clava

clāva, ae, f.: a club, 10.318.

clāva, ae, f. [root cel- of percello; cf. Gr. κλάω and clades].

• A knotty branch or stick, a staff, cudgel, club: adfer duas clavas... probas, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 20 (799); Lucr. 5, 968: sternentes agmina clavā, Verg. A. 10, 318; Curt. 9, 4, 3; Ov. F. 1, 575; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18; a bar, lever, Cato R. R. 13, 1.—As a weapon for exercising, used by young men, and esp. by soldiers, a foil, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Veg. Mil. 1, 11.—As a badge of Hercules, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 39; Ov. H. 9, 117; id. M. 9, 114; 9, 236; * Suet. Ner. 53; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 62 Müll.—Hence, prov., clavam Herculi extorquere, for an impossible undertaking, Macr. S. 5, 3; Don. Vit. Verg.— Also Clava Herculis, a plant, otherwise called nymphea, Marc. Emp. 33.—
• II In the lang. of economy, a graft, scion, Pall. Mart. 10, 12 and 13; cf. clavula.

clāva, ae, f. (clavus), ein mit einem dicken obern od. untern Ende versehener Stock, der Knotenstock, Knüttel, Knüppel, die Keule, Nep. Dat. 3, 2. Plin. 8, 93 u. 25, 75. – speziell: der zylinderförmige Holzstab, dessen sich die Spartaner beim Austausch geheimer Befehle bedienten, dann die ›Geheimschrift‹, ›geheime Depesche‹ selbst (als Übersetzung v. σκυτάλη), Nep. Paus. 3, 4. – Insbes. a) als Stütze beim Steigen, clavae, quibus in ascensu nitebantur, Front. strat. 3, 9, 3. – b) als Werkzeug zum Schlagen, α) als Prügel, zum Schlagen der Tiere, clava salignea, Col. 6, 2, 4: u. der Menschen, male mulcati clavis ac fustibus repelluntur, Cic. Verr. 4, 94. – β) als Schlägel zum Klopfen der Leinwand, clavis textum tundere, Plin. 19, 18. – c) als Waffe zu Fechtübungen, Cic. de sen. 58. Veget. mil. 1, 11 u. 12; 1, 14 (bei Mart. 7, 32, 8 stipes, b. Iuven. 6, 247 sudis gen.). – d) als rohe Waffe, die Keule, Plaut. rud. 807. Lucr. 5, 967. Ov. fast. 1, 575. Curt. 9, 4 (14), 3. Plin. 8, 93: stehendes Attribut des Herkules (vgl. Paul. ex Fest. 62, 7), Verg. Aen. 10, 318. Liv. 1, 7. § 7. Ov. met. 9, 114 u. 236. Suet. Ner. 53. Apul. flor. 22: clava Herculea, Prop. 4, 9, 39; übtr. = Pflanze nymphaea (w. s.), Marc. Emp. 33. – e) als (am untern Ende dickes) Pfropfreis, Pallad. 4, 10, 11 sqq.

1 clava [CL] , (wooden or metal) club. b ceremonial mace (esp. as borne by serjeant-atmace). Herculis ‥ clava / non tamen in templo rigida virtute resultat Aldh. VirgV 1346; ~a, steng GlC C 450; 9‥ †cluva, steng oððe wæpen WW; sacerdos ‥ cum antiquo hoste pugnaturus ‥ manipulo pro ~a utitur, casula quasi clypeo protegitur Beleth RDO 32. 43; aut certe silebis aut tibi hac ~a perpetuum imponam silentium Map NC IV 16; et galeas nitidas ferrea clava cavat Garl. Tri. Eccl. 63; 1242 percussit eum in capite quadam ~a eris AssizeR Durh 37; 1262 predictum T. percussit cum quadam clova in fronte SelCWW 136; S. Sim. Itin. 53 (v. anulus 4d); hec ~a, A. a mase: ‘clava ferit, clavis aperit, clavus duo jungit’ WW.  b s1319 subconstabularius castri ‥ Doverie et cum eo alii servientes regis ~am deferentes G. S. Alb. II 137; 1354 quod servientes pro ~is in civitate ‥ ~as illas auratas vel argenteas aut argentatas et signo armorum nostrorum vel aliorum ornatas libere deferent MGL I 153 (cf. CalPat 82); c1378 [in factura] nove ~e Rec. Leic. II 169; 1404 quod servientes ~arum majoris et vicecomitum ‥ ~as suas ‥ deferre valeant Rec. Norw. I 35; 1437 cum quadam ~a ad arma Ib. 335; 1446 in auro ad deaurandam ~am Johannis S., clavigeri regis ExchScot 220; s1460 dux Eboraci venit ad parliamentum ‥ cum armigeris ‥ cum ense ante eum erecto et †~o [? l. ~a] regis (Chr. Lond.) EHR XXVIII 126; 1476 (v. cliens 3b); 1485 ballivus ‥ eligere possit unum burgensium ‥ in servientem ad ~am et ‥ burgenses eligere possint alium servientem ad ~am (Ch. Llandovery) Board Celt. Stud. II 258; 1508 de novo fieri fecit ~am argenteam deauratam expensis communitatis Lib. Kilken. 130.

2 clava v. 2 clavis

3 clava v. 3 clavus

4 clava v. clawa

clāva, (11) æ, f. (clavus), massue : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 94 ; Nep. Dat. 3, 2 || [pour exercices physiques] : Cic. CM 58 || bâton [autour duquel les éphores spartiates enroulaient leur message], scytale : Nep. Paus. 3, 4 || massue dʼHercule : Virg. En. 10, 318 ; Liv. 1, 7, 7 ; Ov. M. 9, 114 || clava Herculis (nymphæa) M. Emp. 33, nénuphar || scion, rejeton dʼun arbre : Pall. 4, 10, 11, etc.

clava , ae. f.
蒜頭棍。太尾之棍。飛槌。

Suggest a Translation
See an image

clāva ae, f

• 1 CEL-, a knotty branch, rough stick, cudgel, club: sternentes agmina clavā, V.: male mulcati clavis: Herculea, Pr. — A foil(for exercise).

CLAVA

CLAVA(ῥόπαλον, κορύνη), a club. The shape of the club is seen in works of art relating to Hercules, who is usually represented with a club (Soph. Trach. 512; Aristoph. Ran. 47; Prop. iv. (v.) 9, 39; Ov. Met. 15.114; Her. 9.117; Suet. Nero 53), and therefore called Clavige(Ov. Met. 15.22, 284; Fast. 1.544). Hence the expression Herculi clavam subtrahere of an impossible undertaking (Macrob. Sat. 5.3.16). The club was sometimes carried, instead of the walking-stick, by certain philosophers as a mark of affectation (Sid. Ap. Ep. 4.11, 9.9; Carm. 15.197). In Homeric times, the club shod with iron, or made of bronze, was used as a mace in fighting (σιδηρείῃ κορύνη, Il. 9.141; ῥόπαλον παγχάλεον, Od. 11.375); and in the army of Xerxes the Assyrians carried wooden clubs knotted with iron (ῥόπαλα ξύλων τετυλωμένα σιδήρῳ, Hdt. 7.63). Peisistratus had a body-guard of club-bearers (κορυνηφόροι), as less invidious in a free state than δορυφόροι, or men armed with spears (Hdt. 1.59; Diog. Laert.; Plut. Sol. 30). Though the club or mace was not usual in the Greek army, it was used occasionally; and we thus read of Arcadian hoplites carrying clubs (ῥόπαλα ἔχοντες, Xen. Hell. 7.5, § 20). Both Daremberg and Saglio and Rich give a figure of Mars, from an ancient Roman fresco-painting of the Villa Albani, where the god carries a mace studded with spikes. In the Column of Trajan the club appears as the weapon of some auxiliary barbarians.

Among the Romans the recruits were taught to fight with a club instead of a sword, against a dummy or stake (palus) set in the ground (Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Veg. Mil. 1, 11; cf. Juven. 6.247).

[W.S]

Clava

(ῥόπαλον, κορύνη). A club or mace. The shape of the club is seen in works of art relating to Heracles, who is usually represented with a club, and therefore called Claviger (Ovid, Met. xv. 22, 284). Hence the expression Herculi clavam subtrahere of an impossible undertaking (Macrob. Sat. v. 3. 16). The club was sometimes carried, instead of the walkingstick, by certain philosophers as a mark of affectation. In Homeric times the club, shod with iron or made of bronze, was used as a mace in fighting (Il. ix. 141); and in the army of Xerxes the Assyrians carried wooden clubs knotted with iron (Herod.vii. 63). Pisistratus had a body-guard of club-bearers (κορυνηφόροι), as less invidious in a free State than δορυφόροι, or men armed with spears (Herod.i. 59). Though the club or mace was not usual in the Greek army, it was used occasionally; and we thus read of Arcadian hoplites carrying clubs (Xen. Hell. vii. 5. 20). On the Column of Trajan the club appears as the weapon of some auxiliary barbarians.

Among the Romans the recruits were taught to fight with a club instead of a sword, against a dummy or stake (palus) set in the ground (Cic. Sen. 16 and 58).