musculus

muscŭlus, i, m. dim. [mus], a little mouse.

• I Lit., Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33; Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 52.—
• II Transf.
• • A Of other creatures.
  • • 1 A companion of the whale, Plin. 9, 62, 88, § 186; called musculus marinus, id. 11, 37, 62, § 165.—
    • 2 A sea-mussel, Cels. 3, 6; 2, 29; Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 9 (298) (al. mytilus). —
  • B Of things.
  • • 1 A muscle of the body: quodcunque musculum laesit, Cels. 5, 26, 3; 8, 1: femorum, Luc. 9, 771.—Trop., muscle, vigor (post-Aug.): hanc (historiam) ossa, musculi, nervi decent, vigor, force, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 10.—
    • 2 In milit. lang., a shed, mantelet (cf.: vinea, testudo); for its form and construction, v. Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 1; id. B. G. 7, 84; Veg. R. Mil. 4, 16.—
    • 3 A kind of small sailing vessel: longae naves sunt, quas dromones vocamus: dictae eo quod longiores sint ceteris: quibus contrarius musculus, curtum navigium, Isid. Orig. 19, 1.

mūsculus, ī, m. (Demin. v. mus), I) das Mäuschen, die kleine Maus, musculorum iecuscula, Cic.: litteras a musculis tueri, Plin.: m. aquatilis, Wassermaus, Plin. – II) übtr.: A) die Maus am Körper, der Muskel, Cels. u.a.: im Bilde, orationem ossa, musculi, nervi decent, Plin. ep. 5, 8, 10. – B) eine Art Schutzdach, unter dem die Belagerer standen u. arbeiteten, die Breschhütte, Caes. b. c. 2, 10, 1. Veget mil. 4, 13: synk., musclus, Charis. 95, 11. – C) musculus marinus, eine große Walfischart, der Bartenwalfisch, Plin. 11, 165: bl. musculus, Plin. 9, 186. – D) die Miesmuschel, Plaut. rud. 298. Cels. 2, 29.

musculus [CL], 3 muscula 1 little mouse. ~us ‥, i. parvus mus Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 342; hic ~us, A. a lytyl mus. est musculus piscis, parvus mus, pars †tibiales [l. tibiales] WW; Ib. (v. 2c, 3 infra). 2 (sea creature): a mussel, edible bivalve mollusc; b kind of whale; c pilot-fish. a exceptis variorum generibus concyliorum, in quibus sunt et ~ae, quibus inclusam saepe margaritam ‥ inveniunt Bede HE I 1 p. 10; †genisculus [? l. genisculas], muscellas GlC G 55; quid capis in mari? ‥ ~as [AS: muslan] torniculi, neptigalli Ælf. Coll. 94; ~o, muxle (Id. Gl.) Teaching Latin I 25; varia conchiliorum genera; inter que sunt et ~e quibus sepe inclusam margaritam omnis quidem coloris optimam inveniunt H. Hunt. HA I 1; 1278 posicio ~orum: ‥ idem respondet de xxiiij s. pro ~is positis super libertat’ domini (Ac. Milton) DCCant.; 1299 loca ~orum: ‥ de xl s. de locis ~orum hoc anno (Ib.) Ib.; 1309 redditus ~orum in litore maris, xl s. (Milton) MinAc Essex; c1320 ostria et ~as (Eyre) Lond. Ed. I & II II 181; de singulis batellis applicantibus cum ostris et musclis Ib. 182; 1378 pro muskelis collectis infra dominium contra defensionem messoris Hal. Durh. 143; 1382 ~as (v. 1 manda); 1413 quosdam batellos suos cum ostriis et ~is careari ‥ fecerunt Cl 263 m. 35; 1486 et dragging ~orum in Tilbery Hope in eodem com’ Essex’ Pat 563 m. 4 (24).  b [pisces] diversi sunt, utpote ‥ murena, ~us [gl.: baleyn, wal] et epimera Neckam Ut. 97.  c est musculus piscis WW (v. 1 supra). 3 muscle. digitalium ~orum, fingir doccana GlC D 294; ~us ‥ pro quadam parte brachii dicitur Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 342; Alf. Angl. Cor 6. 1 (v. 2 dilatare 1d); secundo mense producitur in spiritus lacerti, ~i, et rotundi Quaest. Salern. B 194; vis ‥ motiva et efficiens motum est illa vis que operatur in nervis et in ~is J. Blund An. 55; ~us est membrum exterius et [ex] ligamentis et carne nervorum et ligamentorum intersticia replens conpositum ut ipso tracto vel dilatato secundum sui partes sequitur extensio vel incurtatio membri mediante corda ‥ Ps.-Ric. Anat. 42 p. 28; omnis motus animalis qui incedit secundum rectum provenit a motu nervorum et ~orum qui fit per constriccionem seu dilatacionem Gros. Hexaem. X 2. 7; in feretro Sancti Dunstani continentur ‥ duo brachia cum suis duobus mustellis ‥ due tibie cum suis duobus mustellis (Reliquiae) Domerh. Glast. app. 445. 4 sort of small boat. dromo, longa navis ‥ ~us dicitur parva navis Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 174; ~us, genus parve navis Ib. 367.

mūscŭlus, (12) ī, m. , dim. de mus, ¶ 1 petit rat, petite souris : Cic. Div. 2, 33 ; Plin. 27, 52 ¶ 2 moule [coquillage] : Cels. Med. 3, 6 ; Pl. Rud. 297 ¶ 3 muscle : Cels. Med. 5, 26, 3 || [fig.] : Plin. Min. Ep. 5, 8, 10 ¶ 4 sorte de galerie couverte mobile [pour protéger les assaillants] : Cæs. G. 7, 84, 2 ; C. 2, 10 ¶ 5 sorte dʼembarcation : Isid. Orig. 19, 1.

musculus , i. m.
筋節。小鼠。引鯨之魚類。甲魚名。護兵架。

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mūsculus ī, m dim.

• mus, a little mouse, C.— In war, a shed, mantelet: pedes LX longus, Cs.

MUSCULUS

MU´SCULUSwas a shelter for soldiers engaged in undermining the enemy's walls or towers (Caes. B.C. 2.10; Isid. Orig. 18.11, 4), or in filling up the ditch so as to bring the battering-rams, &c. up to the wall (Veget. 4.16). As described by Caesar (l. c.), in the siege of Marseilles it was strongly made of wood, 60 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 5 feet high, with a sloping roof. The construction is as follows:--Two beams, 60 feet long, were placed at the base, 4 feet apart: in these were fixed upright posts (columellae), 5 feet high and joined by gable beams (capreoli) meeting in an angle, across which thick planks or beams are laid lengthways, so as to form a roof sloping both ways. These beams (bipedalia, 2 feet thick) are nailed and clamped together; at the bottom of the slope each side rises a ledge (regulae), 4 digits high, so as to support the layers of bricks, &c. The layers over the wooden roof are bricks and earth; over these, hides to prevent the bricks being displaced by water; and over the hides are cushions or mattresses (centones) kept wet, so as at once to prevent fire and to break the force of stones hurled from above. The machine is constructed beneath the tower of the besiegers, and then is moved on rollers up to the wall. The besiegers throw down huge stones and blazing tar barrels, which roll harmlessly off the sloping roof. The difference between the musculus and the vinea was that in the vinea one of the long sides was open for working, while the musculus was open at the ends, hence giving a long sheltered gallery, the end of which was against the city wall. It was, of course, rolled lengthways to the wall. The vinea was rolled broadside up to the wall. The musculus also was more solidly built than the vinea, and not so high. The testudo was something like the musculus, but squarer. (Lipsius, Poliorcet. 1.9; Marquardt, Staatsverwalt. 2.531.)

[L.S] [G.E.M]

Muscŭlus

The Latin name of a shelter used by soldiers while engaged in undermining the walls of a hostile fortification. It was made of wood with a sloping roof, and is fully described by Caesar, B. C. ii. 10. See testudo; vinea.