funda

funda , ae, f.: a sling, 9.586.

funda, ae, f. [Sanscr. spandē, itch; Gr. σφαδάζω, to move convulsively; σφοδρός, σφεδανός, impassioned; σφενδόνη; cf. 3. fūsus], a sling.

• I Lit.: funda dicta eo, quod ex ea fundantur lapides, id est emittantur, Isid. Orig. 18, 10, 1: inde fundis, sagittis, tormentis hostes propelli ac summoveri jussit, Caes. B. G. 4, 25, 1; 5, 35 fin.; 5, 43, 1; Liv. 38, 29, 4 sq.; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 201; Plaut. Poen. 2, 32 (480) sq.; Ter. Eun. 786; Cic. poët. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 73; Verg. G. 1, 309; id. A. 9, 586; Ov. M. 4, 517 al.—
• II Transf.
• • A That which is thrown with a sling, the sling-stone, missile, Sil. 10, 152. —
  • B A casting-net, drag-net, Verg. G. 1, 141.—
  • C (From the similarity to the hollow of a sling in which the stone lay, like σφενδόνη.) The hollow of a ring in which a jewel is set, the bezel, Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 116 (in Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38, called pala anuli).—
  • D A money-bag, purse, Macr. S. 2, 4 fin.

funda, ae, f. (aus griech. σφενδόνη), I) der Schleuderriemen, die Schleuder, eminus fundis sagittis reliquisque telis pugnare, Caes.: fundā mittere glandes et lapides, Liv.: fundis excutere lapides et sagittas, Curt.: fundā graviter ici, Liv.: in adversum os fundā vulnerari, Caes. – II) meton.: A) für das Geschleuderte, die Kugel (glans), Sil. 10, 152. – B) von schleuderartig gestalteten Gegenständen: 1) ein trichterförmiges, am Rande mit Bleikugeln beschwertes Netz, das Wurfnetz, Verg. georg. 1, 141. – 2) wegen der Vertiefung, in der der Schleuderstein liegt, am Ringe die Vertiefung, in der der Stein sitzt, der Kasten des Rings, als Übersetzung von σφενδόνη, (gemmam) fundā cludere od. includere, Plin. 37, 117 u. 126. – 3) ein Geldsäckchen, ein Geldbeutelchen, Phaedr. app. III, 6, 14 Dressel. Macr. sat. 2, 4, 31.

1 funda [CL], ~us 1 leather strap for hurling stones, sling (also fig.); b (as part of siege-engine); c (as part of sling-staff). d (fig.) scrotum. Eddi 13 (v. Davidicus); lapis in ~a expeditus ponitur ut abiciatur Bede Kings 719; habet ingressum amplitudinis quasi jactus ~ae Id. HE IV 13; unam ~am dona mihi ut aves in campo possim jacere [gl.: warpan] cum ea Ælf. Bata 4. 16 p. 41; usum ‥ jaciendi missilia et lapides manu vel ~a docuit J. Sal. Pol. 595C; hii ergo arma peditum suscipiant pastoralia, ~am et baculum et lapides et peram et arcum et sagittas R. Niger Mil. I 16; Garl. Epith. VII 299–300 (v. dilapidare 1a); 1298 venerunt in alto vico ‥ cum arcubus et sagittis, gladiis et bocleariis, ~is et lapidibus, et aliis diversis armis SelCCoron 90; est ibi funda manu, lapides quoque limpidiores Gower VC I 869; s1263 clerici ‥ universitatis Oxoniae, que quidem universitas jussu baronum ibidem translata fuerat, ‥ majora fecerunt mala quam ceteri barones cum ~is et arcubus et balastis Knighton I 242.  b balearis, ~a que plures similes jacit lapides Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 76; Devizes 34v; Neckam Ut. 104 (v. Balearis a); quinque ~is balearicis muros et hostium turres tentant concutere Osb. Bawdsey clxvii; 1198 cordas ad ligandum mangonellos et vij ~as ad perrerias RScacNorm II 464; 1245 (v. blida); c1275 in viij coreis emptis ad fondas ingeniorum KR Ac 467/7/3; 1277 in ij coreis de bugle ad ~as ingenii xxvj s. viij d. Ib. 467/7/7 m. 2; 1295 David Fusori pro xij pollivis et una ~a ponderis xxxv li. Ib. 5/9; 1303 Ade de Wynton’ sutori pro uno corio equino ‥ pro ~is inde faciendis pro ingenio principis facto pro obsidione castri Ib. 363/18 f. 9; 1339 in sex sutoribus ‥ ad sutandum iij fundos pro magno ingenio ‥ item in uno coreo empto pro eodem fundo Ib. 462/15 m. 3 (cf. ib. m. 5: ad sutandum ij ~as pro duabus ingeniis); s1337 machinamentum maximum cum ~o proiciens immanes petras Plusc. IX 36; 1495 pro una fonda vocata a gonne Ac. Chamb. Cant. 146.  c Garl. Dict. 130–1 (v. fustibulum); 1298 (v. baculus 2g); 1302 (v. baculinus).  d captus erit Fodius; captus non totus abibit, / mecum devenient funda petreque simul Babio 338. 2 casting-net (for fishing). ~a, retia linea GlC F 422; ~a ‥ genus piscatorie GlH F 1018; jaculum vel ~a, widnyt vel fla Ælf. Gl. 118; gurgustio vel ~a [gl.: virga hamata] vel fuscina [gl.: idem] vel jaculo [gl.: reiz] vel amitte [gl.: hamus] levi Neckam Ut. 97. 3 purse; cf. It. fonda. 1277 computati fuerunt in dicto scrinio septuaginta sacculi mediocres et magni et unus parvus et una fonda clausa in quibus erant, ut dicebatur, sterlingi EHR XXXII 75 (cf. ib. 77: in una fonda de corio).

2 funda v. 2 fundus

funda, (12) æ, f. (cf. σφενδόνη), ¶ 1 fronde : Cæs. G. 4, 25, 1, etc. ; Liv. 38, 24, 4 ; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 10, 1 ¶ 2 balle de plomb [lancée avec la fronde] : Sil. 10, 152 ¶ 3 tramail, sorte de filet : Virg. G. 1, 141 ¶ 4 chaton de bague : Plin. 37, 116 ¶ 5 bourse : Macr. Sat. 2, 4, 31.

funda , ae. f.
石套。斗網。戒指。凸鼓。

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funda ae, f

• a sling, T., C., O.: fundis hostes propelli iussit, Cs.: fundā mittere glandes, L.: stridens, V.—A casting-net, drag-net: fundā verberat amnem, V.

FUNDA

FUNDA(σφενδόνη), a sling. The light troops of the Greek and Roman armies included a certain proportion of slingers (funditores, σφενδονῆται). In the earliest times, however, the sling appears not to have been used by the Greeks. It is not mentioned in the Iliad; for in the only passage (Il. 13.600) in which the word σφενδόνη occurs, it is used in its original signification of a bandage. But in the times of the Persian wars slingers had come into use; for among the other troops which Gelon offered to send to the assistance of the Greeks against Xerxes, mention is made of 2000 slingers (Hdt. 7.158); and that the sling was then familiar to the Greeks is also evident from allusions in literature (Archil. fr. 3, Bergk; Aesch. Agam. 1010; Eurip. Phoen. 1142; Aristoph. Av. 1185). At the same time it must be stated that we rarely read of slingers in these wars; the use of the sling was a barbarian rather than a Greek accomplishment, and found in the highest perfection among Egyptians and Persians, as later among the Spaniards and Baleares. Among the Greeks the Acarnanians, a backward people, attained to the greatest expertness in the use of this weapon (Thuc. 2.81); and at a later time the Achaeans, especially the inhabitants of Aegium, Patrae, and Dyme, were celebrated as expert slingers. The slings of these Achaeans were made of three thongs (scutalia) of leather, and not of one only, like those of other nations (Liv. 38.29). To the same period, the days of the Achaean league, is ascribed the invention of the κεστροσφενδόνη (cestrosphendone, Liv. 42.65), described below.

In the early Roman army, slingers formed a part of the fifth or lowest Servian class (Donys. 4.17; Liv. 1.43; Fest. Epit. p. 369 M.: cf. EXERCITUSp. 782 a; Marquardt, Staatsverw. 2.317); but in the great days of the Punic and Macedonian wars they were no longer to be found in the legions, and the Balearic slingers of Hannibal were opposed by Greek, Syrian, and African auxiliaries (Marquardt, ib. 332-3). The people who enjoyed the greatest celebrity as slingers were the natives of the Balearic islands. Their skill in the use of this weapon is said to have arisen from the circumstance that, when they were children, their mothers obliged them to obtain their food by striking it with a sling. (Veget. de Re Mil. 1.16; Strab. 3. p. 168.) Most slings were made of leather, but the Balearic were manufactured out of a kind of rush (Strab. l. c.). The manner in which the sling was wielded may be seen in the annexed figure (Bartoli, Col. Traj. tav. 46) of a soldier with a supply of stones in the sinus of his pallium, and with his arm extended in order to whirl the sling about his head (Verg. A. 9.587, 588; 11.579-Z2). Besides stones, bullets, called glandes (μολυβδίδες), of a form between acorns and almonds, were cast in moulds to be thrown with slings (Lucret. 6.176 ; Ovid, Ov. Met. 2.727, 7.777-Z2, 14.825-Z2, 826). They have been found on the plain of Marathon and in other parts of Greece, and are remarkable for the inscriptions and devices which they exhibit, such as thunderbolts, the names of persons, and the word ΔΕΞΑΙ, meaning Take this. (Mommsen, in Zeitschrift für die Alterthums-wissenschaft, 1846, p. 782; Guhl and Koner, ed. 5, p. 324.) The ridiculous notion that these bullets melted in the air was widely diffused in the ancient world, and not confined to poetry (Lucret. l. c.; Verg. A. 9.588; Ov. Met. 2.727, 14.826-Z2): even the father of science maintains it (Aristot. de Caelo, 2.7: οἷον καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν φερομένων βελῶν· ταῦτα γὰρ αὐτὰ ἐκπυροῦται οὕτως ὥστε τήκεσθαι τὰς μολυβδίδας). It may have arisen, as Pauly points out (s. v. Funditores), from the flattening of the soft metal when it strikes a hard surface. Another missile was called κέστρος, a particular kind of bolt with an iron head six inches long, attached to a wooden shaft nine inches long, and the thickness of a man's finger; it was furnished with three short wooden wings, resembling the feathers of an arrow, and was discharged from a sling with two scutalia, called κεστροσφενδόνη (Liv. 42.65; Polyb. xxvii. fr. 9 ap. Suid. s. v. κέστρος: Livy here evidently translates Polybius).

Besides slings, stones thrown with the hand alone were likewise used in ancient warfare: the Libyans carried no other weapons than three darts and a bag full of stones (Diod. Sic. 3.49). The Athenian ψιλοὶ annoyed the Spartans in Sphacteria, τοξεύμασι καὶ ἀκοντίοις καὶ λίθοις καὶ σφενδόναις (Thucyd. 4.32), where λίθοι seem to be hand-thrown stones; πετροβόλοι are mentioned, Xen. Hell. 2.4, § 12. We find them also among the later Romans (Veget. 1.16, 2.23).

From the resemblance to a sling, funda also means (1) a casting-net, ἀμφίβληστρον (Verg. G. 1.141); (2) a purse or money-bag, from the way it was slung (Macrob. Sat. 2.4.31); (3) the bezel of a ring, i. e. the rim in which the gem is set, and which holds it as a sling does its stone (Rich): praestantiores [iaspides ] funda cluduntur ut sint patentes ab utraque parte nec praeter margines quicquam auro amplectente, a good description of a setting à jour (Plin. Nat.37.116; cf. § 126).

[J.Y] [W.W]

Funda

(σφενδόνη). (1) A sling for discharging stones, or leaden plummets (glandes) — a weapon commonly used in warfare by the Spaniards, Persians, Egyptians, and other foreign nations; and also occasionally by the Romans, as is shown by the annexed illustration, representing a Roman soldier in the army of Trajan, from the column erected in honour of that emperor (Plin. H. N. vii. 37; Georg. i. 309).

(2) (ἀμφίβληστρον). A casting-net; employed, like our own, for taking fish in rivers (Georg. i. 141; Serv. ad l.; Isidor. Orig. xix. 5, 2); but apparently cast from behind, and over the right shoulder, instead of being discharged from the left shoulder and in front of the person throwing it, as is now the practice.

(3) A bag or pack slung over the shoulders, for the convenience of carrying money, or any other small articles (Macrob. Sat. ii. 4); probably so called because, with the straps which fastened it, it had the appearance of a sling, as shown by the annexed illustration, from the device on a bronze lamp.

(4) (σφενδόνη, πυελίς). The bezel of a ring—that is, the rim in which the gem is set and which holds it as a sling does its stone; more especially so called when the setting is transparent (Plin. H. N. xxxvii. 37, 42).