; v. arceo],

• a stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, ἀκρόπολις; in Rome, the Capitolium.
• • I.A Lit.: arce et urbe orba sum, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 114 Müll.): optumates, Corinthum quae arcem altam habetis, id. ap. ejusd. Fam. 7, 6: edicite per urbem ut omnes qui arcem astuque accolunt, cives, etc.; Att. ap. Non. p. 357, 14: Illa autem in arcem [hinc] abiit, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 59 (900); so id. Ps. 4, 6, 2 (1064): In arcem transcurso opus est, Ter. Hec. 431: Condere coeperunt urbīs arcemque locare, Lucr. 5, 1107: arcis servator, candidus anser, id. 4, 683: munire arcem, Cic. Pis. 34 fin.: cum Tarento amisso arcem tamen Livius retinuisset, id. de Or. 2, 67, 273: arx intra moenia in immanem altitudinem edita; Liv. 45, 28: arx Sion, Vulg. 2 Reg. 5, 7: arx Jerusalem, ib. 1 Macc. 13, 49: Romana, Liv. 1, 12: Capitolina, id. 6, 20; cf. id. 3, 18: Sabinus arcem Capitolii insedit mixto milite, Tac. H. 3, 69; Suet. Claud. 44 et saep. As the place on which auguries were received (cf. auguraculum): ut cum in arce augurium augures acturi essent, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; so Liv. 1, 18 and 24.—Hence,
  • B Trop., defence, prolection, refuge, bulwark, etc.: Castoris templum fuit te consule arx civium perditorum, receptaculum veterum Catilinae militum, castellum forensis latrocinii, Cic. Pis. 5, 11: haec urbs, lux orbis terrarum atque arx omnium gentium, id. Cat. 4, 6; cf. id. Agr. 1, 6, 18: Africa arx omnium provinciarum, id. Lig. 7, 22: Stoicorum, id. Div. 1, 6, 10: arx finitimorum, Campani, Liv. 7, 29; 37, 18: tribunicium auxilium et provocationem, duas arces libertatis tuendae, id. 3, 45: arx ad aliquid faciendum, id. 28, 3: eam urbem pro arce habiturus Philippus adversus Graeciae civitates, id. 33, 14; Flor. 3, 6, 5: quasi arx aeternae dominationis, Tac. A. 14, 31.—
  • C As the abode of tyrants, a poet. designation of tyranny (cf. Ascon. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5), Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 293 Heins.: cupidi arcium, Sen. Thyest. 342; cf. id. Contr. 4, 27: non dum attigit arcem, Juris et humani culmen, Luc. 7, 593 Corte; cf. id. 8, 490, and 4, 800; Tert. Apol. 4.—
  • D Prov.: arcem facere e cloacā, to make a mountain of a mole-hill, Cic. Planc. 40.—
• II Since castles were generally on a height, meton., a height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (usu. poet. and in Aug. and post-Aug. prose), lit. and trop.
• • A Lit.: summā locum sibi legit in arce, upon the extreme height, Ov. M. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 12, 43. —So,
  • • 2 In partic.
    • • a Of mountains: Parnasi constitit arce, Ov. M. 1, 467: arce loci summā, id. ib. 11, 393: Rhipaeae arces, Verg. G. 1, 240: flērunt Rhodopeïae arces, id. ib. 4, 461: septemque unā sibi muro circumdedit arces, id. ib. 2, 535: primus inexpertas adiit Tirynthius arces, i. e. Alpes, Sil. 3, 496; cf. Drak. ad id. 15, 305; Val. Fl. 3, 565: impositum arce sublimi oppidum cernimus, Petr. 116; cf. id. 123, 205, and 209.—
      • b Of houses built on an eminence, Petr. 121, 107, and 293.—
      • c Of the citadel of heaven: quae pater ut summā vidit Saturnius arce, Ov. M. 1, 163: summam petit arduus arcem, id. ib. 2, 306: sideream mundi qui temperat arcem, id. Am. 3, 10, 21.—
      • d Of the heavens themselves: aetheriae arces, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 19: arces igneae, Hor. C. 3, 3, 10: caeli quibus adnuis arcem, Verg. A. 1, 250; cf. id. ib. 1, 259.—
      • e Of temples erected on an eminence: dexterā sacras jaculatus arces, Hor. C. 1, 2, 3.—
      • f Of the head: arx corporis, Sen. Oedip. 185; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 235.—
  • B Trop., height, head, summit, etc. (rare): celsā mentis ab arce, Stat. S. 2, 2, 131: summae laudum arces, Sil. 13, 771; Sid. Carm. 2, 173: ubi Hannibal sit, ibi caput atque arcem totius belli esse, head and front, Liv. 28, 42: arx eloquentiae, Tac. Or. 10.

arx, arcis, f. (v. Stamme ARC in arceo; vgl. Varr. LL. 5, 151), ein von Natur od. durch Kunst fester, hoher Punkt, der eine Stadt, eine Gegend deckt od. beherrscht, eine feste Höhe, -Anhöhe, -Berghöhe, Feste, Zitadelle, Burg, Zwingburg, griech. ἄκρα, ἔρυμα, I) eig.: A) im engern Sinne: iam montani signo dato ex castellis ad stationem solitam conveniebant, cum repente conspiciunt alios, arce occupatā suā, super caput imminentes, alios viā transire hostes, Liv.: Ianiculum quoque adiectum non inopiā loci, sed ne quando arx hostium esset, Liv.: nocte occupat collem imminentem urbi (Larissam eam arcem vocant), Liv. – v. der Arx von Rom, zunächst die (nördl.) Höhe des kapitol. Berges (j. Höhe von Araceli), dann auch der ganze Berg mit der Burg u. dem Kapitol, vobis (communis patria) arcem et Capitolium commendat, Cic.: ne quis patricius in arce aut in Capitolio habitaret, Liv.: Romana, Liv.: Capitolina, Liv., od. Capitolii, Tac.: Tarpeia, Kapitol, Verg.: dass. arces Tarpeiae, Ov.: u. als Ort, wo die Auspizien angestellt wurden, cum in arce augurium augures acturi essent, Cic.: quia (domus) auguribus ex arce augurium capientibus officiebat, Val. Max. – v. der Arx griech. Städte = ἄκρα, ἀκρόπολις, der höher gelegene u. befestigte Teil einer Stadt, die Akropolis, die Burg, feste Oberstadt, Tarentina arx, Liv.: non est (hoc opus), ut in arce (A. v. Athen) poni possit, quasi illa Minerva Phidiae, Cic.: arx (A. von Korinth) inter omnia in immanem altitudinem edita, Liv.: qui (Salinator) amisso oppido (Tarent) fugerat in arcem, Cic.: potitus est urbis Syracusarum, praeter arcem et insulam adiunctam oppido, Nep. – v. der Arx eines Reiches = erste Festung, Hauptbollwerk, Hauptwaffenplatz, quod Gentius eam (Scodram) sibi ceperat velut regni totius arcem, Liv.: ad caput arcem que regni Pergamum ducit oppugnandam, Liv. – Sprichw., arcem facere e cloaca, aus einer Mücke einen Elefanten machen, Cic. Planc. 95.

B) im weitern Sinne, v. Jupiters Himmelsburg, quae pater ut vidit summā Saturnius arce, Ov.: siderea arx, Ov.: Plur. v. Himmel selbst, aethereae arces, Ov.: igneae arces, Hor. – v. Götterwohnungen, d.i. Tempeln, sacras iaculatus arces, Hor. – v. Städten (vgl. Korte Lucan. 3, 84. Voß Verg. georg. 2, 172. p. 341), Romanae arces, v. Arpi in Apulien, Ov.: arces Bacchi, v. Dionysopolis am Pontus, Ov.: beatae arces, v. Korinth, Hor.: exustae Phocidos arces, v. Phokäa, Lucan. v. Berg- u. Gebirgshöhen (vgl. Drak. Sil. 15, 305. Voß Verg. georg. 1, 240. p. 123), Parnassi arx, Ov.: Plur., Roma septem una sibi muro circumdedit arces (Hügel), Verg.: Rhodopeiae arces, Verg.: inexpertae arces, v. den Alpen, Sil. – v. jedem Gipfel, jeder Spitze (vgl. Drak. Sil. 15, 305), corporis, das Haupt, der Kopf, Sen. poët.; vgl. alta capitis, Claud.: galeae corusca, Stat.

II) übtr.: A) wie unser Burg, Schirmfeste = Hort, Schutz, Schutzwehr, Zuflucht, v. Örtl., haec urbs lux orbis terrarum atque arx omnium gentium, Cic.: templum illud fuit te consule arx civium perditorum, receptaculum veterum Catilinae militum, castellum forensis latrocinii, Cic.: cis Iberum castra Romana esse, arcem tutam perfugium que novas volentibus res, Liv.: tyranni nuper eos (muros) arcem et munimentum sibi, non civitati paraverunt, Liv.: hic locus (forum) est igitur unus, quo perfugiant: hic portus, haec arx, haec ara sociorum, Cic. – v. Pers., ipsam arcem finitimorum, Campanos, adorti, Liv. – v. Abstr., munite communem arcem bonorum, obstruite perfugium improborum, Cic.: consulatum superesse plebeiis: eam esse arcem libertatis, id columen, Liv.: hanc (legem repetundarum) habent arcem, minus aliquanto nunc munitam, quam antea, verumtamen etc., Cic. Vgl. Fabri Liv. 21, 33, 2.

B) = der eigentliche Sitz, Hauptsitz, die Hauptschanze, quae visa species... arcem eam (das Kapitol) imperii atque caput rerum portendebat, Liv.: urbem magnam et in ea parte, quā sita erat, arcem regni Zamam statuit oppugnare, Sall.: v. Pers., ubi Hannibal sit, ibi caput atque arcem totius belli esse, Liv. – v. Abstr., arcem Stoicorum defendis, die Hauptschanze = den Hauptbeweisgrund, Cic.: num potui magis in arcem illius causae invadere? Cic.

C) (von der Arx als hohem Punkte) = Höhepunkt, Gipfel, quae te via... ad summas laudum perduxerit arces, Sil.: celsā mentis ab arce despicis errantes, Stat.: tecum mihi res non est, quod, cum natura tua in ipsam arcem eloquentiae ferat, errare mavis, Tac. dial.: qui (Pollio et Messala) Cicerone arcem iam tenente eloquentiae agere coeperunt, Quint.: Caesar... nondum attigit arcem iuris (der höchsten Gewalt) et, humanum culmen egressus, meruit etc., Lucan. 7, 593.

D) (v. der Arx als dem gewöhnl. Sitz der Herrscher, s. Nep. Tim. 3, 3. Sen. contr. 4 [8], 27. § 1) = Herrschaft, Thron, cupidi arcium, Sen. poët.: evertit arces respectus honesti, Lucan.

arx [CL] 1 citadel, stronghold, castle. b Tower of London. c Heaven. d (fig.) top, eminence, capital, supremacy. e (fig.) authority. arx, faestin GlC A 740; †arbitus [l. arcibus], faestinnum Ib. 808; statuitur ad haec in edito arcis acies, segnis ad pugnam Gildas EB 19; eversa ruunt urbis fastigia fractae, / quae dudum steterant, septenis arcibus amplae Aldh. VirgV 2616; arx, se hihsta wighus Ælf. Gl.; porte sublimes sunt in arce, per quas in aulam poteritis per lapideos gradus descendere Ord. Vit. X 23; hec arax, a towre WW.  b habet ab oriente arcem palatinam maximam et fortissimam W. Fitzst. Thom. prol. 5; s1267 rex ‥ arci †cartate cominus appropinquans Wykes 202.  c civibus angelicis junctus in arce poli (Epitaph. Theodori) Bede HE V 8; quem Deus infidum caeli clamavit ab arce Aldh. CE 2. 5; aethereas lustravit spiritus arces Ib. 12. 27; 14‥ ejus cultores ditet Deus arce polorum Couch. Furness I 22.  d exametri ‥, quod ceterorum omnium arcem et infulas possidet Aldh. Met. 10; Hii, ubi plurimorum caput et arcem Scotti habuere coenobiorum Bede HE III 21 (cf. ib. III 3: Hii ‥ cujus monasterium in cunctis pene septentrionalium Scottorum ‥ monasteriis ‥ arcem tenebat); 961 nos [pastores] ‥ in sullimiore arce ceteris dijudicamur (Lit. Papae) W. Malm. GP I 39; si vehemens calor arcem capitis ‥ invaserit P. Blois Ep. 43. 127B; tandem in arce victorie plene constitutus Gir. EH II 18.  e stat vini quarta quam dat sors arce sub arta [gl.: sub certis regulis] Garl. Mor. Scol. 261. 2 fortification (AS burh). b (w. ref. to burhbote; cf.Bull. IHR XXXI 117–29). 8‥ ad arcem et ad moenia, to burge and to wealle WW; s893 [barbari] arcem fundant in Cantiae fines Æthelw. IV 3 p. 49; s913 ad locum qui Sceargete dicitur venit ibidemque arcem munitam construxit Fl. Worc. 122.  b †680 (c1000) absque trimoda [v. l. †trinoda] necessitate totius Christiani populi, id est arcis munitione, pontis emendatione, exercitu [sic] congestione liberam CS 50; s748 concessit rex Ethelbaldus ut omnia monasteria et ecclesie regni sui a publicis vectigalibus in operibus et oneribus absolvantur, nisi struccionibus arcium [Croyl. 5: archium] vel poncium, que relaxari non solent, contingat Elmh. Cant. 314; 749 (12c) nisi sola quae ‥ edicto regis facienda jubentur, id est instructionibus pontium vel necessariis defencionibus arcium contra hostes non sunt renuenda (Conc. Gumley) CS 178; 770 praeter instructionibus pontium vel necessariis defensionibus arcium contra hostes CS 203; 814 preter arcem et expeditionem pontisque constructionem CS 346; 844 (13c) sine ‥ arcis munitione CS 447; 878 (11c) absque ‥ arcis et pontium structura CS 545; c900 (13c) constructione regalis arcis CS 581; 904 (12c) arcis et pontis constructione et †conductione [? l. conditione] CS 611; 927 (12c) pontis arcis[ve] edificatione CS 660; 931 (12c) pontis arcisve renovatione CS 670; 940 pontis arcisve coaedificatione CS 753; 947 (10c) pontis arcisve instructione CS 820; 955 ruris particulam ‥ ab omni servitio preter arcem, pontem, expeditionem liberam ‥ concessi CS 903; 956 (12c) pontis arcisve restauratione CS 919; 956 (13c) arcis munimen CS 925; 956 (10c) nisi pontis et arcis ‥ juvamine CS 926; 957 (14c) poncium arcisve cooperacione CS 997; †969 (12c) cuncta illius monasterii possessio nullis sit unquam gravata oneribus, ‥ nec pontis et arcis edificamine CS 1228; s1244 nec adeo [reges] libertati dederunt hujusmodi possessiones quin tria sibi reservarent, ‥ viz. expeditionem, pontis et arcis reparationes vel refectiones M. Par. Maj. IV 312.

arx, (8) arcis, f. (arceo, cf. Varro L. 5, 151), ¶ 1 citadelle, forteresse : Cic. de Or. 2, 273 ; Cæs. C. 2, 19, 5 ; Sall. J. 67, 1 ; Nep. Pel. 1, 2 || = le Capitole : Cic. Off. 3, 66 ; Fam. 1, 9, 8 ¶ 2 [poét.] = place forte, ville : Virg. En. 3, 291 ; 4, 260 ¶ 3 [fig.] citadelle, défense, protection : utitur hac lege, communi arce sociorum Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 17, il invoque cette loi, citadelle commune des alliés, cf. Verr. 2, 5, 126 ; Sest. 85, etc. ¶ 4 [poét.] lieu élevé, hauteur : a) Virg. G. 1, 240, etc. ; beatæ arces Hor. O. 2, 6, 22, les hauteurs fortunées : arces igneæ Hor. O. 3, 3, 10, les hauteurs de lʼEmpyrée ; b) les collines de Rome : Virg. G. 2, 535 ; En. 4, 234 ; 6, 783 ; c) cime, faîte : Parnasi Ov. M. 1, 467, le sommet du Parnasse, cf. Prop. 3, 15, 25 ; [fig.] Tac. D. 10 ; Quint. 12, 11, 28.

arx , cis. f.
礮臺。Septem arces 連七山。Arcem ex cloaca facere 虛讚类。— capitis 頭頂。— sociorum 賊窩。 同伴之避所。Arces sacrae 各廟。

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arx arcis (plur.only nom.and acc.), f

• ARC-, a castle, citadel, fortress, stronghold: (montem) murus arcem efficit, Cs.: munire arcem: arcem tradunt, N.: hostium, L.— In Rome, prop., the southwest summit of the Capitoline hill; in gen., the Capitoline hill, the Capitol: arcem habere, L.: de arce captā nuntii, L.; where auguries were taken: deductus in arcem, L.; often with Capitolium, C.—Plur., of the seven hills of Rome: beatae, H.— Poet.: me in arcem ex urbe removi, refuge(i. e. his villa), H.— Prov.: arcem facere e cloacā, a mountain of a molehill.—Poet.: summā in arce, at the very top, O.: Parnasi, O.: Quae pater ut summā vidit Saturnius arce, O.: caeli quibus adnuis arcem, V.: Dexterā sacras iaculatus arces, H.—Fig., a protection, refuge, bulwark: omnium gentium: arces libertatis tuendae, L.: caput atque arcem totius belli, head and front, L.: legis.

ARX

ARX(ἄκραsignified a height within the walls of a city, but which was never closed by a wall against the city in earlier times, and very seldom in later times. The same city may have had several arces, as was the case at Rome; and hence Virgil says with great propriety (Georg. 2.535):--Septemque una sibi muro circumdedit arces.

As, however, there was generally one principal height in the city, the word arx came to be used as equivalent to acropolis[ACROPOLIS]. (Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. note 411.) Where the position of a city was not mainly fixed by commercial considerations (as in the case of Rome itself), a settlement naturally grew around a rock well adapted to become an arx. This is especially observable in the ancient cities of Central Italy,--for instance of the Sabines, Volscians, and Hernicans,--which often grew up round an almost inaccessible fastness. At Rome one of the summits of the Capitoline Hill was especially called Arx, but which of them was so called was formerly a subject of great dispute among Roman topographers, the German school for the most part placing the Arx on the north-eastern summit (Ara Caeli), and the Capitolium on the south-western (Palazzo Caffarelli), while the Italians generally transposed their positions. Of late, however, the German view is conclusively established, even in the judgment of the Italians themselves. (See the arguments in Burn, Rome and the Campagna, p. 185 ff.: and compare Middleton, Anc. Rome in 1885, p. 226; Lanciani, in Bull. Comm. Arch. Rom. 1875, 3. p. 165.) Within Rome the Arx was the regular place for taking the auspices (Liv. 1.18, 10.7-Z2); outside the walls the auspex turned towards it, if in sight (id. 4.18). The spot in the Arx whence they were taken, probably an elevated platform at the very summit of it, was called auguraculum; it commanded a wide prospect to the east, which was not allowed to be obstructed (Cic. de Off. 3.1. 6, § 66). The gloss of Paulus Diaconus that (auguraculum was an ancient name for the Arx itself is almost certainly a mistake (Fest. p. 18 M.; cf. Burn, l. c. p. 195). The auguraculum appears to have been transferred by Augustus to the Palatine; the Notitia (of the 4th century) mentions it in the Regio Palatina under the name auguratorium (Middleton, pp. 86, 235).

[W.S] [J.H.F]

Arx

(ἄκρα). A height within the walls of a city. The same city could have several arces, as was the case with Rome; but, as there was generally one principal arx, the word came to be equivalent to Acropolis (q.v.). At Rome one of the summits of the Capitoline Hill was especially known as the Arx, the German school of topography placing it on the northeast summit (Arx Caeli) and the Capitolium (q.v.) on the southwest (Palazzo Caffarelli). At Rome the Arx was the regular place for taking the auspices (Livy, i. 18; x. 7); outside the wall the haruspex turned towards it if it was in sight (Livy, iv. 18). See Haruspex.