Styx

Styx , Stygis, f.: the Styx, the river of Hades which encompassed the final abode of the dead, 6.439, et al. ("the hateful")

Styx, ygis and ygos, f., = Στύξ.

• A fountain in Arcadia, the icy-cold water of which caused death, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 231; Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 1; Vitr. 8, 3, 16; Just. 12, 14, 7; Curt. 10, 10, 17.—
• II In mythology, a river in the infernal regions, by which the gods swore, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 43; Verg. G. 4, 480; Ov. M. 12, 322; id. A. A. 1, 635; Sil. 13, 570; Stat. Th. 8, 30; id. Achill. 1, 269 al.— Hence, poet., the infernal regions, the lower world, Verg. G. 1, 243; Ov. M. 10, 13; id. P. 4, 8, 60; id. Tr. 5, 2, 74; Mart. 4, 60, 4; and for poison: miscuit undis Styga Sidoniis, Sen. Oedip. 163.—Hence,
• • • 1 Stygĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Styx, Stygian; and poet., of or belonging to the lower world, infernal: palus, Verg. A. 6, 323: aquae, id. ib. 6, 374: torrens, Ov. M. 3, 290: cymba, i. e. of Charon, Verg. G. 4, 506; so, carina, id. A. 6, 391: Juppiter, i. e. Pluto, id. ib. 4, 638; cf. id. ib. 6, 252: frater, id. ib. 9, 104: Juno, i.e. Proserpine, Stat. Th. 4, 526: canes, Luc. 6, 733: manes, Val. Fl. 1, 730: umbrae, Ov. M. 1, 139.—Hence, poet., deadly, fatal, pernicious, awful, etc.: vis, Verg. A. 5, 855; cf. nox, i. e. death, Ov. M. 3, 695: bubo, id. ib. 15, 791 et saep.—*
    • 2 Stygĭālis, e, adj., Stygian: sacra, Verg. Cir. 373.

Styx, Stygis u. Stygos, Akk. Stygem u. Styga, f. (Στύξ), I) eine Quelle in Arkadien, deren eiskaltes Wasser giftig und korrosiv war, Sen. nat. qu. 3, 25, 1. Curt. 10, 10 (31) 17 (Akk. -gem); vgl. Vitr. 8, 3, 16 (wo griech. Στυγος ὕδωρ). – II) in der Sage: 1) = ein Gewässer der Unterwelt, bei dem die Götter den heiligsten und unverletzlichsten Eid schwuren, Verg. georg. 4, 480; Aen. 6, 154 (Genet. -gis). Ov. met. 12, 322; art. am. 1, 635 (Akk. -ga). Stat. Ach. 1, 269 (griech. Genet. -gos): deierare per Stygis maiestatem (von den Göttern), Apul. met. 6, 15. – 2) (poet.) meton.: a) = Unterwelt, Verg. georg. 1, 243. Ov. met. 10, 13. Mart. 4, 60, 4. (Akk. -ga). – b) = Gift, Sen. Oed. 163 (Akk. -ga). – Dav.: A) Stygiālis, e, zum Styx gehörig, stygialisch, sacra, Ps. Verg. Cir. 373. – B) Stygius, a, um (Στύγιος), zum Styx, zur Unterwelt gehörig, stygisch, unterirdisch, palus, der See Styx, Verg. u. Lact.: Iuppiter od. frater od. rex, Pluto, Verg.: Iuno, Proserpina, Stat.: cymba od. carina, Charons Kahn, Verg.: per Stygias aquas deierare, Apul. – dah. a) höllisch = greulich, tödlich, schädlich, traurig, bubo, Ov.: os (sc. serpentis), Ov.: vis, Verg.: frigus, die Kälte des Todes, Sil.: color, Totenfarbe, Sil. – b) magisch, zauberisch, carmen, Lucan.: religio, Sil.

Styx [CL], Styx, the river of the underworld. b (the Christian) Hell. atram apud inferos ~gem Lib. Monstr. III 13; advenit caligo Stigis dimissa profundo (Vers.) H. Hunt. HA VIII 12; Stix, primus fluvius inferni WW.  b a984 sed eum Annaniae et Saphirae una Stix porrigine hejulantem crucians complectatur (Æthelwold Ch.) Conc. Syn. 126.

Styx, (11) ўgis et ўgos, f. (Στύξ), le Styx ¶ 1 fontaine dʼArcadie, dont lʼeau était mortelle : Plin. 2, 231 ; Sen. Nat. 3, 25, 1 ¶ 2 fleuve des enfers, par qui juraient les dieux : Cic. Nat. 3, 43 ; Virg. G. 4, 480 || les enfers : Virg. G. 1, 243 ; Ov. M. 10, 13 || -ўgĭus, a, um, du Styx, des enfers : Virg. En. 6, 323 ; Ov. M. 1, 139 || fatal, pernicieux, funeste : Virg. En. 5, 855.

styx, ygis. f.
水泉名。地獄之湖。

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Styx ygis and ygos, f

• , Στύξ, a river of the infernal regions, C., V., O.—Poet., the infernal regions, lower world, V., O.

STYX

STYX(Στύξ), a waterfall descending from a lofty rock in the Aroanian mountains, above Nonacris, a town in the NE. of Arcadia, in the district of Pheneus. The water descends perpendicularly in two slender cascades, which, after winding among a labyrinth of rocks, unite to form a torrent that falls into the Crathis. It is by far the highest waterfall in Greece; the scenery is one of wild desolation; and it is almost impossible to climb over the rocks to the foot of the cascade. The wildness of the scenery, the inaccessibility of the spot, and the singularity of the waterfall made at an early period a deep impression upon the Greeks, and invested the Styx with superstitious reverence. It is correctly described by both Homer and Hesiod. The former poet speaks of the down-flowing water of the Styx(τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, Il. 15.37), and of the lofty torrents of the Styx(Στυγὸς ὕδατος αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα, Il. 8.369). Hesiod describes it as a cold stream, which descends from a precipitous lofty rock(ὕδωρ ψυχρὸν ὅ τ' ἐκ πετρῆς καταλείβεται ἠλιβάτοιο ὑψηλῆς, Theog. 785), and as the perennial most ancient water of the Styx, which flows through a very rugged place(Στυγὸς ἄφθιτον ὕδωρ ὠγύγιον, τὸ δ' ἵησι καταστυφέλου διὰ χώρου, Theog. 805). The account of Herodotus, who does not appear to have visited the Styx, is not so accurate. He says that the Styx is a fountain in the town Nonacris; that only a little water is apparent; and that it dropt from the rock into a cavity surrounded by a wall (6.74). In the same passage Herodotus relates that Cleomenes endeavoured to persuade the chief men of Arcadia to swear by the waters of the Styx to support him in his enterprise. Among the later descriptions of this celebrated stream that of Pausanias (Paus. 8.17.6) is the most full and exact. Not far from the ruins of Nonacris,he says, is a lofty precipice higher than I ever remember to have seen, over which descends water, which the Greeks call the Styx.He adds that when Homer represents Hera swearing by the Styx, it is just as if the poet had the water of the stream dropping before his eyes. The Styx was transferred by the Greek and Roman poets to the invisible world [see Dict. of Gr. and Rom. Biogr. and Myth. art. STYX]; but the waterfall of Nonacris continued to be regarded with superstitious terrors; its water was supposed to be poisonous; and it was believed that it destroyed all kinds of vessels, in which it was put, with the exception of those made of the hoof of a horse or an ass. There was a report that Alexander the Great had been poisoned by the water of the Styx. (Arrian, Arr. Anab. 7.27; Plut. Alex. 77, de Prim. Frig. 20. p. 954; Paus. 8.18.4; Strab. 8. p. 389; Aelian, H. An. 10.40; Antig. Hist. Mirab. 158 or 174; Stob. Ecl. Phys. 1.52.48; Plin. Nat. 2.103. s. 106, 30.16. s. 53, 31.2. s. 19;Vitr. 8.3; Senec. Q. N. 3.25.) The belief in the deleterious nature of the water continues down to the present day, and the inhabitants of the surrounding villages relate that no vessel will hold the water. It is now called τὰ Μαυρανέρια, or the Black Waters, and sometimes τὰ Δρακο-νέριαor the Terrible Waters. (Leake, Morea, vol. 3. p. 160, seq.; Fiedler, Reise durch Griechenland, vol. 1. p. 400, who gives a drawing of the Styx; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. 1. p. 195.)

Styx

(Στύξ). A name connected with the verb στυγέω, to hate or abhor, and applied to the principal river in the nether world, around which it flows seven times. (Il. ii. 755; Verg. Aen. vi. 439.) Styx is described as a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. As a nymph she dwelt at the entrance of Hades, in a lofty grotto which was supported by silver columns. As a river, Styx is described as a branch of Oceanus, flowing from its tenth source; and the river Cocytus again is a branch of the Styx. By Pallas, Styx became the mother of Zelus, Niké, Bia, and Cratos. She was the first of all the immortals who took her children to Zeus, to assist him against the Titans; and, in return for this, her children were allowed forever to live with Zeus, and Styx herself became the divinity by whom the most solemn oaths were sworn. When one of the gods had to take an oath by Styx, Iris brought a cup full of water from the Styx, and the god, while taking the oath, poured out the water.

Styx Styx, daughter of Ocean

• Paus. 8.18.1ff.; Apollod. 1.2.1
• mother of Victory, etc., by Pallas: Apollod. 1.2.2
• mother of Persephone by Zeus: Apollod. 1.3.1

Styx (2), water in hell

• Paus. 8.18.3
• waterfall of: Paus. 8.17.6, Paus. 8.18.2-4
• flows from a rock in Hades: Apollod. 1.2.2
• oath by: Paus. 8.18.2
• Zeus ordains oaths by the water of: Apollod. 1.2.2
• deadly character of its water: Paus. 8.18.4-6
• the water of, a mountain stream in Arcadia, supposed to communicate with the world of the dead; oath there administered by Cleomenes: Hdt. 6.74