collegium

collēgĭum (conl-); in inscrr. sometimes corrupted COLLEGIVS, ii, m., Inscr. Orell. 2413; 4101 al.), ii, n. [collega].

• Abstr., the connection of associates, colleagues, etc., colleagueship (rare): ita, quae nostra officia fuerunt, pro collegio et pro propinquitate et vivo et mortuo ei praestitimus, Serv. ad Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 3: Decium, expertum mihi concordi collegio virum, mecum consulem faciatis, Liv. 10, 13. 13; so id. 22, 3, and 24, 6: magister equitum ex collegio prioris anni, id. 4, 17, 9; so id. 5, 18, 2; cf. Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 1, 52 fin.: P. Decius consul per tot collegia expertus, Liv. 10, 26, 2.—
• • B Trop.: auxiliatur (noctuis) accipiter conlegio quodam naturae, association, partnership, Plin. 10, 17, 19, § 39; Manil. 2, 161.—
• II Concr., persons united by the same office or calling, or living by some common rules, a college, guild, corporation, society, union, company, fraternity: ἑταιρία, συναρχία (so most freq.): nulla (erat) Romae societas vectigalium, nullum collegium aut concilium, etc., Cic. Sest. 14, 32: tribunorum plebis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 100; Suet. Caes. 23: praetorum, Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80: pontificum, Caes. B. C. 1, 72; Liv. 31, 9, 8: sacerdotum, Suet. Calig. 16: Flavialium, id. Dom. 4: augurum, Cic. Brut. 1, 1 al.: mercatorum, Liv. 2, 27, 5: Mercurialium, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: aerariūm fabrūm, Plin. 34, 1, 1, § 1: poëtarum, Val. Max. 3, 7, 11: ambubaiarum, Hor. S. 1, 2, 1 et saep.: tribuni ... pro collegio pronuntiant, in the name of the (tribunitial) college, Liv. 4, 26, 9; cf. id. 44, 12, and ex collegii sententiā, id. 53, 7.

1. collēgium, ī, n. (2. colligo), die Unterstützung, Fulg. myth. 1. praef. p. 17 M. (= p. 9, 17 H.).

2. collēgium, ī, n. (collega), das Kollegium, I) abstr., die Verbindung der Amtsgenossen, die Kollegenschaft, Amtsgenossenschaft, Amtsgemeinschaft, c. concors, Liv.: c. consulatus, Vell.: c. prioris anni, Liv.: Caesaris (eines Cäsaren), Tac.: u. P. Decius consul per tot collegia expertus, Liv. – Bildl., die Genossenschaft, Gemeinschaft, c. quoddam naturae, Plin. 10, 39; u. so Manil. 2, 161. Prud. cath. 10, 36. – II) konkr., die durch gleiche Zwecke vereinigten Personen: a) im Amte: α) im Magistrate, das Kollegium, Gesamtamt, c. praetorum, tribunorum plebis, Cic.: quaestorum, Suet.: unus e collegio, Suet.: collegium coit (versammelt sich) de alqa re, Cic.: u. appellare collegium (tribunorum plebis), Liv.: pro collegio pronuntiare, Liv.: ex collegii sententia pronuntiare, Liv.: pro collegio decemvirorum imperari, Liv. – β) im Priesteramte, c. sacerdotum, Cic.: c. pontificum, Cic.: c. augurum, Cic.: sacerdotii amplissimi collegium, Cic.: ex amplissimo collegio decemvirali sacerdotes, Cic.: summorum collegiorum sacerdotes, Suet.: cooptare alqm in collegium, Cic.: pro collegio decernere od. iubere m. Akk. u. Infin., Gell. u. Liv. – b) im offentl. u. bürgerl. Leben, eine vom Staate anerkannte Korporation, α) eine religiöse Brüderschaft, c. Capitolinorum, Cic. u. Liv.: Flavialium, Suet.: Arvalium, Augustalium, Silvani, Inscr.: Minervae (Dat.) collegium instituere, Suet. – β) polit. Verein, Genossenschaft, Klub, oft zur Verschleierung polit. Zwecke dienend, collegia, non ea solum, quae senatus sustulerat restituta, sed innumerabilia quaedam nova ex omni faece urbis ac servitio constituta, Cic.: collegia praeter antiqua et legitima dissolvere, Suet.: cuncta collegia praeter antiquitus constituta dissolvere, Suet.: plurimae factiones, titulo collegi novi, ad nullius non facinoris societatem coibant, Suet. – γ) bürgerl. Genossenschaft, Zunft, Innung, Gilde, v. Kaufleuten u. Handwerkern, mercatorum, Liv.: Mercurialium, Cic.: aerariorum, fabrûm, figulorum, Plin.: fabrorum, ICt.: ferrariorum, Inscr.: pictorum et naviculariorum, ICt.: v. Künstlern u. Musikanten, scaenicorum Flavianorum, Inscr.: aëneatorum, Inscr.: tibicinum, symphoniacorum, Inscr. – so auch coll. aquae, die Brunnengenossenschaft der Walker, Inscr. v. Marini act. fratr. arv. p. 70. lin. 3 (Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 10298, 3). – δ) übh. der Verein, die Truppe, Bande, poëtarum, Akademie, Val. Max. 3, 7, 11: collegia ambubaiarum (mit scherzh. Anspielung auf das collegium tibicinum), Hor. sat. 2, 1, 1: latronum, Apul. met. 4, 15. Vgl. übh. Kornemann in Pauly-Wissowa Realenzykl. IV, 386 ff. – ➳ In guten Inschrn. oft Schreibung conlegium, zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1107; vgl. Mommsen Ephem. epigr. 1, 79 sq. – In Inschrn. vulg. Nbf. collegius, zB. Act. fratr. arv. a. 81. lin. 27. 34. 39. Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 9316 u. 10418; 8, 1878 u. ö.

collegium [CL] 1 fellowship, company, corporation. b (mon.) community. c (eccl.) college, collegiate church. d college of cardinals. ut ‥ inseparabili angelicae sodalitatis ~io perfrui ‥ mereatur Aldh. VirgP 15; c733 reverentiae ‥ vestrae dicato ~o [sc. episcoporum Angliae] collaetantes (Lit. Papae) W. Malm. GP I 36; grave sibimet ipsi efficit damnum qui in suae dignitatis ~ium sublimat indignum Egb. Pont. 9; dicit cocus: “si me expellitis a vestro ~io [AS: geferscype], manducabitis ‥ carnes vestras crudas” Ælf. Coll. 98; 9‥ ~io, winescipe WW; O. Cant. Pref. Frith. 4 (v. consortio); s901 Aethelwoldus ‥ Danos exposcit ut ‥ se ‥ commilitonem recipiant unumque ex ~io suo esse velint Fl. Worc. I 118; qui in ~io vel societate fuerit ubi aliquis occidatur, acquietet se quod eum non percussit (Leg. Hen. 87. 8) GAS 602; cum mater ejus ‥, frequenti civium ~io, templo assisteret W. Malm. GP I 19; soror comitis ‥, que ‥ ambientibus eam cum plurimo suo ~io inimicis, ‥ includebatur G. Steph. I 9; post mortem mariti sui ‥ mulier ‥ clerico ‥ idoneo poterit ecclesiam illam concedere, si vacaverit; sed ~io non potest, quia hoc aufert jus ipsius heredis perpetuo Glanv. VI 17; 1419 ex quo [Sigismundus rex Romanorum] socius et frater devenit ~ii nostri militaris de Garterio (TreatyR) Foed. IX 711a; 1476 (v. consors 2a); 1597 ut ‥ Anglicana nacio, imprimis vero mercatores adventurarii, ~ium suum ‥ apud nos constitueret (Lit. Consulum Emdae) Foed. XVI 323a.  b ambo de monachorum ~io in episcopatus gradum adsciti Bede HE IV 12; cum sibi subjectis fratrum sororumque ~iis RegulC 4; collectis in hac valle lacrimarum ~iis multis, ‥ non ut mundo moriantur sed magis ut in mundo modis quibuscunque vivere queant Gir. Spec. III 18; 1219 abbatibus et prioribus ‥ ~iis et monialibus nigri ordinis Doc. Eng. Black Monks I 8; ~ium in monasterio de Beletun virginum Dei Filio famulantium Ad. Marsh Ep. 31; 1260 nec justum est quod pro delicto singularis persone totum ~ium [sc. conventus de Fonte Ebraudi] jacturam incurrat Cl 212.  c 1181 quid solvatur ~io canonicorum Dom. S. Paul. 112; 1200 apud ‥ majora ~ia Cantuar’ provincie Ep. Cant. 547; 1237 statuimus ut sigillum habeant ‥ ecclesiarum cathedralium capitula et cetera queque ~ia et conventus cum suis rectoribus (Const.Ottonis) M. Par. Maj. III 438; jam per ecclesiam crevit abusus cantus qui a gravitate ‥ antiqua cecidit. ‥ possem ponere exempla de maximis ecclesiis cathedralibus et aliis ~iis famosis Bacon Tert. 298; 1291 cononicis ~ii ‥ collegiate ecclesie [de Suthwell] MonA VI 1315b; hic [A. de Douglas, ob. 1400] expulsis monialibus de Linclowdan instituit ibi ~ium clericorum; ~ium eciam de Bothvile fundavit Fordun Cont. XV 11; 1430 de preposito ecclesie collegiate de Hemyngburgh erecte in ~ium Feod. Durh. 77; 1432 (v. collegialiter); 1450 (v. collegialis b).  d 1277 copia transcripti littere misse sanctissimo ~io cardinalium (Comp. Collect. Apostol.) EHR XXXII 66; non est possibile ut vicarius Christi pure ex bullis suis, vel ex illis cum volicione et consensu suo aut sui ~ii, quemquam habilitet vel inhabilitet (Wycl.) Ziz. 249; 1389 ~io cardinalium (Acquitantia) Thorne 2194. 2 college (acad.). 1274 veniat ipse custos ‥ et decem vel octo scolares de maturioribus domus ipsius [de Merton] causa visitacionis custodis et fratrum seu yconomorum necnon et aliorum dicti ~ii ‥ impendende Mun. Merton 24; 1364 exhibita nobis ‥ pro parte ‥ magistri et scholarium ac ~ii aule seu domus Ballioli ‥ peticio continebat quod quondam Derwelgulla de B. dictum ~ium ‥ ordinavit Deeds Balliol 300; 1384 rectori et scholaribus ~ii aule de Stapuldon Reg. Coll. Exon. 290; c1410 quod singuli scolares universitatis in aula vel ~io universitatis ubi commune ponuntur sive in aulis eisdem annexis ‥ commorentur StatOx 208; c1412 omnes gardiani, custodes, prepositi et rectores ~iorum et singuli principales aularum Ib. 222; 1459 regentes ‥ in sua prima institucione ad regimen ~ii mei ‥ obligabunt ‥ episcopo Glasguensi ‥ omnia ‥ que ‥ sequuntur ‥ observare Mun. Univ. Glasg. I 11; 1461 in le drinksilver dato latimis in ~io episcopi S. Andree ExchScot 79; supplicaverunt magestati regie ut saltem reciperet donum illud ‥ ad dotacionem duorum ~iorum suorum que tunc quasi de novo fundasset apud Cantabrigiam et Eton’ Blakman Hen. VI 10; in qua [academia Oxoniensi] discipuli ‥ habent coenobia magnifico apparatu constructa ‥ quae ~ia vocitant, quod eorum ~ia ibi collocata sint P. Verg. V 107.

1 collēgĭum (9) (conl-), ĭī, n. (collega), ¶ 1 action dʼêtre collègue : concors collegium Liv. 10, 22, 3, bonne entente entre consuls, cf. Servius Sulp. Rufus ad Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 3 ¶ 2 collège [des magistrats, des prêtres, etc.] : conlegium prætorum Cic. Off. 3, 80, le collège des préteurs ; conlegium augurum Cic. Br. 1, le collège des augures ; tribuni pro collegio pronuntiant Liv. 4, 26, 9, les tribuns prononcent au nom de leur collège ¶ 3 association : collegia contra leges instituta dissolvere Tac. Ann. 14, 17, dissoudre les associations illégales.

2 collēgĭum, ĭī, n. (colligo 2), soutien, appui : Fulg. Myth. 1 Præf.

collegium , ii. n.
會 同僚之會 學館。

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conlēgium or collēgium ī, n

• conlega, association in office, colleagueship: expertus mihi concordi collegio vir, L.: consul per tot collegia expertus, L.—An official body, association, board, bench, college, guild, corporation, society, union, company: censorum: praetorum: pontificum: augurum: mercatorum, L.: ambubaiarum, H.: tribuni ... pro collegio pronuntiant, in the name of the body, L.

COLLEGIUM

COLLE´GIUM, Acollegium is an association of at least three persons (Dig. 50, 16, 85) for some permanent and lawful purpose, recognised by the state as possessing the attributes of a corporation (Liv. 10.13, 22; Tac. Ann. 3.31). The persons who for the time being were members of the collegium were called collegae or sodales (Dig. 47, 22, 4), the Greek equivalents being ἑταῖροι and ἑταιρεία (Gaius, ib.).

Collegia are, in fact, a subdivision of the class of artificial or juristic persons called universitates personarum. For the attributes of these in general, reference should be made to the article on UNIVERSITASThe chief characteristics of a corporation are the perpetuity of its existence independently of the lives of the natural persons who for the time being belong to it, and its recognition, apart from them, as a subject of rights and duties. Thus, a collegium could possess common property and a common chest or arca, and have its suits conducted for it by a syndicus or actor (Dig. 3, 4, 1, 1): debts owed to it were not owed to its members, nor were its own debts theirs (Dig. ib. 7, 1); its property was liable to be sold for such debts, but if it was insufficient the creditors could not, as in an ordinary partnership, resort to the separate property of the individual members. It was governed by its own regulations, which the members could settle at their pleasure, provided they were not contrary to law--a rule which Gaius (Dig. 47, 22, 4) conjecturally derives from the legislation of Solon; the voice of the majority of members present was final (Dig. 50, 17, 160, 1). The collegium still subsisted, though all the original members were changed (Dig. 3, 4, 7, 2); and even if their number was reduced to one, Ulpian was of opinion (notwithstanding Dig. 50, 16, 85, referred to above) that, at least for the purposes of litigation, the corporation still existed. But if all the members died, there was no doubt that its existence terminated.

We meet with a great variety of such collegia. in Roman history. The augurs and pontifices. were incorporated (Caesar, Bell. Civ. 1.72 ; Liv. 31.9), as were the priests of many, if not all, of the different temples (Sueton. Calig. 16 ; Dig. 32, 38, 6; Ulp. Reg. 22, 6). Magistrates bearing the same office usually formed a collegium ( magistratus municipales cum unum magistratum administrent etiam unius hominis vicem sustinent, Dig. 50, 1, 25). The collegium of the praetors is spoken of in Cic. de Off. 3, 20, 8: that of the tribuni plebis in Cic. in Verr. 2.2, 41; Sueton. Caes. 23; Liv. 42.32. (According to the definition of a collegium, the consuls,. being only two in number, were not a collegium, though each was called collega in respect of the other, and their union in office was termed collegium.) The decuriones of towns, who bore the municipal offices and upon whom the heaviest municipal burdens fell, also formed a corporation (see the references to Orelli's Inscriptiones in Walter, Geschichte des römischen Rechts, § 298); and some collegia consisted of single curiae in a civitas which had separate property (Dig. 3, 4, 3; ib. 7, 1); of legions and other military units (Dig. 28, 3, 6, 7; Cod. 6, 62, 2), and even of associations of government clerks (Dig. 37, 1, 3, 4). Other collegia were formed for the advancement of finance, trade, or other industry (Liv. 2.27; Tac. Ann. 14.17): e. g. those of the publicani, who farmed the public revenues, and who are so frequently referred to in Cicero and other classical writers; of salinae, aurifodinae, and argentifodinae, associated for the purpose of mining (Dig. 3, 4, 1, pr. ; 17, 2, 59, pr.) ; fabrorum, pistorum, &c., which more nearly resembled our city companies and guilds; and finally the collegia sodalicia, associations or clubs for less definite purposes, sometimes religious, sometimes political, and sometimes anarchical (Cic. pro Planc. 15, 36; Plin. Nat.36.116; Dig. 47, 22, 1).

The law or custom as to the formation of these collegia and their acquisition of the corporate character is not quite clear. There are early instances of their establishment by special legal authority (Liv. 5.50, 52); but under the republic it would seem that a specific authorisation or act of the state for the creation of a corporation was not necessary. Both from the large number and variety of the collegia, and from the known anxiety of the Romans to foster and keep alive in every way the corporate civic spirit, it is probable that there was a general rule of law or custom to the effect that, if certain conditions were fulfilled (especially one requiring that the association must exist for certain specific purposes), any number of persons exceeding two might form themselves into a collegium: neque societas neque collegium neque hujusmodi corpus passim omnibus haberi conceditur, nam et legibus et senatusconsultis et principalibus constitutionibus ea res coercetur (Dig. 3, 4, 1, pi.). About B.C. 64, owing to the use which was made of them for secret association and plots against the state and its parties, all collegia, except a few whose utility was recognised, were dissolved by a senatusconsult: Cic. in Pison. 4, 9 (cf. Asconius, ib.); pro Sest. 15, 25; Dio Cass.. Under the empire, it would seem (from Dig. 47, 22, 3, 1) that a special authority from the senate or emperor was required to give any such association a corporate character.

Collegia, like universitates in general, were incertae personae, and consequently under the older law could neither be instituted heirs (Ulp. Reg. 22, 5) nor take legacies under a will (Ulp. ib. 24, 18): the first, because aditio of an inheritance. was an actus legitimus, which could not be performed by an agent, and it is only through agents that corporations can act at all. But municipal corporations were allowed to be instituted heirs to their own liberti by one senatusconsultum, and another permitted certain of the gods (i. e. the collegia of their priests) to be instituted by any one (Ulp. Reg. 22, 5, 6). Under Justinian public, charitable. and ecclesiastical corporations (including churches) could in all cases be instituted ; others only by special concession from the emperor (Cod. 6, 24, 8, 12). All collegia were enabled to take legacies by a senatusconsultum passed under Marcus Aurelius (Dig. 34, 5, 21). But no restrictions were imposed on the acquisition of property by corporations in other ways (Dig. 41, 2, 1, 22). Independent states could always receive gifts by will (Tac. Ann. 4.43); and in the same way the Roman state accepted the inheritance of Attalus, king of Pergamus, a gift which came to them from a foreigner: it was considered by the Roman lawyers to be accepted under the jus gentium. (Dig. 3, 4, 47, 22; Savigny, System, &c., vol. ii. pp. 235, &c.; Mommsen, de Collegiis et Sodaliciis; Puchta, Institutionen, § § 191, 192.)

[J.B.M]

Collegium

The general term in Latin for an association. The word was applied in a different sense to express the mutual relation of such magistrates as were collegae. Besides the collegia of the great priesthoods, and of the magistrates' attendants (see Apparitores), there were numerous associations, which, although not united by any specifically religious objects, had a religious centre in the worship of some deity or other. Such were the numerous collegia of artisans (opificum or artificum), and the societies existing among the poor for providing funerals, which first appear under the Empire. The political clubs (collegia sodalicia) were associated in the worship of the Lares Compitales (q. v.), and were, indeed, properly speaking, collegia compitalicia, or “societies of the cross-ways.” The religious societies were, in some instances, established by the State for the performance of certain public religious services; in other cases they were formed by private individuals, who made it their business to keep up the shrines of particular deities, often foreign, at their own expense. See sodalitas; Universitas.