macellum

măcellum, i (măcellus, i, m., Mart. 10, 96, 9), n. [root μαχ-; cf. Gr. μάχομαι, to fight; cf. μάχαιρα, μάχη, and mactāre; prop. butcher's stall, shambles; hence, transf.], meat-market, provision-market (where flesh, fish, and vegetables were sold).

• I Lit.: venio ad macellum, rogito pisces, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 3 (373): apud emporium atque in macello, id. Am. 4, 1, 4 (1012): nostin' porticum apud macellum hac deorsum? Ter. Ad. 573: excandefacere annonam macelli, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 16; cf.: putarem annonam in macello cariorem fore, Cic. Div. 2, 27, 59: barathrum macelli, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 31: quae est ista laus, quae possit e macello peti? Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 50: dispositis circa macellum custodibus, Suet. Caes. 43: cetariorum, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7: ad ipsum introitum exspectare macelli, Juv. 11, 10: retibus adsiduis penitus scrutante macello proxima, id. 5, 95.—In masc.: conturbator macellus, Mart. 10, 96, 9.—Plur.: fercula nullis ornata macellis, Juv. 11, 64.—*
• II Transf., meat: arcessitur inde macellum, Manil. 5, 370.

macellum, ī, n. (vgl. unser »Metzel«), I) der Ort, wo Fleisch, Geflügel, Fische, Küchengewächse usw. verkauft werden, der Fleischmarkt, annona macelli, Varro u. Suet.: tholi macelli, Varro fr., fauces macelli, Cic.: venio ad macellum, Plaut.: ad macellum adventamus, Ter.: annonam in macello cariorem fore, Cic.: pecus lanienae et macello destinatum, Tertull. – II) meton., was auf dem Fleischmarkte verkauft wird, Fleisch u. andere Lebensmittel, Plin. 19, 52. Manil. 5, 377.

macellum [CL], ~a [ML] 1 market: a (meat-market, shambles); b (in gl.); c (fish-market). a comes de M. habet ibi xiiij mansiones et ij bancos in ~o DB I 298ra; ea [caro] ‥ que in ~o venditur Bald. Cant. Sacr. Alt. 701A; c1200 in mascello terram quam Simon tenuit Cart. Osney I 377; 1260 stallus Halegod in ~a in platea boreali (Rental) Cart. Osney III 108; 1273 [the parish of St Nicholas] de ~is [i. e. St Nicholas Shambles, London] DC S. Paul. p. 22b (cf. ib.: 13‥ ad ~um; MGL II 235: 1303 [ecclesia] Nicholai ad ~as; ib. I 607: 1419 furatus fuit unam tibiam multonis ad ~as S. Nicholai; London Topographical Record XVI (1932) 9–51); 1290 venit in marcell’ apud Wolcherchawe et furtive abcidit bursam suam Gaol Del. 36/1 m. 5d..  b †conficina, ~um GlC C 771 (cf. Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 119: hec carnificina, -e, i. ~um); ~um, flæcstræt, vel flæccyping Ælf. Gl. 145; ~um i. mazakerie GlSid 14 p. 137; carnifices in macillis [v. l. ~is; gl.: en estauz vel en la bocherie, etc.] suis vendentes carnes grossas bovinas ‥ Garl. Dict. 127; hoc ~um, bochery WW.  c cetarium -rii, i. ~um ubi venditur cete Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 108. 2 butchery, slaughter. s1257 homines consumpti sunt gladio ‥, pecora macie vel ~o M. Par. Maj. V 660.

măcellum, (12) ī, n. , ¶ 1 marché [surtout des viandes] : Pl. Aul. 373 ; Cic. Div. 2, 59 || abattoir : Gloss. ¶ 2 marché, provisions quʼon fait au marché : Plin. 19, 52 ; Manil. 5, 377.

macellum ī, n

• 1 MAC-, a butcher's stall, shambles, meat-market, provision-market: porticus apud macellum, T.: annona in macello carior: barathrum macelli, H.: omne macellum, all the hucksters, H.: Fercula nullis ornata macellis, Iu.

MACELLUM

MACELLUM(ὀψοπωλία, ὀψοπωλεῖον, κρεοπωλεῖον), a provision market for butchers, fishmongers, poulterers, fruiterers, and confectioners: see Ter. Eun. 2.2, 24, ad macellum ubi advenimus concurrunt . . . cuppedinarii omnes, cetarii, lanii, coqui, fastores, piscatores (cf. Plant. Aul. 2.8, 3; Hor. Sat. 2.3, 229; Epist. 1.15, 31). These provisions were formerly found at Rome in their separate markets--the forum boarium, piscatorium, olitorium: but for convenience the market was brought together in the macellum, built B.C. 179 to the north of the Forum (Fest. s. v. macellum). Varro (L. L. 4.32) and Festus speak of a robber Romanius Macellus, whose house was demolished that a market might be established on the site; but it must be confessed that the story has a suspicious appearance of growing out of the name macellum Romanum, and either Curtius' reference to macto (Greek Etym. 338), or the identification with the Greek μάκελον or μάκελλον (which Varro himself suggests as the alternative), may be accepted in preference. The latter, which seems the more probable, is connected with the word maceria, a roughly built wall, and thus macellum may be assumed to have got its name from being an enclosed space. With this agrees Varro's expression aedificatus locus appellatus macellum; and it had booths in its colonnade (macellariae tabernae, Val. Max., 4). To this earliest macellum we refer Cic. pro Quint. 6, 25, ab atriis Liciniis et faucibus macelli. The atria Licinia seem to have been auction rooms (cf. de Leg. Agr. 1.3, 7) near the forum. The Macellum magnum was in the second region on the Cispian hill, and is placed by some at S. Stefano Rotondo, it being suggested that the circular construction, with pillars, is planned upon the old market buildings (Burn, Rome and Compagna, p. 221). This is purely conjectural. A similar rotunda is found on a coin of Nero, with the inscription. macellum Augusti (Eckel, 6.273). The Macellum Livianum was near the Porta Esquilina and the Arch of Gallienus. It is probable that the macellum of B.C. 179 was destroyed to make room for the forum Augusti, and that Augustus built, instead of it, the macellum which he named after Livia. (See Richter, ap. Baumeister, Denkm. p. 1534.) To the macella the cooks would go to buy, and the less wealthy marketed there for themselves (Juven. 11.10). The salesmen in it were called macellarii (Suet. Jul. 26; Vesp. 19). Julius Caesar tried to check extravagance by putting the macella under police control, and the same control through the aediles was attempted by Tiberius, moved apparently by the tale of mullets at 10,000 sesterces apiece (Suet. Jul. 43; Tib. 34).

The Athenian provision market was called, as a general term, ὀψοπωλία (Athen. p. 6 a); but more frequently we find the different departments αἱ ἰχθῦς, τὸ ὄψον, τὰ ἄλφιτα, &c., which were in divisions in the market-place called κύκλοι. [AGORA] The signal for a sale was given by a bell ringing, when marketers, cooks, &c., flocked there (see Mahaffy, Social Life in Greece, ch. 10).

[J.Y] [G.E.M]

Macellum

(ὀψοπωλία, ὀψοπωλεῖον, and κρεοπωλεῖον). A market for provisions of all kinds— meat, fish, poultry, fruit, etc. At Athens, the separate kinds of wares were sold in the divisions of the market-place, called κύκλοι. The opening of a sale was announced by the ringing of a bell. See Mahaffy, Social Life in Greece, ch. x., and the article agora.

At Rome, there were originally separate markets for the sale of each kind of food, thus the Forum Boarium for meat, Olitorium for vegetables, Piscatorium for fish, etc., but in B.C. 179 a great Macellum, or general market, was built north of the Forum Romanum ( Fest. s. v. macellum), and afterwards, a number of other macella arose, such as the Macellum Augusti mentioned on a coin of Nero (Eckhel, vi. 273), and the Macellum Livianum near the Porta Esquilina. The market-men were called macellarii (Suet. Iul. 26).