Sosigenes
- a famous astronomer employed by Julius Caesar in reforming the calendar, Plin. 3, 8, 6, § 39; 18, 25, 57, § 211 sqq.
(Σωσιγένης).
1. An officer who commanded the Phoenician fleet, which had been assembled by Eumenes to make head against his rivals in B. C. 318. The fleet had arrived at Rhosus, where it was detained by contrary winds, when that of Antigonus suddenly arrived, adorned with garlands and other triumphal ornaments, from its recent victory at the Hellespont. Sosigenes himself was on shore, and was unable to restrain the crews, who immediately declared in favour of Antigonus, and joined the hostile fleet. (Polyaen. 4.6.9.)
2. (Perhaps identical with the preceding.) A friend of Demetrius Poliorcetes, who was one of the few that still remained with him in his retreat and wanderings after his last defeat by Seleucus, B. C. 286. He had preserved 400 pieces of gold, which he now offered to Demetrius as a last resource, and with this supply the king endeavoured to reach the coast, but was intercepted by the detachments of Seleucus, and compelled to surrender at discretion. (Plut. Demetr. 49.)
3. A Rhodian by birth, but who appears to have held a magistracy among the Achaeans, whom he persuaded to pass a decree abolishing all the honours which had been paid to Eumenes, king of Pergamus. (Plb. 28.7; and Schweigh. ad loc.) [E.H.B]
(Σωσιγένης), the peripatetic, the astronomer employed by Julius Caesar to superintend the correction of the calendar (B. C. 46), is called an Egyptian, but may be supposed to have been an Alexandrian Greek. With the exception of certain allusions to him by name, which simply confirm the fact that he was considered a skilful astronomer, nothing can be found concerning him. The most definite of them is that of Simplicius, who says he wrote on astronomy. A sentence of Pliny (Plin. Nat. 2.8) is interpreted by Weidler as implying that Sosigenes maintained the motion of Mercury round the sun. Riccioli and others represent that he remained at Rome until the time of Augustus, and aided in the final establishment of the calendar according to the intention of Julius. But it must be clear that if Sosigenes had remained at Rome, the Augustan correction never could have been needed : the leap-year would never have been made a triennial intercalation under the eye of the astronomer himself. Nevertheless, Pliny (Plin. Nat. 18.25) mentions the Augustan correction, most probably, as if it had been a correction of the theory of the calendar, arising out of the further investigations of Sosigenes himself : his words are " ea ipsa ratio postea comperto errore correcta est, ita ut duodecim annis continuis non intercalaretur .... et Sosigenes ipse tribus commentationibus, quanquam diligentior esset ceteris, non cessavit tamen addubitare, ipse semet corrigendo." According to our view of this passage the tres commentationes are of the three occasions on which, during the time of Augustus, an intercalation had to be omitted : Pliny seems to make each of them a separate interference of Sosigenes (whom he may seem to keep alive at Rome for the purpose) for the correction of his period. And Weidler, in doing honour to the astronomer for his candour and caution, seems to follow Pliny. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 34; Weidler, Histor. Astron. p. 151.) [A. De M.]
(Σωσιγένης). The Peripatetic philosopher, was the astronomer employed by Iulius Caesar to superintend the correction of the calendar (B.C. 46). See calendarium.
- Paus. 8.31.7