cardo

cardō, inis, m.: a hinge, pivot, 1.449; the socket in which the pivot plays, 2.493; (fig.), a turning point, crisis, emergency, 1.672.

cardo, ĭnis, m. [cf. κράδη, a swing; κραδαίνω, to swing, wave; Sanscr. kurd, a spring, a leap; old Germ. hrad, lively, and Germ. reit in bereit, ready] (f., Gracch. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P.; Graius ap. Non. p. 202, 20; cf. infra in Vitr.),

• the pivot and socket, upon which a door was made to swing at the lintel and the threshold, the hinge of a door or gate, Enn. Trag. 119 Vahl.: paene ecfregisti foribus cardines, Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 6 (1026); id. As. 2, 3, 8 (388): postis a cardine vellit Aeratos, Verg. A. 2, 480: cardo stridebat, id. ib. 1, 449; cf. id. Cir. 222: num muttit cardo? Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 94 (94): immoti, Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 230: singuli, id. 36, 15, 24, § 117: facili patuerunt cardine valvae, Juv. 4, 63: versato cardine Thisbe Egreditur, opening the door, Ov. M. 4, 93; cf. Verg. A. 3, 448: nec strepitum verso Saturnia cardine fecit, Ov. M. 14, 782 al.—
• • B Meton.
  • • 1 Cardines, in mechanics, beams that were fitted together; and specifically, cardo masculus, a tenon, Vitr. 9, 6, and cardo femina, a socket, a mortise, id. 9, 6: cardo securiclatus, axeshaped tenon, a dovetail, id. 10, 15, 3.— Hence,
    • • b In garlands, the place where the two ends meet, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—
    • 2 In astron., the point about which something turns, a pole. So of the North pole: caeli, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4: mundi, Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 89; cf.: extremusque adeo duplici de cardine vertex Dicitur esse polus, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 41, 105; Ov. P. 2, 10, 45; Stat. Th. 1, 349: cardo glacialis ursae, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1139: Arctoae cardo portae, Stat. Th. 7, 35; hence anal. to this, with the agrimensores, the line limiting the field, drawn through from north to south, Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 326; 17, 22, 35, § 169; cf. Fest. s. v. decimanus, p. 71 Müll., and accordingly the mountain Taurus is called cardo, i. e. line or limit, Liv. 37, 54, 23; cf. id. 40, 18, 8; 41, 1, 3.—Of the four cardinal points of the world, Quint. 12, 10, 67; so, Hesperius Eous, Luc. 5, 71; Stat. Th. 1, 157: occiduus, Luc. 4, 672: medius, id. 4, 673.— Of the earth as the centre of the universe, acc. to the belief of the ancients, Plin. 2, 64, 64, § 160; 2, 9, 6, § 44.—Of the intersection of inclined surfaces: reperiuntur (aquae) ... quodam convexitatis cardine aut montium radicibus, Plin. 31, 3, 26, § 43.—Of the summer solstice: anni, Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 264; and so of the epochs of the different seasons: temporum, id. 18, 25, 58, § 218; 18, 25, 59, § 220.—Hence, of the time of life: extremus, old age, Luc. 7, 381.—
• II Trop., that on which every thing else turns or depends, the chief point or circumstance (so not before the Aug. per.): haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum, at such a turn of affairs, so great a crisis, in so critical a moment, decisive, Verg. A. 1, 672 (hoc est in articulo, Serv.; cf. Isid. Orig. 15, 7, 6; Gr. ἀκμ): fatorum in cardine summo, Stat. Th. 10, 853: litium. Quint. 12, 8, 2: causae, id. 5, 12, 3: satellitem in quo totius dominationis summa quasi quodam cardine continetur, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 5: unum eligamus in quo est summum ac principale, in quo totius sapientiae cardo versatur, Lact. 3, 7, 6.

cardo, dinis, m. (vgl. κραδάω, κραδαίνω schwenken, u. κράδη, die Schwungmaschine im Theater), das Dreh-, Wendeding, I) eig.: A) als t. t. der Mechanik, die Türangel, aerei, Ps. Verg.: aurei, Vulg.: cardinum turbines tardi, Varr. fr.: confectores cardinum, Lucil. fr.: cardines immoti, Plin.: cardines effringere, Plaut.: vecte atque ancipiti ferro effringere cardines, Lucil. fr.: cardines frangere et funditus evellere, Apul.: cardinem versare, die Tür aufmachen, Ov.: so auch cadinem vertere, Verg. u. Ov. – Die Türangeln der Alten waren anders als bei uns: die untere war nur ein Zapfen, der sich in einer Höhlung (Mutter) herumdrehte, wie bei uns an den Scheunentoren usw.; dah. cardines a) die Balken, die ineinander gezapft werden u. zwar c. masculus, bei Zapfen, c. femina, die Pfanne, Vitr. – b) die beiden zusammengebundenen Enden eines Krankes, Plin. 21, 18. – B) als t. t. der Astronomie, der Punkt, um den sich etwas dreht, der Wendepunkt, c. caeli, der Nordpol, Varr.: cardines mundi, die Erdachsen, Nord- u. Südpol, Col. u. Plin.: u. so cardo duplex, die doppelte Erdachse, Cic. poët.: dah. ihm analog, die auf den Äckern von Süden noch Norden gezogene Linie (Ggstz. limes decumanus, die von Osten nach Westen gezogene), Plin.: u. hiernach heißt der Berg Taurus cardo (Scheidelinie, Demarkationslinie), Liv. 37, 54, 23, u. die Stadt Ankona, Liv. 41, 1, 3. – von den einzelnen Weltgegenden, Himmelsgegenden, quattuor mundi cardines, Quint. 12, 10, 67: c. meridianus, occidentalis, septentrionalis, Veget. mil. 4, 38: cardo frigoris (die kalte Zone) et septentrio, Arnob. 4, 5: omnes illius cardinis populi, Flor. 4, 12, 4. – v. der Erde nach der Meinung der Alten als Mittelpunkt des Weltalls, Plin. – v. Sommersolstitium, c. anni, Plin. – v. den Abschnitten der einzelnen Jahreszeiten, c. temporum, Plin.: dah. von den Lebensaltern, c. extremus, das Greisenalter, Lucan. – II) übtr., der Haupt- u. Wendepunkt, um den sich alles dreht, der Hauptumstand (s. Bünem. Lact. 2, 8, 55 u. 3, 7, 66), haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum, Verg.: quorum nihil refert, ubi litium cardo vertatur, Quint.: in quo totius sapientiae cardo versatur, Lact..: in quo totius dominationis summa quasi quodam cardine versabatur, Val. Max.: hic est ergo cardo rerum; hic vertuntur omnia, Lact.: hic nostri velut cardo sermonis, Augustin.: hic causae cardinem ponit, Quint.: ventum est ergo, dum loquimur, ad ipsum articulum causae, ventum rei ad cardinem, Arnob.: sed tantae rei cardiaem in arte tua nondum videbam, Augustin.: exaudiens cardinem desiderii eius, Augustin.: cardine summo verti, in der größten Gefahr sein, Val. Flacc. – ➳ cardo als fem., Gracch. tr. 1 u. 2. p. 230 R.

1 cardo [CL] 1 hinge. b threshold, doorway, door-post. c threshold (fig.), boundary. d beginning. ~o, heor GlC C 247; sed audio ~inem Map NC III 2 p. 109; valve ‥ ~inibus ‥ muniantur Neckam Ut. 110; Wallingf. Rect. 343 (v. 1 coxa 2); 14‥ hic ~o, ‥ a har of a dore, ‥ hec ~o, a durherre WW; 1505 pro j ~ine ad hostium; ‥ pro j ~ine ad fenestram Cant. Coll. Ox. II 243 (cf. Building in Eng. 295).  b ima turrium edito ~ine evulsarum Gildas EB 24; 10‥ ~o, staðul WW; ~ines janue utraque apprehendit manu W. Dan. Ailred 22; 1482 sub quodam ~ine cujusdam capelle ‥ vulgaliter nuncupato a threshold ‥ foderunt Pat 549 m. 20.  c 1381 celi non intret cardines / qui ponit tot caligines (In Lollardos 22) Pol. Poems I 238; dum tandem fuimus in ~ine lucis, et tenebre intercepissent nos et ipsos G. Hen. V 12.  d 1242 ad ~inem jejunii quadragesimalis RGasc I 95 (cf. CalPat 350). 2 celestial axis or pole. b cardinal point. c summit. d eminence. e hierarchy. f (w. ref. to cardinals) cf. cardinalis 3. passim orbis per marginem / ad usque celi cardinem (Æthelwald) Carm. Aldh. 4. 30; vesper erat; jam cardo diem volvebat ad umbras G. Amiens Hast. 557; ~ines ‥ celi sunt extreme partes axis [celestis] que infiguntur ipsis polis; et sunt ~ines dicti quia sicut ~o hostii in polorum concavitatibus revolvuntur Bart. Angl. VIII 6.  b humani generis triplex distantia fertur, / quae modo per mundum triquadro cardine degit Aldh. VirgV 85; 1008 (12c) qui in triquadro mundi ~ine ‥ ad celestis ‥ beatitudinis jocunditatem pervenire satagunt CD 726 (= Lib. Eli. II 77); animus ‥ quatuor mundi ~ines uno momento complectitur Gir. EH pref. p. 224.  c in ~ine montis G. Hen. V 6.  d virginibus ‥ / quas, licet inferior sexus discriminet ordo, / non tamen inferior virtutum cardo sequestrat Aldh. VirgV 1302.  e te [Lanfrancum] sibi primatem cardo Britannus habet G. Wint. Epigr. Hist. 7. 8.  f Roma, vale! papam dominos quoque cardines orbis / Romulidasque tuos opto valere Neckam DS V 325; sortiti nomen qui sunt a cardine, cursum / navis rectificant ecclesieque statum Garl. Tri. Eccl. 141.

2 cardo [cf. carduus] 1 thistle or sim.; b (fig.). c (w. benedictus) groundsel; cf. carduncellus. d nettle. asino ~ones edente Map NC I 31; sicut ~ines ori, sic utinam ‥ argentum cardinalium saperet cordi Gir. PI I 19 p. 108; 1282 in bladis sarclandis iij s. ij d. hoc anno racione ~onum MinAc 1078/21 r. 1; quod ante tempus metendi ‥ ~ines, parelle et hujusmodi herbe dampnose penitus abole[a]ntur Fleta 170; s1254 (?1258) communitas populi edebat urticas, ~ones et alias herbas non edibiles ob defectum victualium Eul. Hist. III 120; frumenti spicas ‥ / cardo supercrevit et viciavit agros Gower VC I 1314; matrona, ~o idem, G. chardon, A. thistel Alph. 107; thystylle, ~o, carduus PP; hic ~o, -nis, media †corrupta [l. correpta], thystylle WW; a thystelle, ~o, medio producto CathA.  b quia opportune ad spinas, ~ones et sizannia defalcanda et extirpanda tunc temporis instetit messis, ‥ a domicilio regis plures officiarios expulerunt Favent 13.  c semen canabi et ~o benedictus Gilb. III 139. 2; ~o benedictus et senatio et limacie simul conterantur et emplastrentur super apostema Gad. 28. 2; ~o benedictus, carduncellus, senecio idem, [G.]senechion, A. g[r]owndeswilie Alph. 34.  d 14‥ hic ~o, a nettille WW. 2 teasel (used for carding). 1282 de quolibet miliari ~onum venalium Pat 101 m. 14; 1303 si ~ones fuerint in tonello, dabunt ad exitum iiij d. et ad introitum nichil EEC 165; 1326 quam plures de partibus Flandrie ‥, facturam hujusmodi pannorum ‥ impedire satagentes, omnes ~ones, qui tasles vulgariter nuncupantur, quos in eisdem regno et terris [nostris] invenire poterant ‥ ad partes exteras duxerunt ‥ et herbam et radices ~onum emerunt et radicitus evelli fecerunt ad eas ad partes exteras transmittendas (Cl 143) Growth Eng. Ind. 634; 1326 littera regis ne ~ones, butirum, mader, wysda, nec terra fullonum ducatur extra regnum (LBLond E f. 167) MGL I 615; tasyle, †carbo vel ~o fullonis vel carduus PP; ~o, A‥ a tesell WW; 1535 in decimis ~onum fullonicorum Val. Eccl. II 416.

1 cardō, (11) ĭnis, m. , ¶ 1 gond, pivot : cardo stridebat Virg. En. 1, 449, le gond grinçait || dans une machine, tenon ou mortaise : Vitr. Arch. 9, 6 || bout, extrémité : Plin. 21, 18 || pôle : Varro R. 1, 2, 4 ; Eous cardo Luc. 5, 71, lʼOrient || point cardinal, point solstitial : cardo anni Plin. 18, 264, solstice dʼété ; cardines temporum Plin. 18, 218, les quatre saisons ; cardo extremus Luc. 7, 381, le point extrême [de la vie] ; cardo convexitatis Plin. 31, 43, la partie la plus resserrée [dʼun lieu] || ligne du nord au sud [opp. decimanus ] : Grom. || ligne de démarcation : Liv. 37, 54, 23 ; 41, 1, 3 ¶ 2 [fig.] point sur lequel tout roule, point capital : tanto cardine rerum Virg. En. 1, 672, en une conjoncture aussi critique ; ubi litium cardo vertitur Quint. 12, 8, 2, où se trouve le pivot de chaque affaire, cf. 5, 12, 3.

cardo , inis. m.
門樞。網領。午線。— rerum 機會。便時。際遇。— lunae 月心。— causae 訟之綱領。Cardines mundi 世界二極。南北。Cardines temporum 四時。四季。

Suggest a Translation
See an image

cardō inis, m

• CARD-, a hinge, pivot and socket(of door or gate): postīs a cardine vellit, V.: (ianua) movebat Cardines, H.: facili patuerunt cardine valvae, Iu.: versato cardine Egreditur, opening the door, O.— In astron., a pole: Extremusque adeo duplici de cardine vertex Dicitur esse polus, C., O.—A boundary, limit: intra eum cardinem (imperii), i. e. Mount Taurus, L.—Fig., a turning-point, crisis(poet.): tantus rerum, V.

CARDO

CARDOa hinge. The older and simpler form of hinge was a pivot working in a socket; of this kind must have been the θαιροὶ of Homer (Hom. Il. 12.459) and the στροφεὺς and στρόφιγξ of the later Greeks (Aristoph. Thesm. 487). The word γίγγλυμος is applied to the hinge-joints of the human body, and to joints in armour (see L. and S., s. v.); but there is no authority for the statement that it was used for door-hinges. In this construction the stile or axis of the door (Lat. scapus cardinalis, Vitr. 4.6, 4) was fitted with pivots at each end, turning in a socket excavated in the sill and lintel respectively. The notion that the pivots were called στρόφιγγες, the sockets (στροφεῖς (Rich; L. and S., ed. 7), wants sufficient proof: thus Sextus Empiricus (adv. Math. 10.54) writes ὁ κατὰ το ὁλμίσκου βεβηκὼς στροφεύς, where στροφεὺς is clearly the pivot and ὁλμίσκος the little mortar =the socket.

The first of the annexed woodcuts illustrates this description of hinge. The upper figure to the left shows the general form of a door, as we find it with a pivot at top and bottom (a, b) in ancient remains of stone, marble, wood, and bronze. Theophrastus specifies the hard woods which were preferred for making the pivots (Hist. Plant. 5.5, 4 ff.); but they were more frequently of metal. The second top figure represents a bronze hinge in the Egyptian collection of the British Museum: its pivot (b) is exactly cylindrical. The lower figure shows the ground-plan of a pair of folding-doors. The pivots move in holes fitted to receive them, each of which is an angle behind the antepagmentum or door-jamb (marmoreo aeratus stridens in limine cardo, Verg. Ciris, 222). In Eurip. Phoen. 114 ἔμβολα χαλκόδετα have been explained as hinges, but are more probably bolts or bars.

The Romans (and perhaps the Greeks, though this is less certain) also used hinges exactly like those now in common use. Four Roman hinges of bronze, preserved in the British Museum, are here shown.

The form of the door above delineated makes it manifest why the principal line laid down in surveying land was called cardo (Festus, s. v. Decumanus; Isid. Orig. 15.14) [AGRIMETATIO]; and it further explains the application of the same term to the North Pole, the supposed pivot on which the heavens revolved. (Varr. de R. R. 1.2; Ovid, Ex Ponto, 2.10, 45.) The lower extremity of the universe was conceived to turn upon another pivot, corresponding to that at the bottom of the door (Cic. N. D. 2.4. 1, § 105; Vitr. 6.1, 9.1-Z2); and the conception of these two principal points in geography and astronomy led to the application of the same term to the East and West also. (Lucan (Luc. 5.71.) Hence our four points of the compass are called by ancient writers quattuor cardines orbis terrarum, and the four principal winds, N. S. E. and W., are the cardinales venti. (Serv. ad Aen. 1.85.)

[J.Y] [W.W]

Cardo

(θαιρός, στροφεύς, στρόφιγξ, γίγγλυμος). A hinge, a pivot.

The first figure in the annexed illustration is designed to show the general form of a door, as we find it with a pivot at the top and bottom (a b) in ancient remains of stone, marble, wood, and bronze. The second figure represents a bronze hinge in the Egyptian collection of the British Museum; its pivot (b) is exactly cylindrical. Under these is drawn the threshold of a temple, or other large edifice, with the plan of the folding-doors. The pivots move in holes fitted to receive them (b b), each of which is in an angle behind the antepagmentum. When Hector forces the gate of the Grecian camp, he does it by breaking both the hinges (ἀμφοτέρους θαιρούς) —i. e., as explained by the scholiasts, the pivots (στρόφιγγας) at the top and bottom. See cataracta.

According to the ancient lexicons, cardo denoted not only the pivot, but sometimes the socket (foramen) in which it turned. Postis appears to have meant the upright pillar (a b) in the frame of the door. The whole of this “post,” including the pivots, appears to be called στροφεύς and cardo by Theophrastus and Pliny , who say that it was best made of elm, because elm does not warp, and because the whole door will preserve its proper form, if this part remains unaltered.

The Greeks and Romans also used hinges exactly like those now in common use. Four Roman hinges of bronze, preserved in the British Museum, are shown in the following illustration.

The proper Greek name for this kind of hinge was γίγγλυμος: whence Aristotle applies it to the joint of a bivalve shell; and the anatomists call those joints of the human body ginglymoid which allow motion only in one plane, such as the elbowjoint.

The form of the door above delineated makes it manifest why the principal line laid down in surveying land was called cardo (see Agrimensores); and it further explains the application of the same term to the North Pole, the supposed pivot on which the heavens revolved (Ovid, Epist. ex Pont. ii. 10, 45). The lower extremity of the universe was conceived to turn upon another pivot, corresponding to that at the bottom of the door; and the conception of these two principal points in geography and astronomy led to the application of the same term to the east and west also. Hence our “four points of the compass” are called by ancient writers quatuor cardines orbis terrarum; and the four principal winds, N., S. , E., and W., are the cardinales venti ( Serv. ad Verg. Aen. i. 85).