pro

pro castris dimicaverunt
they fought before the camp dulce et decorum est pro patria mori
it is sweet and proper to die for your country ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet
I will go for you, if you are not permitted proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit
the battle was too fierece for the number of fighters

prō (prōh): (interj. denoting wonder, surprise, lamentation, distress, agony). O! ah! alas! 4.590.

prō: (prep. w. abl.), before, in front of, 12.661; on the front of an elevated place; on, 9.575; in defense of, 8.653; on account of, for the sake of, 6.821; in place of, instead of, for, 1.659; for, in return for, 3.604; in preference to, 5.483; prō sē, according to his strength, 5.501.

prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. ποτί and ποτ with πρός), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. πρό; cf.: πρότερος, πρῶτος, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc.], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.

• I Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut. *
• • A Pro quam, in proportion as, just as: nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus, Lucr. 2, 1137. —
  • B Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.): compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83: tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto, id. Att. 11, 6 fin.: id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur, Liv. 38, 50: prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est, id. 38, 40 fin.—With a corresp. ita: ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46: prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt, Cels. 4, 4, 5: prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere, Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—
• II Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.: PRO SALVTEM SVAM, Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.
• • A Lit., of place: sedens pro aede Castoris, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27: praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis, id. Mil. 1, 2: ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant, Caes. B. G. 4, 32: pro castris copias habere, id. ib. 7, 66: pro castris dimicare, id. ib. 5, 16: pro oppido, id. ib. 7, 71: pro opere consistere, Sall. J. 92, 9: castra pro moenibus locata, Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17: pro muro, id. 30, 10: pro castris explicare aciem, id. 6, 23: pro vallo, Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion: Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit, before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48: hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito, before your feet, Ap. Apol. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—
  • • 2 In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in: pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio, Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and: pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris, id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so, pro tribunali, id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly: laudatus pro contione Jugurtha, Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1: pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos, Liv. 7, 7: fortes viros pro contione donantis, Curt. 10, 5, 10: pro contione litteras recitare, id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.: pro contione palam utrumque temptavit, Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: 4, 5, 11; cf.: pro comitio, Suet. Aug. 43: uti pro consilio imperatum erat, in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.: supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit, Liv. 38, 36: pontifices pro collegio decrevisse, Gell. 11, 3, 2: pro collegio pronuntiare, Liv. 4, 26, 9: suas simultates pro magistratu exercere, id. 39, 5: pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat, before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30: legionem pro ripā componere, id. ib. 12, 29: velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant, in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so, pro muris, id. A. 2, 81: ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere, standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—
  • B Transf.
  • • 1 To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum): veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 18, 60; cf.: hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius, id. de Or. 3, 20, 75: partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse, id. Clu. 32, 88: difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus, Sen. Prov. 3, 2: haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent, Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149: nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum, Cic. Sest. 2, 3: omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum, id. de Or. 2, 49, 201: convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā, id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43: dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori, Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2: pro sollicitis non tacitus reis, id. ib. 4, 1, 14: spondere levi pro paupere, id. A. P. 423: urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant, Sall. J. 88, 4: nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc., Tac. Agr. 12: et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv. 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere, id. 39, 30, 3: pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos ... erant: contra, etc., Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—
    • 2 With the notion of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for.
    • • a In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario ... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149: ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10 (1131): ego pro te molam, Ter. And. 200; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13: mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud ... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc., id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.: libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis ... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus, id. ib. 45, 154: pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor. S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus, id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70: pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc., Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.: pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc., Liv. 22, 1, 2.—
      • b Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute: pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, vice-director: cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem, Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.: cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule, instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18: nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat), id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 4, 11: cf.: litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule ... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc., id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—
      • c So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for: tres minas pro istis duobus dedi, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138 (827); id. Aul. 3, 3, 8 (456): pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam, Ter. And. 888: dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum, Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351: pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari, Caes. B. G. 6, 16: id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum, Liv. 7, 19, 3: vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date, Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21: pro crimine poenas, Ov. Ib. 621.—
    • 3 Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as: pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24 (296): sese ducit pro adulescentulo, id. Stich. 3, 1, 65 (466); id. Cist. 1, 3, 24 (148): hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo, as my own, Ter. Ad. 48: Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus, whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1: Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse, id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5: P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est, id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109: cum pro damnato mortuoque esset, as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33: summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3: negotia pro solatiis accipiens, Tac. A. 4, 13: consuli pro hostibus esse, Liv. 43, 5, 4: adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur, as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—
    • 4 Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same: ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus, Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque (ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1: pro eo ac si concessum sit, Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54: pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset, Dig. 28, 1, 22: pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit, ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because: pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā, Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv. 38, 49 fin.—
    • 5 On account of, for the sake of: dolor pro patriā, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24: tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā, id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro): dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person, Hor. S. 1, 2, 43: aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate, Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 234: pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit, Suet. Aug. 57: cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt, Tac. A. 4, 17: pro bono (= bene), Sall. J. 22, 4.—
    • 6 Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.: meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit, according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133 (285): tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's, id. Rud. 4, 4, 71 (1115): pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.): facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8 (506): agere pro viribus, Cic. Sen. 9, 27: aliquem pro dignitate laudare, id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33: proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit, Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority: quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat, Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily: nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum, id. 2, 56, 12: hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 196: pro tuā prudentiā, Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2: cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur, id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69: quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset, id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus: pro se quisque, each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.: pro tempore et pro re, according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: pro facultatibus, Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as: eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda, Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58: equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo, id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.☞ In composition the o is long in some words, in others short (through the influence of the Gr. προ-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.

prō (less correctly prōh), interj., an exclamation of wonder or lamentation,

• O! Ah! Alas! (class.).
• • • • • α With nom.: proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4 (282): pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 732; id. Eun. 550; id. Ad. 111; cf.: pro supreme Juppiter, id. ib. 196: pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam! id. ib. 366: pro di immortales, id. ib. 447; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33: pro curia inversique mores! Hor. C. 3, 5, 7: pro scelus, Mart. 2, 46, 8.—
        • β Parenthet.: pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui, Ov. M. 13, 758: et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt, id. H. 3, 98: tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus, Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—
        • γ With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 339 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 746; cf.: pro deum atque hominum fidem! id. And. 237; 246; id. Heaut. 61; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48; instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium! Ter. Phorm. 351: pro deum atque hominum, id. Hec. 198: pro fidem deum! facinus foedum, id. Eun. 943.—
        • δ With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin.

1. prō! (nicht proh) Interi. zum Ausdruck der Verwunderung u. der Klage, o! ach! pro di immortales! Cic.: pro deorum hominumque fidem! Cic., od. pro deûm immortalium (sc. fidem)! Ter., od. pro deûm fidem! Liv.: pro sancte Iuppiter! o heiliger Jupiter! Cic.: pro bone Iuppiter! Sen. rhet.: pro Iuppiter! hominis stultitiam! Ter.: pro malae tractationis! Tert.: pro pudor! s. pudor. – zuw. leider, tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus nostris, ut etc., Liv. 22, 14, 6.

2. prō (altind. prá, griech. πρό), vor, für, I) Adv. in den Verbndgg. proquam, prout, w. s. – II) Praep. m. Abl. (spätlat. m. Acc., Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 81 u. 224 461), A) eig., vom Raume, von der Richtung nach vorwärts od. vornhin, u. zwar: 1) über etwas hinaus, so daß man sich außerhalb eines Gegenstandes, ihm gegenüber, vor ihm befindet, vor, im Angesichte: a) auf die Frage wo? sedens pro aede, Cic.: copias pro oppido collocaverat, Caes.: legiones pro castris constituit, Caes.: stabat pro litore classis, vor, an dem Ufer, Tac. – b) auf die Frage wohin? Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit, vor... hinaus, Caes. b. G. 1, 48, 3. – 2) vorn in, vorn an, vorn auf, wobei man an den Begriff des Hervortretens zu denken hat, so daß der Sprechende oder Handelnde den Gegenstand, auf dem er sich befindet, im Rücken hat, pro suggestu, auf der Tribüne, in der Versammlung, Caes.: pro tribunali, Cic.: pro contione, vor, in der Versammlung, Liv.: u. Tac. (s. Heräus Tac. hist. 4, 24, 16): pro rostris, Suet. – B) übtr., zur Bezeichnung: 1) des Schutzes, Vorteils, für, zum Vorteile, zugunsten (Ggstz. contra alqm), dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patria, Cic.: hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius, zu meinem Vorteile, Cic.: sive illud pro plebe sive contra plebem est, Liv.: orationes et pro se multae et pro aliis et in alios, Liv.: metuo enim, ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie, Cic. – 2) der Stellvertretung, Verwechselung, Gleichgeltung usw.: a) statt, anstatt, pro consule, Cic.: pro collegio, im Namen des K., Liv.: pro magistro esse od. operas dare, Vizedirektor sein, Cic.: alci pro quaestore esse, bei jmd. die Quästorstelle vertreten, Liv.: pro patre esse alci, Vaterstelle vertreten, Ter.: in vulgus pro cunctatore segnem, pro cauto timidum compellabat, Liv.: pro vallo carros obicere, Caes. – b) wie, so gut wie, als, pro victis (abierunt), wie Besiegte, Liv.: Cato est mihi unus pro multis milibus, Cic.: nonnulli ab insciis pro noxiis concīduntur, als Schuldige, Nep.: pro certo scire, für gewiß, Liv.: so auch pro certo polliceri, Cic.: pro infecto habere, für ungeschehen halten, Cic.: pro damnato esse, so gut wie verurteilt, Cic.: hunc amavi pro meo, wie meinen eigenen Sohn, Ter.: transire pro transfuga, als Überläufer, Liv.: stare pro contione, als V., Tac.: dicere pro testimonio, im Zeugenverhöre aussagen, Cic.: pro amicis, als Freunde, freundschaftlich, Liv.: se pro cive gerere, sich als Bürger betragen, d.i. die Pflichten u. Rechte eines Bürgers ausüben, Cic. – dah. auch pro eo, ac si etc., gleich als wenn usw., Cic. – 3) der Vergeltung od. eines Ausgleiches, für, zum Lohne (als Belohnung) für etw., pro vectura solvere, Cic.: pro tribus corporibus XXX milia talentûm auri accipere, Curt.: (alci) pro meritis gratiam referre, Caes. u. Nep.: pro vita hominis hominis vitam reddere, Caes.: pro Caesaris in se meritis ei plurimum debere, Caes.: petere honorem pro flagitio, Plaut.: pro tali facinore stirpem ac nomen civitatis tollere, Caes.: alqm pro scelere suo ulcisci (bestrafen), Caes. – 4) eines Verhältnisses, nach, nach Beschaffenheit, im Verhältnis zu, vermöge, für od. gemäß, infolge, auch im Vergleiche zu (griech. ἀντί), da gebraucht, wo der Wert zweier Dinge gegeneinander gehalten wird, duo talenta pro re nostra ego esse decrevi satis, im V. zu meinem Vermögen, Ter.: pro multitudine hominum et pro gloria belli atque fortitudinis, im V. zu ihrer Bevölkerung und für ihren Kriegsruhm und ihre Tapferkeit, Caes.: sunt impii cives, pro caritate rei publicae nimium multi, pro multitudine bene sentientium admodum pauci, Cic.: proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit, Liv.: hoc tibi pro servitio debeo, infolge des Skl., Ter.: u. so sedulo moneo, quae possum pro mea sapientia, Ter.: latius quam pro copiis, Liv.: pro dignitate populi Romani, Liv.: pro patriae caritate, Nep.: agere pro viribus, Cic.: pro virili parte, Cic.: pro portione, Liv.: pro tempore et pro re, nach Zeit und Umständen, Caes.: pro tempore, Liv.: pro mea parte, für meinen Teil, Cic.: dah. pro se quisque, jeder für sich, nach Maßgabe seiner Kräfte, Cic. u.a.: pro eo, vermöge dessen, nach dem, nach Be schaffenheit dessen, mit folg. ac od. atque (wie) od. quam, quantum, wie, pro eo ac debui, nach dem wie usw., nach meiner Pflicht, Sulpic. in Cic. ep.: pro eo, quanti te facio, nach dem wie ich dich schätze, vermöge meiner großen Achtung vor dir, Cic.: pro eo est atque etc., ist ebenso gut wie usw., ICt.: ferner pro eo quod, weil demnach, Cic.: dagegen auch pro eo habeamus, halten es dafür, Cic.: ferner pro eo ut = prout, je nachdem wie, Cic. Verr. 3, 126: pro imperio, gebieterisch, auf gebieterische Art, Ter.: dah. auch pro tua prudentia, deiner Klugheit gemäß, nach deiner Klugheit, Liv.: pro tuo amore, Liv. – 5) der Veranlassung, Bewirkung durch etwas, durch, fieri pro tribuno aedilem, Liv.: ut pro suffragio renuntiaretur, Cic.: pro praede litis vindiciarum cum satis accepisset, Cic. – ➳ In Zusammensetzungen ist das lateinische pro gew. lang, zuw. aber kurz (z.B. prŏfanus), das griechische pro (πρό) dagegen gew. kurz, zuw. aber lang (z.B. prōlogus).

1 pro [CL] 1 in front of, before. cumque pro foribus aulae in qua vesci consueverant transitum fecisset ‥ Osb. V. Elph. 125; pro foribus ecclesiae receptaculum illis [feminis] congruum aedificavere Gosc. Aug. Maj. 58B; putabat se pro foribus ‥ habitaculi assistere (Ithamar) NLA II; sedente episcopo ‥ pro tribunali Proc. A. Kyteler 25. 2 for the sake of or purpose of; b (in phr. attached to sb. w. ellipsis of vb.); c (w. gd. or gdv.). d (pro eo ut & subj. or sim.) so that, in order that. e (mittere pro or sim.) to send for (in order to obtain). f (pro meliori) for the best. eo quod sacrificium voluntarie seipsum optulit Patri pro nobis Theod. Laterc. 21; 679 pro remedium animae meae dono terram CS 45; collecta pro hoc ‥ synodo Bede HE IV 16 p. 242; mulier si filiam suam supra tectum ponet vel fornacem pro sanitatem [v. l. sanitate] febris, v annos peniteat Egb. Pen. 8. 2; omnis homo cesset a furto pro vita sua [AS: be his feore] (Quad.) GAS 161; 1220 qui pro negociis suis projectus est ad curiam Romanam Pat 280; pro majori securitate mortis scissum est gurgulio ejus Favent 18.  b 1314 in duobus molis pro mustardo Comp. Worc. 37; 1343 j equus albus pro sella elemosinar’ Ac. Durh. 205; 1392 pro iij canellis pro trahere vinum Ac. H. Derby 208; 1451 lego ‥ unam obbam pro vino MunAcOx 624.  c hanc ergo cum pro adjuvanda nave majori deposuissent in mare Bede Acts 992; debent pro caballo transducendo iij denarios DB I 12a; 1180 pro ‥ cumulum thalami fractum reficiendo Pipe 150; 1332 quemlibet bovem pro v s. et quamlibet vaccam pro xl d. pro lardarium regi imponendo LTR Mem 105 m. 13; pro libertate ecclesiastica ‥ roboranda Croyl. 5; c1420 ad aliquam universitatem pro clericis fiendis destinare Misc. Scrope 302; 1549 diligentiam faciant pro perquirendis et comprehendendis suis apostatis et fugitivis Conc. Scot. II 92.  d pro eo ut diceret, non cessabant haec semper decantare Bede Gen. 34D; 1265 mercatores ‥ vobiscum finem quadraginta marcarum fecerunt, pro sic ut eis essetis in auxilium ad navem illam ‥ reducendam Cl 61; 1276 dederunt Waltero de Bocking’ dim’ marcam pro sic quod reciperet eum sine ballivo hundredi Hund. I 180a..  e rex pro illo pictore destinavit, qui cum ad eum venisset G. Roman. 370; s1326 rex et ‥ Hugo le Spenser ‥ miserunt undique pro hominibus armorum de retinenciis suis Avesb. f. 77v p. 282.  f s1342 pro meliori exstitit concordatum quod ‥ Ad. Mur. Chr. 127; s1392 J. S. reluctari nitebatur primo valde constanter, demum tamen submisit se pro meliori, ut alii faciebant Chr. Westm. p. 208. 3 for the benefit or in the interest of. b (pro invicem) for one another. classis parata fortiter dimicare pro patria Gildas EB 6; imitans et in hoc Christum animam pro ovibus ponentem [cf. Joh. x 11 or xv 13] Ib. 11; pro me tuo peregrino / preces funde Theodoro Theod. Pen. (Verse Epil.) p. 203n; oravit pro animabus exercitus sui Bede HE III 12 p. 151; 836 ut elemosinam ‥ communiter pro me et pro totum gentem Merciorum tam benigniter stare demittetis et multiplicare dignemini CS 416.  b divertunt ergo ab invicem pontifices moerentes pro invicem, magis tamen pro se quisque pio timore sollicitus Osb. V. Dunst. 38 p. 116; a1074 hoc tantum restat ‥ ut pariter vel gaudeamus vel solliciti simus pro invicem Anselm (Ep. 4) III 104; c1082 studeamus ‥ pro invicem orare Lanfr. Ep. 10 (23 p. 106); cum singula illius corporis pro invicem sollicita sint membra: ut si quid patitur unum, compatiantur et reliqua Ad. Scot Serm. 355D. 4 in favour of (person or act). 1307 jurati concordaverunt ‥ et idem prefatus major cum aldermanno et communitate pronunciavit pro testamento isto tanquam legitime probato RR K's Lynn I 11; post sentenciam ‥ pro Athanasio [sc. latam a judice] Ockham Dial. 528. 5 in exchange for, as payment, reward, or retribution for. b (to indicate price) for. c (pro amore) for love, for free, gratis. pro modico furtu xx dies peniteat Egb. Pen. 3. 7; mercedarius, qui mercidem dat pro labore sibi inpenso GlC M 181; pro unaquaque harum forisfacturarum solvet regi c sol’ DB I 1rb; pro quibus [Merclesham et Havochesten] dedit canonicis iniquam commutationem DB I 22b; †948 (12c) ut pro caducarum expensione substanciarum percipere merear regnum CS 860; si ‥ aliquid ‥ acceperant ‥ pro disturbare ne inde ‥ querimonia veniret Gerv. Cant. Chr. I 218; c1280 pro qua terra ‥ prior et conventus ‥ Willelmo escambium equi valoris facient de terra de M. prenominata Feod. Durh. 189n..  b emit octavam partem ‥ molendini ‥ pro l solidis Cust. Battle 135; Ricardus Talbot pro ij millibus marcarum redemptus Ad. Mur. Chr. 75.  c c1330 sarclabit per unum diem pro amore ‥ et debet facere iij lovebones post precarias (Ext. Barenton’) Growth Eng. Ind. 585. 6 in place of, instead of. veneratio nequitiae pro benignitate, cupido tenebrarum pro sole Gildas EB 21; [barbosae mulieres] tigres et leopardos ‥ pro canibus nutriunt Lib. Monstr. I 22; sicut frustra panis pro frusta ‥ saepe scriptum invenimus Bede Acts 993; translato ergo ad caelestia regna Osualdo, suscepit regni terrestris sedem pro eo frater ejus, Osuiu Id. HE III 14 p. 154; oves pro ovis, immo potius oves cum ovis, lupo dedit Gir. GE II 34 p. 332. 7 in accordance or conformity with, according to. b (pro parte) partly, in part (also w. ordinal numeral to indicate exact part). c (pro rata) in proportion (to), proportionately. d (distributively, to indicate interest or percentage) for each, per. e (in phr., pro tanto quod or quanto.) in as much as. 847 pro possibilitate virium faciat sibi secundum Salvatoris praeceptum CS 451; si ‥ valuissem ‥ interpretationem pro posse virium ‥ exsolvere B. V. Dunst. 30; ille Romam pro more profectus W. Malm. Wulfst. I 10; denique ut questioni tue pro meo captu [v. l. pro posse] respondeam Rob. Bridl. Dial. 29; his dictis, pro velle disponentis confestim fiunt omnia T. Mon. Will. VI 15 p. 252; c1230 vidit capellanos quos constabularius pro voluntate sua vocabat ad celebrandum in castro de N. Feod. Durh. 224; 1415 volentes ‥ decretum ‥ predict’ ‥ execucioni ‥ pro virilibus demandari Conc. III 375.  b victo invisibili hoste pro parte a beato postquam adiit claustra arcisterii Byrht. V. Osw. 418; Radulphus ‥ Niger ‥ qui pro quarta parte navem possidebat W. Cant. Mir. Thom. III 47; est fons in Momonia cujus aqua si quis abluitur, pro parte vel pro toto canus efficitur Eul. Hist. II 128.  c c1250 tam expensis personarum quam vicariorum pro rata suarum portionum Conc. Scot. II 13; c1250 quelibet ecclesia pro rata temporis decimas percipiat Ib. II 22; c1350 dimidia pars precacionis ab eisdem pro rata porcionum suarum Ib. 73; 1354 les eschetours sont chargez ‥ a respoundre des parcelles de ditz rents et fermes pro rata temporis RParl II 260a; pro rata pecunie mutuam graciam receperunt G. S. Alb. II 417; auxilia eciam de coperticipibus [sic] qui reddent pro rata si tenementum coperticipum allotatum evincatur Fortescue LLA 53 p. 134.  d 1203 dabo illi pro libra duos denarios de lucro Starrs I 24; 1571 pro ‥ usura ‥ ultra ratam x li. pro c li. pro uno anno (v. collateralis 3c).  e caritas est laudabilis pro quanto est operis meritorii causa et principium Ockham Quodl. 592; pro tanto dixit apostolos in Judea non fuisse adeptos predia, quia non sic adepti fuerant ea ut illa sibi intenderent retinere Id. Dial. I 346; partim mensurabilis dicitur organum pro tanto quod non in omni parte sua tempore mensuratur Hauboys 182; c1410 vestre ‥ bonitati me recommendo ‥ graciarum acciones effundens ‥ pro tanto quod vestra ‥ bonitas ‥ michi non vetuit per vestrarum litterarum inscripta solacia ‥ promissionis fructu clemencius visitare FormOx 191. 8 with regard to, in respect of, concerning, about. isdem Osbernus tenet de episcopo Cilledene. pro uno solin et uno jugo et x acris se defendit DB I 11va; vide nunc quo modo, pro eo ut diximus, prefati numeri disponuntur Rob. Angl. (I) Alg. 122; de omnibus oneribus ‥ rector ‥ respondebit pro tribus partibus et moniales ‥ pro duabus partibus Dryburgh 27; 1321 major et communitas ‥ respondent quod istud breve non dirigitur ipsis majori et communitati, sed tamen ballivis ‥ regis; et ideo nichil facient pro brevi isto Lit. Cant. I 47; pro fundacione ‥ dedicacione ac antiquitate patet evidenter ex vetustissimo chronicarum libro Flete Westm. 34. 9 (w verb that expresses treatment, consideration, or assessment) as being (of certain condition, quality, or status), for. b (in quasi-adverbial phr. pro certo or constanti) for certain, as a certainty, with certainty, (pro vero) truly, as the truth. 948 bona voluntas in die examinationis pro bono opere reputabitur CS 869; 956 etenim liquet neminem licere amovere hoc donum nisi anathema fieri pro minimo ducat CS 957; pro miserrimis ergo habendi sumus qui cum tribus digitis nobis signaculum fidei imprimere possumus, hosti nobis noxio et pernicioso succumbimus Alex. Bath Mor. II 30 p. 151; pro multo infeliciore habendus est qui per caudam equi diaboli trahendus est ad furcas infernales Ib. III 12 p. 149; 1275 venit predictus officialis et petit ipsos tanquam clericos et ut sciatur pro quali ei liberari debeant, preceptum est ‥ SelCKB I 19; confirmatum fuit judicium ‥ tanquam bonum secundum legem ‥ Anglie ‥ qui ‥ judicium confirmaverunt pro bono State Tri. Ed. I 3; 1303 acquietanciam facimus per presentes loco omnium aliarum acquietanciarum que pro cassis amodo et juribus vacuis habeantur DCWestm. 12372; c1345 sentencia excommunicacionis ‥ involutus et ‥ pro tali publice denunciatus FormOx 133; ut ex domo ejus templum facerent et ipsum pro deo colerent W. Burley Vit. Phil. 80; 1397 item quod Gwiliam de Clonne ‥ adulterat cum Agnete Clerke quam tenet pro uxore, superstite alia uxore ‥ cujus nomen ignorant Vis. Heref. IV 445; 1419 T. G. ‥ capitur per suspicionem pro Scoto Mem. York II 116; 1424 capellanum ‥ in magistrum ‥ collegii ‥ electum et ‥ custodibus pro magistro ‥ collegii ‥ notorie nunciatum Lit. Cant. III 145; 1476 quid ipsum arestavit pro felone (AssizeR Newport) March. S. Wales 88.  b constat pro certo quia ‥ Bede Ep. Cath. 45; ut quod de ‥ Mildretha confinxerunt pro vero credatur Gosc. Lib. Mild. 1; pro certo non est simplex bonum cujus voluntate perit summum bonum Anselm (Mon. 18) I 33; pro certo didici Canon. G. Sempr. f. 128; 1301 intelligens ‥ pro constanti quod Chr. Rams. app. 374; s1239 haec est namque causa pro vero M. Par. Maj. III 588; scitate pro certo quod Ib. 596. 10 because of, in view of, on account of; b (w. inf. phr. treated as sb.). c (pro eo quod, ro qua, or sim.) because, in view of the fact that. Joel monens inertes sacerdotes ac deflens detrimentum populi pro iniquitatibus eorum Gildas EB 83; inlusio pro crapula facta a perceptione sacri mysterii prohibere non debet (Libellus Resp.) Bede HE I 27 p. 60; principes sublimiores ibi anhelabunt pro ardore non est qui faciat ventum illis Ps.-Bede Collect. 381; 705 hac ‥ pro causa Wealdhere Ep. 23; regi ‥ pro interna suimet neglegentia displicens Bede HE V 13 p. 311; si quis sepem vel fossatum fecerit, pro quo strictior fiat publica via regis DB I 12b; Heliensis pagus perpetuo putidus est pro circumfusis paludibus Devizes f. 39v p. 66; 1201 Jordanus prepositus episcopi Exoniensis interfectus fuit ‥ et pro morte ejus fugerunt Reginaldus B. et E. et P. SelPlCrown 1; 1218 inventus fuit mortuus in nive pro frigore Eyre Yorks 245; 1225 vicecomes dicit quod non potest apponere manum pro comite Sarr’ LTR Mem 7 m. 17d. (10d.); c1290 misit predictum hominem pro dicto suo ad prisonam State Tri. Ed. I 40; 1313 S. de H. existens super carectam ‥ cecidit pro mocione unius equi in eadem carecta ita quod ‥ statim obiit Eyre Kent 154.  b 1236 tenet Scorestan pro esse falkonarius domini regis Fees 586.  c hoc faciebant pro eo quod eis perdonaverat saccam et socam DB I 1ra; c1100 moriens monachis eam [sc. decimam] jure reliquit, pro qua monachi eum nutrierant et studiose docuerant (ch) Ord. Vit. V 19 p. 443; pro eo namque logica dicta est quod rationalis J. Sal. Met. 859D; inde expulsi, pro eo quod tributa ‥ solvere recusarent Diceto Chr. 79; 1285 occasione emende olim ‥ imposite Gaylardo C., Guillelmo R. C., ‥ pro eo quia ‥ non liberaverant ‥ Gailardum de S. a capcione RGasc II 243b; 1311 non poteramus nos intromittere, pro eo quia illud factum evenerat ante tempus treuge Ib. IV 562 p. 164b; s1322 pro eo quod ‥ confederatis favebat ‥ fuit ‥ decollatus Avesb. f. 77. 11 (in oaths): a by. b (pro Deo) in God’s name. a ho, hoh, pro gutture Dei! Devizes f. 36 p. 47; s1254 “o pro capite Dei” ut utar verbis suis [Hen. III] consuetis, “quid sibi vult istud? M. Par. Maj. V 451.  b 1219 peciit ipsa pro Deo ut dimitteret ei anulos CurR VIII 35. 12 (w words that express time) for a period of, for the duration of. b (pro tempore) for or at a certain time, at or for the time (being). non habetur cognicio propria simplex de aliquo singulari pro tempore pro quo non potest haberi cognicio ejus specifica Ockham Quodl. 74; s1102 hoc anno Henricus IV filius Henrici III cepit imperare apud Teutonicos, et regnavit pro ix annis Knighton I 117; innocens pro tempore pro quo servat innocenciam Wycl. Innoc. 489; c1415 habendum officium a ‥ vicesimo primo die Septembris pro termino vite vestre BBAdm I 374; 1441 concessimus prefato David Home officium ballivi de Coldingham pro quadraginta annis Pri. Cold. 126; s1398 ducem ‥ pro decem annis bannivit a regno Ad. Usk 24.  b habet abbas loci illius, qui pro tempore fuerit, pontificalia ornamenta M. Par. Maj. I 361; a1350 cancellarius, qui pro tempore fuerit, nullum licenciet ‥ nisi StatOx 29; abbas qui in monasterio beati Augustini Cantuariensis pro tempore fuerit Elmh. Cant. 454; volumus quod ‥ abbas et conventus pro tempore existentes exhibeant imperpetuum octo cereos ‥ supra tumbam nostram Test. Hen. V 90. 13 (w temporal adv.): a (pro nunc, also as one word) (for) now, at present, for the time being. b (pro tunc) at that time, then. c (pro semper or sim.) for ever. a 1292 viginti quatuor statuta pro nunc sufficiunt MunAcOx 61; 1318 ne que nobis pronunc constare videtur vos lateant, ecce DCCant. p. 220; nolo eos pro nunc audire Ockham Dial. 593; s1342 quod ad treugas ad minus pro nunc condescenderetis Ad. Mur. Chr. 224; quoniam pro nunc ‥ non asserimus R. Bury Phil. 2. 32; 1450 cellam ‥ pronunc possessam aut imposterum, cum vacaverit Pri. Cold. 168.  b inter metas terre Sancti Cuthberti protunc fuerat comprehensa (Brev. Chron.) Hexham I 220; omnis actus exterior potest elici a phrenetico et furioso, qui tamen pro tunc nullum actum virtuosum possunt habere Ockham Quodl. 101; 1399 ad terminandas, dissoluto parliamento, certas peticiones in eodem parliamento porrectas protunc minime expeditas RParl III 418b; 1431 ad ponendum ipsam multitudinem pro tunc in silencio et in cordium tranquillitate Cl 282 m. 17d.; 1442 rex, cum consilio suo ibidem protunc existenti mature avisatus Pri. Cold. 143; 1447 in denariis liberatis J. E. capellano, pro expensis J. W. protunc prioris, viz. a festo Pent’ usque diem resignacionis ejusdem Ac. Durh. 631.  c precepta armativa obligant semper, sed non pro semper Ockham Dial. 464; 1346 lectisternia viridia ‥ sine mora deponant simpliciter, et pro semper Conc. II 730b; s1457 in Turcorum ‥ opprobrium ‥ pro sempiterno Reg. Whet. I 269. 14 (understood as) away from. prosilaticum [v. l. profilaticum] dicitur a pro quod est procul et silacten [v. l. filacten] quod est custodire Alph. 150.

2 pro [CL], proh, proth , (interj., to express grief) oh! (usu. w. sb. in nom., also as one word). sed proh dolor indigna suorum parentum ‥ incuria ‥ illiteratus permansit Asser Alf. 22; incestuosi, parricide, homicide multi apud nos prodolor repperiuntur Bart. Exon. Pen. 68; 1308 sed, procholor! nova et calamitosa vox (Bulla Papae) Reg. Carl. II 3; 1319 ut jam prothdolor ‥ sola fuga ‥ eorum superbiam vincere nos speramus FormOx 49; c1322 proht dolor! Pol. Songs 270; proh dolor R. Bury Phil. 4. 60; s1355 universitate Oxonie pro dolor! dissoluta Avesb. f. 124; sed protholor, hiis diebus Brinton Serm. 51 p. 226; 1441 progdolor jam propter defectum observancie statuti StatOx 264; a1445 in presentis ‥ temporis fece [MS illegible] quo pro nephas proch malum proch pudor (Lit. Humf. Glouc) EHR XX 497; proth pudor Fortescue LLA 22 p. 50; propudor! quasi cum mureligis feras venatur qui feminam, quam tamen ad domesticam curam natura disposuit, educit a domo ad regendas gentes Id. NLN II 9.

1 prō (5) (prō- et prōd-, cf. re- et red-, se- et sed-).

I en composition : a) en avant, avant : procedo, profero, prodeo, proavus ; b) pour : prosum ; c) à la place de : proconsul ; d) en proportion : proquam, prout.

II prép. abl., ¶ 1 devant : sedens pro æde Castoris Cic. Phil. 3, 27, siégeant devant le temple de Castor ; pro castris copias producere Cæs. G. 1, 48, faire avancer les troupes devant le camp ¶ 2 du haut de et en avant : pro templis Cic. Mil. 2, sur les degrés des temples ; pro tribunali Cic. Pis. 11, du haut du tribunal, cf. Cæs. G. 6, 3, 6 ; Sall. J. 67, 1 ; Liv. 21, 7, 8 || sur le devant, devant : pro contione Sall. J. 8, 2, devant lʼassemblée, cf. Curt. 10, 5, 10, etc.; Liv. 7, 7, 3, etc.; pro consilio Sall. J. 29, 6, devant le conseil ¶ 3 pour, en faveur de : pro aliquo (aliqua re) Cic. Clu. 88, CM 11, pour qqn (qqch.) ¶ 4 pour, à la place de, au lieu de : pro vallo carros objicere Cæs. G. 1, 26, 3, opposer des chariots en guise de retranchement, cf. Cæs. G. 3, 29, 1, etc. ; pro magistro est quidam L. Carpinatius Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 169, il y a tenant la place du maître [comme sous-directeur] un certain L. Carpinatius ; pro consule Cic. de Or. 1, 82 ; pro quæstore Cic. Ac. 2, 11, en qualité de proconsul, de proquesteur, v. proconsul, proprætor, s. v. pro prætor, etc. ; Cato qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1, Caton qui à lui seul en remplace pour moi cent mille ¶ 5 pour = comme [identité]: pro occiso relictus Cic. Sest. 81, laissé pour mort, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33 ; pro perfuga Cæs. G. 3, 18, 3, comme transfuge, en jouant le rôle de transfuge, aliquid pro certo ponere Cæs. G. 7, 5, 6, avancer qqch. comme certain ; pro explorato, pro re comperta habere, v. ces mots ¶ 6 pour, en retour de : aliquid pro carmine dare Cic. de Or. 2, 351, donner qqch. pour un poème, cf. Cæs. G. 6, 16, 3, ¶ 7 en proportion de : pro hostium numero Cæs. G. 1, 51, 1, proportionnellement au nombre des ennemis, cf. Cæs. G. 1, 2, 5 ; agere pro viribus Cic. CM 27, faire dans la mesure de ses forces ; pro mea, pro tua parte Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 3, pour ma, ta part, dans la mesure de mes, de tes moyens ; pro se quisque Cic. Off. 3, 58, chacun pour sa part ; pro tempore et pro re Cæs. G. 5, 8, 1, conformément au temps et aux circonstances, cf. Cæs. G. 7, 56, 4 ; 7, 74, 1 ; copiæ majores quam pro reliquiis belli Liv. 29, 32, 3, troupes trop nombreuses par rapport à ce qui restait de guerre || pro eo ac Cic. Cat. 4, 3, en proportion de ce que, dans la mesure où, cf. Sulp. Ruf. d. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1 ; pro eo ac si Cic. Inv. 1, 54, dans la même proportion que si, comme si ; pro eo, quantum Cic. Fin. 4, 58, en proportion de ce qui...; pro eo quanti te facio Cic. Fam. 3, 3, 2, en proportion de lʼestime que jʼai pour toi ¶ 8 en raison de, en vertu de : pro tua prudentia Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2, en raison de ta sagesse, cf. Cic. Mur. 86 ; pro suffragio Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 127, en vertu du vote, par lʼeffet du vote.

2 prō (10) (moins bon proh ), interj., oh ! ah ! ¶ 1 [avec voc.] : pro supreme Juppiter ! Ter. Ad. 196, oh, tout-puissant Jupiter ! pro dii immortales ! Cic. Pomp. 33, ah ! dieux immortels ! cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 32 ¶ 2 [acc.] pro deum hominumque fidem ! Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, que les dieux et les hommes mʼassistent, v. fides, fin || [avec ellipse de fidem ] : pro deum immortalium ! Ter. Phorm. 351, que les immortels mʼassistent ! ¶ 3 [seul] hélas ! : tantum, pro ! degeneramus... ut Liv. 22, 14, 6, nous dégénérons, hélas ! au point que, cf. Curt. 4, 16, 10 ; Ov. H. 3, 98.

pro . praep. abl.
當。如。護。照。因。為。替。— aede Jovis 雷神廟前。— nihilo habere 不當事。視之如無。— valetudine est 此爲養身。— mercede 顶工錢。 — numero militum 照兵多寡。— re nata 隨時。照光景。— mea parte 論吾分。— virili parte 盡力。— certo ponere 以爲一定。 — testimonio dicere 於案中稱云。— eo quanti te facio, quidquid feceris, approbabo 因我重汝任汝所爲吾转以爲可。— eo ac si diceret esse optimum 其意謂是至善。— seditione res erat 事情將起亂。Laudati — concione 當衆讚美之。Statua — patibulo fuit 石像當刑架。

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prō (1) adv.

• , see prout.

prō (2) praep.with abl.

• PRO-.—Of place, before, in front of, in face of: sedens pro aede Castoris: pro castris dimicare, Cs.: castra pro moenibus locata, L.: pro castris suas copias produxit, before the camp, Cs.: pro tectis aedificiorum, from the roofs, S.—Of conspicuous appearance or publicity, before, in the presence of, on, in, in front of: hac re pro suggestu pronuntiatā, coming forward on the tribune, Cs.: me significasse . . . idque pro tribunali, in open court: laudatus pro contione Iugurtha, before the assembled army, S.: pro contione litteras recitare, to the assembly, Cu.: uti pro consilio imperatum erat, in the council, S.: pro collegio pronuntiare, L.—Of defence or protection, for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, in the service of, on the side of: contra omnia dici et pro omnibus: hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius: haec contra legem proque lege dicta, L.: labores dolorem pro patriā suscipere: pro patriā mori, H.: urbes pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae, S.: et locus pro vobis et nox erit, L.—Of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for: ego pro te molam, T.: saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus: pro bene sano fictum vocamus, H.—Esp., in titles: pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens, vice-consul: pro consulibus alqm mittere, non pro consule, instead of the consuls, not as proconsul: cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem: pro magistro: ut, qui pro dictatore fuisset, dictator crederetur, L.—Of compensation, for, in exchange for, in return for: pro huius peccatis ego supplicium sufferam, T.: dimidium eius quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum: id pro immolatis Romanis poenae hostibus redditum, L.: dedit pro corpore nummos, as a ransom, H.—Of equivalence, for, the same as, just as, as: hunc amavi pro meo, as my own, T.: qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus, of as much weight with me: quos pro nihilo putavit: pro occiso relictus, for dead: cum pro damnato esset, as good as condemned: neque recte neque pro bono facere (i. e. ita, ut pro bono habeatur), S.: pro vano nuntius audiri, as a boaster, L.—Esp., in phrases. —Pro eo, as an equivalent, just the same: sin minus, pro eo tamen id habeamus.—Pro eo atque, just the same as, even as: pro eo ac mereor, just as I deserve: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty. —Pro eo quod, for the reason that, because: pro eo quod eius nomen erat magnā apud omnīs gloriā. —Of relation or proportion, for, in proportion, in comparison with, in accordance with, according to, conformably to, by virtue of: pro multitudine hominum angusti fines, Cs.: exercitum pro loco atque copiis instruit, S.: agere pro viribus: quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat, in consideration of, L.: illum submovere pro imperio more maiorum, summarily, L.: satis pro imperio, dictatorially enough, T.: pro tuā prudentiā: pro tempore et pro re, according to time and circumstances, Cs.: pro facultatibus, N.—In phrases, with parte: quibus aliquid opis fortasse, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset, each according to his own measure of influence: pro meā tenui parte id defendere, to the best of my poor ability: pro virili parte, manfully: rerum gestarum memoriae pro virili parte consuluisse, i. e. to have done my share towards preserving, L.: beneficio plus quam pro virili parte obligatus, i. e. under more than personal obligations. —For pro ratā parte, see ratus.—With eo: pro magnitudine iniuriae, proque eo quod res p. temptatur, vindicare, as required by the fact that, etc.: pro antiquitate generis sui, pro eo, quod, etc., in view of the fact: ea pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda, according to the weight of each.—Pro se quisque, each for himself, each in his measure, individually: pro se quisque quod ceperat adferebat: cum pro se quisque operam navare cuperet, Cs.: pro se quisque viri nituntur, V.

prō (3)

• (not prōh), interj., of wonder or lamentation, O! Ah! Alas!: pro, quanta potentia regni Est tui!O.: tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus, L.: pro di inmortales: Pro curia inversique mores!H.: pro divom fidem!T.: pro deorum atque hominum fidem!—In direct address, O! Thou!: pro Sancte Iuppiter!

prō quaestōre see pro and quaestor.